Penser le cinéma des premiers temps dans les années 1940 et 1950 : l’étude des « origines »

Dans les années 1940 et 1950, de nombreux auteurs, notamment Jean Mitry ou Georges Sadoul ainsi que des institutions telles que la Commission de recherches historiques de la Cinémathèque française, ont mené des recherches et produit des écrits sur le cinéma dit aujourd’hui « des premiers temps ». La mise en série de certains de ces travaux fait apparaître un grand nombre de similitudes dans la manière dont les commentateurs traitent de cette cinématographie. L’objet de cet article est de dégager ces similitudes afin de les analyser et de comprendre non seulement ce qui a permis que ces discours récurrents se forment, mais également ce qu’ils produisent : la construction d’une unité homogène, le cinéma des « origines ».During the 1940s and 1950s, many authors including Jean Mitry and Georges Sadoul and institutions such as the « Commission de recherches historiques » of the Cinémathèque française conducted research and produced writings on early cinema. The historical analysis of some of these works reveals many similarities in the way these commentators deal with this period of cinema. The purpose of this article is to identify these similarities in order to analyze and understand not only what enabled these recurring discourse to take form, but also what they produce: the construction of a homogeneous unit, the cinema of « origins »

On a Bubble algorithm for the cubic Nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation

Based on very recent and promising ideas, stemming from the use of bubbles, we discuss an algorithm for the numerical simulation of the cubic nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation with harmonic potential (cNLS) in any dimension, that could easily be extended to other polynomial nonlinearities. This algorithm consists in discretizing the initial function as a sum of modulated complex gaussian functions (the bubbles), each one having its own set of parameters, and then updating the parameters according to cNLS. Numerically, we solve exactly the linear part of the equation and use the Dirac-Frenkel-MacLachlan principle to approximate the nonlinear part. We then obtain a grid free algorithm in any dimension whose efficiency compared with spectral methods is illustrated by numerical examples

Colloque « Méliès, carrefour des attractions »

Cent cinquante ans après la naissance de Georges Méliès et cinquante ans après la création de l’association des Amis de Georges Méliès, un troisième colloque consacré à l’étude de l’« œuvre » du cinématographiste s’est tenu au Centre Culturel International de Cerisy-la-Salle. Ce colloque, organisé par André Gaudreault et Laurent Le Forestier (tous deux secondés par Madeleine Malthête-Méliès, Jacques Malthête, Stéphane Tralongo et Anne-Marie Quévrain) faisait suite à une première rencontre int..

Modelado en 3D de una puerta de la ciudad de Rennes del siglo XV: Portes Mordelaises

[EN] The Portes Mordelaises, remnants of the medieval city walls of Rennes, France, has been the subject of several archaeological excavations until 2017. From these excavations, we created a three-dimensional (3D) model of the site reconstructed as it would have appeared during the 15th century, including the surrounding plus the interiors of its famed towers. Once our efforts and results were officially recognised as being of national interest by the French Ministry of Culture and Communication, Department of Heritage and the National Museum Service of France, we presented our virtual model reconstruction in an exhibition curated by the Museum of Bretagne, entitled "Rennes, les vies d'une ville" (Rennes, the Lives of a City). This approach to 3D reconstruction of the site served to further study Rennes’ origins, its construction, organisation, as well as its historic relationship to surrounding territories. The main objective of this work was to investigate, using of a significant and com[ES] Las Portes Mordelaises, restos de las murallas medievales de la ciudad de Rennes, Francia, han sido objeto de varias excavaciones arqueológicas hasta el año 2017. A partir de estas excavaciones, pudimos crear un modelo tridimensional (3D) del sitio reconstruido tal y como habría aparecido durante el siglo XV, incluyendo los terrenos circundantes así como los interiores de sus famosas torres. Una vez que nuestros esfuerzos y resultados fueron reconocidos oficialmente como de interés nacional por el Ministerio de Cultura y Comunicación de Francia, el Departamento de Patrimonio así como el Servicio Nacional de Museos de Francia, presentamos nuestra reconstrucción del modelo virtual en una exposición gestionada por el Museo de Bretaña titulada "Rennes, las vidas de una ciudad”. Este enfoque de la reconstrucción en 3D del sitio sirvió para profundizar en el estudio de los orígenes de Rennes, su construcción, su organización, así como su relación histórica con los territorios circundantes. EBarreau, J.; Esnault, E.; Foucher, J.; Six, M.; Le Faou, C. (2020). 3D modelling of a 15th century city gate of Rennes: Portes Mordelaises. Virtual Archaeology Review. 11(22):41-55. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.12653OJS41551122Ahmad, T., Afzal, M., Hayat, F., Asif, H. S., Ahsan, S., & Saleem, Y. (2012). Need for software design methodology for remote sensing applications. Life Sci Journal, 9(3), 2152-2156.Al-Baghdadi, M. A. S. (2017). 3D printing and 3D scanning of our ancient history: Preservation and protection of our cultural heritage and identity. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 8(5), 441-456.Alix, C., Carron, D., Roux-Capron, E., & Josserand, L. (2016). La porte Bannier, entrée principale de la ville d'Orléans aux XIVe-XVe siècles. Archeologie medievale, (46), 91-122. https://doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.2781Athanasoulis, D., Georgiou, A., Simou, X., Sfika, A., Klotsa, V., Zirogianni, T., Theodoropoulos, C., & Deligianni, E.-O. (2015). Bridging monuments through digital repository and graphic reconstruction methodologies. The Digital Enhancement Project of Argolid, Arcadia and Corinthia castles, Greece. In 2015 Digital Heritage, Vol. 1, (pp. 107- 110). Granada, Spain. https://doi.org/10.1109/digitalheritage.2015.7413846Auer, C. (2017). L'archéologie high tech - xenius arte. Retrieved February 16, 2017, from www.cnrs.fr/CNRSHebdo/bretagne-paysdeloire/actus.php?numero=11666Banfi, F., Brumana, R., & Stanga, C. (2019). Extended reality and informative models for the architectural heritage: from scan-to-BIM process to virtual and augmented reality. Virtual Archaeology Review, 10(21), 14-30. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2019.11923Barreau, J. B. (2017). Techniques de production, d'exploration et d'analyse d'environnements archéologiques virtuels.(Production, exploration and analysis techniques of virtual archaeological environments) (Doctoral dissertation, INSA de Rennes, France). Retrieved from https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01633811/documentBarreau, J.-B., Bernard, Y., Petit, Q., Beuchet, L., Petit, E., Platen, V., Gaugne, R., Le Rumeur, J., & Gouranton, V. (2014). Combination of 3D scanning, modeling and analyzing methods around the castle of Coatfrec reconstitution. In Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection. EuroMed 2014 (pp. 418-426). Limassol, Cyprus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13695-0_40Barreau, J.-B., Gaugne, R., Bernard, Y., Le Cloirec, G., & Gouranton, V. (2013). The West Digital Conservatory of Archaelogical Heritage project. In 2013 Digital Heritage (pp. 1-8). Marseille, France. https://doi.org/10.1109/digitalheritage.2013.6743795Barreau, J.-B., Lanoe, E., & Gaugne, R. (2020). 3D sketching of the fortified entrance of the citadel of Aleppo from a few sightseeing photos. In Kremers H. (Ed.), Digital Cultural Heritage (pp. 359-371). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15200-0_24Barrera-Vera, J. A. (2005). Generation of virtual models of historical tapial walls in Seville (Spain). In VSMM 2005: proceedings of the eleventh International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia: Virtual reality at work in the 21st century: impact on society. Ghent, Belgium.Bayraktar, C. (2016). V-RAY 3.3. Istanbul: Kodlab Yayin Dağitim Yazilim Ltd.şti.Boochs, F., Hoffmann, A., Huxhagen, U., & Welter, D. (2006). Digital reconstruction of archeological objects using hybrid sensing techniques-The example Porta Nigra at Trier. Bar International Series, 1568, 395-400.Bosser, A. G. (2004). Massively multi-player games: Matching game design with technical design. In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology (pp. 263-268). Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1145/1067343.1067378Brioso, X., Calderón, C., Aguilar, R., & Pando, M. A. (2019). Preliminary methodology for the integration of lean construction, bim and virtual reality in the planning phase of structural intervention in heritage structures. In Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (pp. 484-492). Cusco, Peru. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_52Canciani, M., Conigliaro, E., Grasso, M. D., Papalini, P., & Saccone, M. (2016). 3D survey and augmented reality for cultural heritage. The case study of Aurelian wall at Castra Praetoria in Rome. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences, XLI-B5, 931-937. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-931-2016Carrión-Ruiz, B., Blanco-Pons, S., Weigert, A., Fai, S., & Lerma, J. L. (2019). Merging photogrammetry and augmented reality: The Canadian Library of Parliament. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42(2/W11), 367-371. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-367-2019Châtellier, L. (2011). Modélisation 3d: la porte Cailhau. Retrieved May 20, 2011, from https://www.kiwimage.com/2011/3d/modelisation-3d-la-porte-cailhau/Contenson, L. D. (1907). Les remparts de Rennes. Bulletin Monumental, 71(1), 431-441. https://doi.org/10.3406/bulmo.1907.11425Debacker, P. (2019). Grâce aux nouvelles technologies, les archeologues sont plus efficaces. Retrieved June 14, 2019, from https://www.1jour1actu.com/science/grace-aux-nouvelles-technologies-les-archeologues-sont-plus-efficacesDelone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean model of Information Systems success: a ten-year update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748Du Crest de Villeneuve, E.-R., & Lorette, H. (1841). Album Breton: souvenirs de Rennes. Rennes: Ambroise Jausions.Esnault, E. (2012). RENNES (35). Les Portes Mordelaises. Rapport intermédiaire de fp. Fouille programmée, RAP02792, Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bretagne. Retrieved from http://bibliotheque.numerique.srabretagne.fr/files/original/d5dcfe1a4491a228ffac3aa84cca0226.pdfEsnault, E. (2013). Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine). Les portes Mordelaises. Archéologie Médiévale, 43, 273-274.Esnault, E. (2014a). RENNES (35). Les Portes Mordelaises. Rapport intermédiaire de fp 2012-2014. Fouille programmée, RAP02919, Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bretagne. Retrieved from http://bibliotheque.numerique.sra-bretagne.fr/files/original/f3e868678cdd1dd64a9cd2fd12efde4b.pdfEsnault, E. (2014b). Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine). Les portes Mordelaises. Archéologie Médiévale, 44, 279.Esnault, E. (2015a). RENNES (35). Les Portes Mordelaises. Rapport intermédiaire de fp. Fouille programmée, RAP03063, Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bretagne. Retrieved from http://bibliotheque.numerique.srabretagne.fr/files/original/912019e9c7133236f6611868b3b0fa86.pdfEsnault, E. (2015b). Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine). Les portes Mordelaises. Archéologie Médiévale, 45, 250-251.Esnault, E. (2016a). RENNES (35). Les Portes Mordelaises. Rapport intermediaire 2015 de FP. Fouille programmée, RAP03203, Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bretagne. Retrieved from http://bibliotheque.numerique.srabretagne.fr/files/original/034c4915717c242d2af1df753ce91089.pdfEsnault, E. (2016b). Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine). Les portes Mordelaises. Archéologie Médiévale, 46, 266-267.Esnault, E. (2017a). RENNES (35). Les Portes Mordelaises. Rapport intermediaire 2016 de FP. Fouille programmée, RAP03386, Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bretagne. Retrieved from http://bibliotheque.numerique.srabretagne.fr/files/original/bcc431b25e3267e4b6995701b6af4594.pdfEsnault, E. (2017b). Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine). Les portes Mordelaises. Archéologie Médiévale, 47, 246-247.Esnault, E. (2018a). Les fortifications médiévales et les Portes Mordelaises. Retrieved January 5, 2020 from https://multimedia.inrap.fr/atlas/Rennes/syntheses/par-themes/Les-fortifications-medievales-et-les-PortesMordelaises#.XhzRNiNCeUkEsnault, E. (2018b). Les nouvelles techniques de relevés appliquées à l'archéologie du bâti et à l'archéologie urbaine. In S. Eusèbe, T. Nicolas, V. Gouranton, & R. Gaugne (Dir.) - Archéologie: imagerie numérique et 3D: Actes du 3e Séminaire Scientifique et Technique de l'Inrap, 26-27 juin 2018. Rennes, France. Retrieved from https://sstinrap.hypotheses.org/501Esnault, E. (2018c). RENNES (35). Les Portes Mordelaises. Rapport intermediaire 2017 de FP. Fouille programmée, RAP03512, Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bretagne. Retrieved from http://bibliotheque.numerique.srabretagne.fr/files/original/d517bc059b5dd79cc80d0997777a3f0b.pdfFerko, A., Martinka, J., Sormann, M., Karner, K., Zara, J., & Krivograd, S. (2004). Virtual Heart of Central Europe. In Proceedings of 9th symposion on Info & Communication Technology in Urban and Spatial planning and Impacts of ICT on Physical Space (pp. 193-200). Wien, Austria.Fisher, M., & Hanrahan, P. (2010). Context-based search for 3D models. ACM transactions on Graphics (TOG), 29(6), 182. https://doi.org/10.1145/1882261.1866204Freudenberg, B., Masuch, M., Rober, N., & Strothotte, T. (2001). The Computer-Visualistik-Raum: veritable and inexpensive presentation of a virtual reconstruction. In Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Virtual Reality, Archeology, and Cultural Heritage (pp. 97-102) Glyfada, Greece. https://doi.org/10.1145/585009.585010Gaugne, R., Gouranton, V., Dumont, G., Chauffaut, A., & Arnaldi, B. (2014). Immersia, an open immersive infrastructure: doing archaeology in virtual reality. Archeologia e Calcolatori, suppl. 5, 1-10.Guillas, N. (2013). Des drones qui fouillent le sol. Sciences Ouest, 312.Haller, M. (2004). Photorealism or/and non-photorealism in augmented reality. In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry (pp. 189-196). Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1145/1044588.1044627Hoda, R., Salleh, N., & Grundy, J. (2018). The rise and evolution of agile software development. IEEE Software, 35(5), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2018.290111318Inrap (2018). Archéologie de la ville de Rennes, carte des sites de fouilles. Retrieved January 3, 2020, from https://multimedia.inrap.fr/atlas/Rennes/archeo-RennesInrap (2019). Rennes. Retrieved January 8, 2020, from https://www.inrap.fr/communes/rennesJahn, I., Kersten, T., & Kinzel, R. (2004). Erfahrungen mit einem 3d-laserscanning-system bei der erfassung einer industrieanlage und des lubecker holstentores. Photogrammetrie-Laserscanning-Optische 3D-Messtechnik (pp. 222- 229).Koutonen, J., & Leppänen, M. (2013). How are agile methods and practices deployed in video game development? A survey into Finnish game studios. In International Conference on Agile Software Development (pp. 135-149). Berlin, Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38314-4_10Le Cloirec, G. (2019). Du crayon au SIG: 30 ans d'archeologie urbaine à Rennes. Retrieved August 5, 2019, from https://musee-devoile.blog/2019/08/05/du-crayon-au-sig-30-ans-darcheologie-urbaine-a-rennesLópez, L., Arroyo, G., & Martín, D. (2012). Computer tool for automatically generated 3D illustration in real time from archeological scanned pieces. Virtual Archaeology Review, 3(6), 73-77. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2012.4447Marek, M., & Hipp, K. (2011). Cracovia 3D: rekonstrukcje cyfrowe historycznej zabudowy Krakowa. Kraków: Kolegium Wydawnicze Muzeum Historycznego Miasta Krakowa.Ouest-France (2013). L'histoire des Portes mordelaises se visite. Retrieved April 25, 2013 from https://www.ouestfrance.fr/bretagne/rennes-35000/lhistoire-des-portes-mordelaises-se-visite-1078116Mora, P., & Vivier, A. (2007). Le levé tachéométrique et son utilisation dans la numérisation de sites archéologiques. In Virtual Retrospect, 3 (pp. 203-206). Pessac, France.Mortara, M., & Catalano, C. (2018). 3D Virtual environments as effective learning contexts for cultural heritage. Italian Journal of Educational Technology, 26(2), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.17471/2499-4324/1026Ouest-France (2019). "Rennes, les vies d'une ville", une exposition qui vous fait voyager dans le temps. Retrieved January 26, 2019 from https://www.ouest-france.fr/bretagne/rennes-35000/rennes-les-vies-d-une-ville-uneexposition-qui-vous-fait-voyager-dans-le-temps-6197410Ozimek, P. (2007). Rekonstrukcja wirtualna obiektow architektonicznych. Roczniki Geomatyki-Annals of Geomatics, 5(8), 173-185.Pybus, C., Graham, K., Doherty, J., Arellano, N., & Fai, S. (2019). New realities for Canada's Parliament: a workflow for preparing heritage bim for game engines and virtual reality. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W15, 945-952. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W15945-2019Regnard, A.-L. (2015). Construction de la maquette 3D de Rennes Métropole: mise en place, analyse et optimisation des processus (Master's thesis, CNAM - École Supérieure des Géomètres et Topographes, Le Mans, France).Remondino, F. (2003). From point cloud to surface: the modeling and visualization problem. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XXXIV-5/W10.Resco, P. A., & Figueidero, C. (2014). Escala de evidencia histórica | Scale of historical evidence. Retrieved January 10, 2015, from https://parpatrimonioytecnologia.wordpress.com/2014/07/21/escala-de-evidencia-historica-scale-ofhistorical-evidenceSix, M. (2018). Rennes, les vies d'une ville. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes.Tucci, G., Conti, A., Fiorini, L., Corongiu, M., Valdambrini, N., & Matta, C. (2019). M-BIM: a new tool for the Galleria dell'Accademia di Firenze. Virtual Archaeology Review, 10(21), 40-55. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2019.11943Veillard, K. (2015). Plongeon dans le passé ce week-end avec les journées de l'Archéologie. Retrieved June 18, 2015, from https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/bretagne/2015/06/18/plongeon-dans-le-passe-ce-week-end-avec-lesjournees-de-l-archeologie-749959.htmlZhangyu, D. (2014). Capital gatekeeper. Retrieved November 19, 2014, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/beijing/201411/19/content_18939388.ht

Availability of Antimalarial Drugs and Evaluation of the Attitude and Practices for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Bangui, Central African Republic

National malaria management policy is based upon the availability of effective and affordable antimalarial drugs. This study was undertaken to evaluate the quality of the treatment of uncomplicated malaria cases in Bangui, an area with multidrug-resistant parasites, at a time preceding implementation of a new therapeutic policy relying on the artemisinin derivative combined treatment artemether-lumefantrine. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Bangui city to assess availability of antimalarial drugs and the performances of health workers in the management of uncomplicated malaria. Availability of drugs was recorded in all drugs wholesalers (n = 3), all pharmacies in health facilities (n = 14), private drugstores (n = 15), and in 60 non-official drug shops randomly chosen in the city. Despite a limited efficacy at the time of the survey, chloroquine remained widely available in the official and nonofficial markets. Artemisinin derivatives used in monotherapy or in combination were commonly sold. In health care facilities, 93% of the uncomplicated malaria cases were treated in the absence of any laboratory confirmation and the officially recommended treatment, amodiaquine-sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, was seldom prescribed. Thus, the national guidelines for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria are not followed by health professionals in Bangui. Its use should be implemented while a control of importation of drug has to be reinforced

Structure determination of Split-soret Cytochrome from a Desulfovibrio species isolated from a human abdominal abcess

The determined structure of the split-soret cytochrome (SSC) isolated from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774 (D.d.) revealed a new Heme arrangement, which suggests that this protein constitutes a new cytochrome class.. SSC is a 52.6kDa homodimer containing four hemes at one end of the molecule. In each monomer the two hemes have their edges overlapped within van der Waals contacts. The polypeptide chain of each monomer supplies the sixth ligand to the heme-iron of the other monomer. A similar protein was recently purified from a homologous Desulfovibrio clinical strain isolated from an abdominal wall abscess in human patient2. Crystals of this SSC were grown using vapour diffusion method in the presence of agarose gel. Diffraction data were collected using X-ray synchrotron radiation at the ESRF, beamline, ID 14-1. The structure will be solved by molecular replacement using the structure of the D.d. as a starting model

APOE genotyping: comparison of three methods

n/

Apprendre aux étudiants paramédicaux à collaborer : dynamique et continuum de pratiques collaboratives dans un dispositif de formation.

International audienceL'évolution des besoins en santé de la population implique aujourd'hui pour les acteurs du domaine médico-social un changement des pratiques professionnelles tournées vers la collaboration. Cela demande de repenser les formations initiales en santé pour permettre aux jeunes professionnels de s'adapter à ces nouvelles pratiques de terrain. C'est pourquoi, l'Institut de Formation en Pédicurie-podologie, Ergothérapie et Kinésithérapie (IFPEK) de Rennes a mis en place un dispositif de formation à la collaboration interprofessionnelle. Cette recherche analyse l'impact de ce dispositif sur la professionnalité émergente de 181 étudiants pédicure-podologues, ergothérapeutes et kinésithérapeutes, notamment dans leur capacité à mettre en place des interactions dans le cadre d'un travail collaboratif. Dix entretiens semi-directifs auprès de ces étudiants ainsi que des observations directes lors de la formation ont été menés. En s'appuyant sur le modèle canadien du « Continuum des pratiques de collaboration en santé et service sociaux », les résultats montrent qu'une grande majorité des étudiants s'orientent spontanément vers des pratiques collaboratives mais que leurs interactions sont parfois insuffisantes pour répondre aux problématiques de santé les plus complexes

Long-time averaging for integrable Hamiltonian dynamics

International audienceGiven a Hamiltonian dynamics, we address the question of computing the space-average (referred as the ensemble average in the field of molecular simulation) of an observable through the limit of its time-average. For a completely integrable system, it is known that ergodicity can be characterized by a diophantine condition on its frequencies and that the two averages then coincide. In this paper, we show that we can improve the rate of convergence upon using a filter function in the time-averages. We then show that this convergence persists when a numerical symplectic scheme is applied to the system, up to the order of the integrator

High-order averaging schemes with error bounds for thermodynamical properties calculations by MD simulations

We introduce high-order averaging formulae for the computation of statistical averages on the basis of the numerical simulation of long-time molecular dynamics trajectories. Using these formulae, we improve the convergence rate of the time average with respect to the computational effort. We provide some numerical examples that show the efficiency of our scheme. When trajectories are approximated using symplectic integration schemes (such as velocity Verlet), we give error bounds that provide guidelines to choose the parameters of the computation in order to reach a given desired accuracy in the most efficient manner