53 research outputs found
Empiric antimicrobial therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia after brain injury
International audienceIssues regarding recommendations on empiric antimicrobial therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) have emerged in specific populations.To develop and validate a score to guide empiric therapy in brain-injured patients with VAP, we prospectively followed a cohort of 379 brain-injured patients in five intensive care units. The score was externally validated in an independent cohort of 252 brain-injured patients and its extrapolation was tested in 221 burn patients.The multivariate analysis for predicting resistance (incidence 16.4%) showed two independent factors: preceding antimicrobial therapy â„48â
h (p\textless0.001) and VAP onset â„10â
days (p\textless0.001); the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.822 (95% CI 0.770-0.883) in the learning cohort and 0.805 (95% CI 0.732-0.877) in the validation cohort. The score built from the factors selected in multivariate analysis predicted resistance with a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 71%, a positive predictive value of 37% and a negative predictive value of 96% in the validation cohort. The AUC of the multivariate analysis was poor in burn patients (0.671, 95% CI 0.596-0.751).Limited-spectrum empirical antimicrobial therapy has low risk of failure in brain-injured patients presenting with VAP before day 10 and when prior antimicrobial therapy lasts \textless48â
Simple scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality after surgery for infective endocarditis
BACKGROUND:
Aspecific scoring systems are used to predict the risk of death postsurgery in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). The purpose of the present study was both to analyze the risk factors for in-hospital death, which complicates surgery for IE, and to create a mortality risk score based on the results of this analysis.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Outcomes of 361 consecutive patients (mean age, 59.1\ub115.4 years) who had undergone surgery for IE in 8 European centers of cardiac surgery were recorded prospectively, and a risk factor analysis (multivariable logistic regression) for in-hospital death was performed. The discriminatory power of a new predictive scoring system was assessed with the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Score validation procedures were carried out. Fifty-six (15.5%) patients died postsurgery. BMI >27 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; P=0.049), estimated glomerular filtration rate 55 mm Hg (OR, 1.78; P=0.032), and critical state (OR, 2.37; P=0.017) were independent predictors of in-hospital death. A scoring system was devised to predict in-hospital death postsurgery for IE (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.780; 95% CI, 0.734-0.822). The score performed better than 5 of 6 scoring systems for in-hospital death after cardiac surgery that were considered.
CONCLUSIONS:
A simple scoring system based on risk factors for in-hospital death was specifically created to predict mortality risk postsurgery in patients with IE
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.
RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 â„60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Les enjeux de la souveraineté numérique
International audienceLes enjeux de la souverainetĂ© numĂ©rique sont omniprĂ©sents dans le dĂ©bat public actuel : de lâAppel de Paris en 2018 Ă la DĂ©claration sur le futur de lâInternet dâavril 2022, en passant par le Discours sur lâĂ©tat de lâUnion de la prĂ©sidente Von der Leyen de septembre 2021 et lâInternational Counter Ransomware Initiative de 2021, le sujet est devenu omniprĂ©sent.Plus que le numĂ©rique lui-mĂȘme, câest son ubiquitĂ© qui est, au fond, en cause, derriĂšre lâidĂ©e de souverainetĂ© : la souverainetĂ© numĂ©rique concerne tout Ă la fois des enjeux dĂ©mocratiques, Ă©conomiques et sociaux, commerciaux, industriels, de dĂ©fense et de sĂ©curitĂ©. DerriĂšre la question Ă©conomique, ce sont les modĂšles de sociĂ©tĂ© et leurs valeurs qui sont en jeu.Saisis dans leur intĂ©gralitĂ©, ces diffĂ©rents domaines qui, Ă leur façon, mettent en cause lâintĂ©gritĂ© des compĂ©tences des Ătats et de lâUnion europĂ©enne ainsi que leur autonomie, finissent par constituer quelque chose de fondamental et dâexistentiel pour les Ătats et lâUnion europĂ©enne : leur indĂ©pendance, leur capacitĂ© Ă garder la maĂźtrise de leurs compĂ©tences les plus fondamentales et Ă appliquer les valeurs qui fondent leur identitĂ© et structurent les rapports sociaux.Le numĂ©rique a crĂ©Ă© une rupture par la prise de conscience, commune Ă tous les Ătats en Europe et au-delĂ , de leur incapacitĂ© individuelle Ă exister, dĂ©fendre leurs valeurs, leur modĂšle, leur Ă©conomie et leurs citoyens seuls dans le cyberespace : la domination Ă©conomique des plateformes amĂ©ricaines et chinoises, la puissance technologique des Ătats-Unis et de la Chine ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© sous un angle assez cruel lâimpuissance des acteurs Ă©tatiques sur la scĂšne internationale. Face aux campagnes de dĂ©sinformation et de manipulation de lâopinion pour dĂ©stabiliser les dĂ©mocraties libĂ©rales, aux cyberattaques des infrastructures sociales essentielles, Ă lâimpuissance des Ă©conomies Ă lutter contre la puissance de marchĂ© des plateformes, Ă la captation des donnĂ©es des citoyens et des industries et Ă un retard technologique devenu Ă©vident, le sentiment dâimpuissance individuelle des Ătats europĂ©ens a placĂ© la question de la souverainetĂ© numĂ©rique au cĆur des enjeux internationaux. Les stratĂ©gies de certaines puissances Ă©trangĂšres qui ciblent les processus dĂ©mocratiques des Ătats par de multiples campagnes de dĂ©sinformation et de manipulation des opinions publiques sont au cĆur dâune guerre hybride qui interroge les formes conventionnelles de dĂ©fense des Ătats.Les rĂ©vĂ©lations dâEdward Snodwen sur lâampleur de la surveillance numĂ©rique de toutes les plus hautes autoritĂ©s politiques europĂ©ennes par les agences amĂ©ricaines, et de la façon dont ces informations ont pu servir les intĂ©rĂȘts amĂ©ricains avaient certes crĂ©Ă© une prise de conscience forte au niveau international. La stratĂ©gie de surveillance globale des principales puissances Ă©trangĂšres aux fins de manipulations gĂ©ostratĂ©giques est telle quâelle ne peut pas ne pas affecter quelque peu au passage la puissance de lâĂtat. La puissance Ă©conomique des gĂ©ants du numĂ©rique, dont le chiffre dâaffaire approche parfois les recettes fiscales Ă©tatiques, restructure le rapport de force Ă©conomique au niveau international. Lâinvasion russe en Ukraine et les stratĂ©gies de dĂ©sinformation quâelle dĂ©ploie ont peut ĂȘtre achevĂ© de convaincre certains Ătats de la nĂ©cessitĂ© dâagir plus collectivement.La souverainetĂ© numĂ©rique semble inverser la problĂ©matique de la souverainetĂ© : elle renvoie Ă une souverainetĂ© Ă lâenvers, câest-Ă -dire Ă lâidĂ©e que la souverainetĂ© de lâĂtat est de multiple façons mise en cause par la transition numĂ©rique et que seule lâĂ©chelle europĂ©enne, voire internationale, peut limiter, peut-ĂȘtre corriger, ces atteintes. Les Ătats sont confrontĂ©s Ă des plateformes numĂ©riques ou des puissances Ă©trangĂšres qui ont les moyens dâĂȘtre non seulement leur Ă©gal, mais peut-ĂȘtre aussi leur supĂ©rieur et leur concurrent.La conceptualisation de la souverainetĂ© numĂ©rique europĂ©enne ne consiste pas Ă projeter la thĂ©orie de lâĂtat au niveau europĂ©en mais Ă penser lâindĂ©pendance voire la mise en capacitĂ© dâagir, « lâempowerment », de la puissance publique europĂ©enne dans une situation mondiale dans laquelle elle nâa pas su trouver sa place : rendre aux Ătats europĂ©ens une capacitĂ© dâagir dans un monde reconfigurĂ© par le numĂ©rique.Les enjeux sont multiples et appellent une rĂ©flexion qui permet de croiser les regards sur les questions de droit international, droit europĂ©en, gĂ©opolitique et relations internationales
La souveraineté numérique
International audienceLa souverainetĂ© numĂ©rique concerne tout Ă la fois des enjeux dĂ©mocratiques, Ă©conomiques et sociaux, commerciaux, industriels, de dĂ©fense et de sĂ©curitĂ©. Saisis dans leur intĂ©gralitĂ©, ces diffĂ©rents domaines mettent en cause l'intĂ©gritĂ© des compĂ©tences des Ătats ainsi que leur indĂ©pendance, leur capacitĂ© Ă appliquer les valeurs qui fondent leur identitĂ© et structurent les rapports sociaux. Face aux manipulations de l'information, aux cyberattaques contre des infrastructures sociales essentielles, Ă l'impuissance des Ă©conomies Ă lutter contre la puissance de marchĂ© des plateformes, Ă la captation des donnĂ©es des citoyens et des industries et un retard technologique industriel, le sentiment d'impuissance individuelle des Ătats europĂ©ens a placĂ© la question de la souverainetĂ© numĂ©rique au coeur des enjeux internationaux. L'objectif est d'identifier les nouveaux acteurs qui concurrencent les Ătats dans le cyberespace, de comprendre quel est aujourd'hui la place de Ătat dans ce contexte ainsi redĂ©fini et des moyens dont ils disposent pour lutter contre les cybermenaces. Les enjeux de rĂ©gulation sont importants mais les approches des diffĂ©rents acteurs Ă©tatiques sont loin d'ĂȘtre univoques.Cet ouvrage cherche Ă saisir la pluralitĂ© de ces enjeux sous un angle gĂ©opolitique, juridique et technique en croisant les regards et les expertises. La souverainetĂ© numĂ©rique est aussi apprĂ©hendĂ©e diffĂ©remment en Europe, aux Ătats-Unis, en Afrique ou en Russie. Cet ouvrage permet de croiser les diffĂ©rentes conceptions nationales du rĂŽle de l'Ătat dans le cyberespace. Cet ouvrage s'adresse Ă tous les Ă©tudiants et professionnels qui s'intĂ©ressent aux grands enjeux politiques, juridiques et gĂ©opolitiques de la souverainetĂ© numĂ©rique
Raman spectroscopy to determine CO2 solubility in mafic silicate melts at high pressure: Haplobasaltic, haploandesitic and approach of basaltic compositions
International audienc
EurHisFirm M7.1: First version of the data extraction system
Work Package 7 develops an intelligent and collaborative system for the extraction of structured information from images of historical documents related to companiesâ financial and economic activities. The system focuses on printed serial sources related to listed companies such as stock exchange yearbooks and price lists. In the deliverable D7.1, we provided general software libraries, which can be used to build different prototypes of document recognition and understanding systems adapted to different kinds of documents. This milestone M7.1 is composed of the first version of two recognition systems: one for yearbook information extraction, and one for price list data extraction. Those systems have been applied to several corpora: the German Yearbook 1913-1914 (Handbuch der deutschen Aktiengesellschaften), the French DesfosseÌs Yearbook 1962, the official price lists for Brussels 1912 and Paris 1961-1962, which are part of the document samples dataset validated by the Steering Committee. This document samples dataset is made of three yearbooks, three stock price lists, with three different languages, on three time periods: before WWI, interwar and post WWII. The two remaining corpora are the Spanish yearbook 1929-1930 and the official price lists for Madrid 1934
EurHisFirm M7.1: First version of the data extraction system
Work Package 7 develops an intelligent and collaborative system for the extraction of structured information from images of historical documents related to companiesâ financial and economic activities. The system focuses on printed serial sources related to listed companies such as stock exchange yearbooks and price lists. In the deliverable D7.1, we provided general software libraries, which can be used to build different prototypes of document recognition and understanding systems adapted to different kinds of documents. This milestone M7.1 is composed of the first version of two recognition systems: one for yearbook information extraction, and one for price list data extraction. Those systems have been applied to several corpora: the German Yearbook 1913-1914 (Handbuch der deutschen Aktiengesellschaften), the French DesfosseÌs Yearbook 1962, the official price lists for Brussels 1912 and Paris 1961-1962, which are part of the document samples dataset validated by the Steering Committee. This document samples dataset is made of three yearbooks, three stock price lists, with three different languages, on three time periods: before WWI, interwar and post WWII. The two remaining corpora are the Spanish yearbook 1929-1930 and the official price lists for Madrid 1934
EurHisFirm M7.1: First version of the data extraction system
Work Package 7 develops an intelligent and collaborative system for the extraction of structured information from images of historical documents related to companiesâ financial and economic activities. The system focuses on printed serial sources related to listed companies such as stock exchange yearbooks and price lists. In the deliverable D7.1, we provided general software libraries, which can be used to build different prototypes of document recognition and understanding systems adapted to different kinds of documents. This milestone M7.1 is composed of the first version of two recognition systems: one for yearbook information extraction, and one for price list data extraction. Those systems have been applied to several corpora: the German Yearbook 1913-1914 (Handbuch der deutschen Aktiengesellschaften), the French DesfosseÌs Yearbook 1962, the official price lists for Brussels 1912 and Paris 1961-1962, which are part of the document samples dataset validated by the Steering Committee. This document samples dataset is made of three yearbooks, three stock price lists, with three different languages, on three time periods: before WWI, interwar and post WWII. The two remaining corpora are the Spanish yearbook 1929-1930 and the official price lists for Madrid 1934
EurHisFirm M7.1: First version of the data extraction system
Work Package 7 develops an intelligent and collaborative system for the extraction of structured information from images of historical documents related to companiesâ financial and economic activities. The system focuses on printed serial sources related to listed companies such as stock exchange yearbooks and price lists. In the deliverable D7.1, we provided general software libraries, which can be used to build different prototypes of document recognition and understanding systems adapted to different kinds of documents. This milestone M7.1 is composed of the first version of two recognition systems: one for yearbook information extraction, and one for price list data extraction. Those systems have been applied to several corpora: the German Yearbook 1913-1914 (Handbuch der deutschen Aktiengesellschaften), the French DesfosseÌs Yearbook 1962, the official price lists for Brussels 1912 and Paris 1961-1962, which are part of the document samples dataset validated by the Steering Committee. This document samples dataset is made of three yearbooks, three stock price lists, with three different languages, on three time periods: before WWI, interwar and post WWII. The two remaining corpora are the Spanish yearbook 1929-1930 and the official price lists for Madrid 1934
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