Phytochemical study and antiulcerogenic activity of Syngonanthus bisulcatus (Eriocaulaceae)

Do extrato etanólico dos capítulos e dos escapos de Syngonanthus bisulcatus (Koern) Ruhland foram isolados os flavonóides: 5-hidroxi-7,4'-dimetoxi-6-C-beta-D-glicopiranosilflavona, isovitexina (5,7,4'-triidróxi-6-C-beta-D-glicopiranosilflavona, luteolina (5,7,3',4'- tetraidroxiflavona), lutonarina (5,3',4'-triidroxi-6-C-7-O-beta-D-glicopiranosilflavona) e 5,6,3',4'-tetraidroxi-7-O-beta-D-glicopiranosilflavona. As estruturas dos compostos foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia (RMN mono e bi-dimensionais) e por espectrometria de massas Electrospray. Adicionalmente foram examinados os efeitos dos extratos etanólicos dos capítulos e dos escapos pelo modelo de úlcera induzida por etanol/HClFrom the ethanol extract of the capitula and scapes of Syngonanthus bisulcatus (Koern) Ruhland the flavonoids 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxy-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosylflavone, isovitexin (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosylflavone), luteolin (5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), lutonarin (5,3',4'-trihydroxy-6-C-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylflavone) and 5,6,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyrade were isolated. The structure of the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR experiments, as well as ESMS spectrometry. In addition we examined the effect of the ethanol extract of capitulae and scapes in the ulcer model ethanol/HCl-induced gastric mucosal lesions

Elaboração de um guia de utilização de quimioterápicos: um relato de experiência

Objetivo: relatar o processo de elaboração de um guia de utilização de quimioterápicos. Metodologia: o guia foi elaborado a partir de pesquisas em bases de dados, bulas, artigos e livros para levantar informações sobre o uso de medicamentos quimioterápicos da Lista de Medicamentos Padronizados do Hospital Napoleão Laureano (João Pessoa-PB). Resultados: o guia é composto por informações sobre 78 princípios ativos. As informações compreendem: denominação comum brasileira, nome comercial, alerta para aqueles que apresentam grafia e sons semelhantes, forma farmacêutica, categoria antineoplásica, condições de armazenamento, incompatibilidades físico-químicas, condições para reconstituição e diluição, estabilidade após reconstituição, condições de administração, ação vesicante/irritante, medidas adotadas em caso de extravasamento, interações medicamentosas, reações adversas, advertências/precauções e tratamento da toxicidade. Conclusão: espera-se que o desenvolvimento do guia tenha impacto positivo na prática profissional, uma vez que poderá auxiliar no preparo, administração e acompanhamento do uso de medicamentos quimioterápicos

Ulcer healing and mechanism(s) of action involved in the gastroprotective activity of fractions obtained from Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus

Abstract Background Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus, currently known for Comanthera aciphylla (Bong.) L.R.Parra & Giul. and Comanthera bisulcata (Koern.) L.R. Parra & Giul, popularly known in Brazil as “sempre-vivas,” are plants from the family Eriocaulaceae. They are found in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. The species are known to be rich in flavonoids to which their gastroprotective activity has been attributed. In this research, experimental protocols were performed to elucidate the associated mechanisms of action. Methods The activity was evaluated using induced gastric ulcer models (acetic acid and ethanol-induced gastric lesions in NEM or L-NAME pre-treated mice, and by ischemia/reperfusion). Antioxidant enzymes, serum somatostatin, and gastrin were also evaluated. Results In chronic gastric ulcers, a single daily oral dose of Sa-FRF or Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg body wt.) for 14 consecutive days accelerated ulcer healing to an extent similar to that seen with an equal dose of cimetidine. The pre-treatment of mice with NEM (N-ethylmaleimide) or L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine) abolished the protective activity of Sa-FRF, Sa-FDF, Sb-FDF and Sb-FRF or Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, respectively, which indicates that antioxidant compounds and nitric oxide synthase activity are involved in the gastroprotective. Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg p.o) protected the gastric mucosa against ulceration that was induced by ischemia/reperfusion (72 and 76 %, respectively). It also decreased lipid peroxidation and restored total thiols in the gastric wall of mice that had been treated with ethanol. When administered to rats submitted to ethanol-induced gastric lesions, Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the somatostatin serum levels, while the gastrin serum levels were proportionally decreased. Conclusions The results indicate significant healing effects and gastroprotective activity for the Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, which probably involves the participation of SH groups, nitric oxide (NO), the antioxidant system, somatostatin, and gastrin. All are integral parts of the gastrointestinal mucosa’s cytoprotective mechanisms against aggressive factors

Database Survey of Anti-Inflammatory Plants in South America: A Review

Inflammation is a complex event linked to tissue damage whether by bacteria, physical trauma, chemical, heat or any other phenomenon. This physiological response is coordinated largely by a variety of chemical mediators that are released from the epithelium, the immunocytes and nerves of the lamina propria. However, if the factor that triggers the inflammation persists, the inflammation can become relentless, leading to an intensification of the lesion. The present work is a literature survey of plant extracts from the South American continent that have been reported to show anti-inflammatory activity. This review refers to 63 bacterial families of which the following stood out: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae and Celastraceae, with their countries, parts used, types of extract used, model bioassays, organisms tested and their activity

Central effects of the constituents of Mimosa opthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth

La fracción conteniendo los alcaloides totales (FTA) obtenidos de Mimosa opthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth. en dosis de 50 y 100 mg/kg por vía intraperitoneal (v. ip.) y N, N- Dimetiltriptamina (DMT) en dosis de 32,64 y 128 mg/kg (v. ip.) produjo, en ratones, el "síndrome serotonérgico". En el caso de hordenina, el otro compuesto obtenido de M. Opthalmocentra, no mostró diferencias significativas en relación a los animales del grupo utilizado como control. En los ratones tratados con quetanserina (10 mg/kg) se observó un efecto inhibitorio del síndrome producído por medio del tratamiento con DMT y FTA. En conclusión, este efecto puede estar relacionado con la acción sobre los receptores 5 HT2 en cerebro de ratones.A fraction containing the total alkaloids (PTA) of the plant Mimosa opthahocentra Mart. ex Benth. 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p. and N,N,- Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), one of the compounds isolated, at 32,64 and 128 mg/kg, ¡.p. produced the "5HT behavioral syndrome" in rats. Another substance isolated from the plant, hordenin, had no such effect. Pretreatment with ketanserin (10 mglkg) inhibited all the behavioral syndrome elicited by FTA (100 mgtkg) and DMT (64 mglkg) suggesting an action of the agents on 5HT2 receptors subtype in rat brain.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Central effects of the constituents of Mimosa opthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth

La fracción conteniendo los alcaloides totales (FTA) obtenidos de Mimosa opthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth. en dosis de 50 y 100 mg/kg por vía intraperitoneal (v. ip.) y N, N- Dimetiltriptamina (DMT) en dosis de 32,64 y 128 mg/kg (v. ip.) produjo, en ratones, el "síndrome serotonérgico". En el caso de hordenina, el otro compuesto obtenido de M. Opthalmocentra, no mostró diferencias significativas en relación a los animales del grupo utilizado como control. En los ratones tratados con quetanserina (10 mg/kg) se observó un efecto inhibitorio del síndrome producído por medio del tratamiento con DMT y FTA. En conclusión, este efecto puede estar relacionado con la acción sobre los receptores 5 HT2 en cerebro de ratones.A fraction containing the total alkaloids (PTA) of the plant Mimosa opthahocentra Mart. ex Benth. 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p. and N,N,- Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), one of the compounds isolated, at 32,64 and 128 mg/kg, ¡.p. produced the "5HT behavioral syndrome" in rats. Another substance isolated from the plant, hordenin, had no such effect. Pretreatment with ketanserin (10 mglkg) inhibited all the behavioral syndrome elicited by FTA (100 mgtkg) and DMT (64 mglkg) suggesting an action of the agents on 5HT2 receptors subtype in rat brain.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Terpenes in Experimental Models (2010–2020): A Review

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) refer to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which mainly comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBDs are characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, are highly debilitating, and are without a definitive cure. Their pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated; however, it is assumed that genetic, immunological, and environmental factors are involved. People affected by IBDs have relapses, and therapeutic regimens are not always able to keep symptoms in remission over the long term. Natural products emerge as an alternative for the development of new drugs; bioactive compounds are promising in the treatment of several disorders, among them those that affect the gastrointestinal tract, due to their wide structural diversity and biological activities. This review compiles 12 terpenes with intestinal anti-inflammatory activity evaluated in animal models and in vitro studies. The therapeutic approach to IBDs using terpenes acts basically to prevent oxidative stress, combat dysbiosis, restore intestinal permeability, and improve the inflammation process in different signaling pathways

A Review of the Role of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcer (2010–2020)

Peptic ulcers are characterized by erosions on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract that may reach the muscle layer. Their etiology is multifactorial and occurs when the balance between offensive and protective factors of the mucosa is disturbed. Peptic ulcers represent a global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide and showing high rates of recurrence. Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most important predisposing factors for the development of peptic ulcers. Therefore, new approaches to complementary treatments are needed to prevent the development of ulcers and their recurrence. Natural products such as medicinal plants and their isolated compounds have been widely used in experimental models of peptic ulcers. Flavonoids are among the molecules of greatest interest in biological assays due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study is a literature review of flavonoids that have been reported to show peptic ulcer activity in experimental models. Studies published from January 2010 to January 2020 were selected from reference databases. This review refers to a collection of flavonoids with antiulcer activity in vivo and in vitro models