Harina de mandioca en la feria Ver-o-Peso: Socioeconomia y conocimiento tradicional

A farinha de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) é um alimento de referência histórica e produto de inestimável valor cultural e econômico na região amazônica. O estudo objetivou investigar os tipos de farinha de mandioca comercializados na feira do Ver-o-Peso (Belém, Pará), considerando a historicidade, socioeconomia e suas expressões bioculturais. A coleta de dados incluiu observação não participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas, aplicação da lista livre e consulta à obras especializadas. Na feira do Ver-o-Peso foram identificados três tipos de farinha (d’água, seca e tapioca), 12 variedades de farinha e três subprodutos (crueira, carimã e goma), tendo a Farinha tip. d’água subtipo. comum o valor máximo de importância. Trata-se de uma farinha de forte apelo econômico, sendo a preferida dos vendedores por significar venda garantida e, pelos consumidores, por ser tradicionalmente acompanhamento obrigatório das refeições. Cada tipologia expressou concepções individuais, resultado de um laborioso processo de produção, venda e consumo, que transitam entre o campo econômico e o biocultural.Manioc flour (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a food of historical reference and an invaluable cultural and economic product in the Amazon region. This study aimed to investigate the types of  cassava  flour  marketed  at  the  Ver-o-Peso fair  (Belém, Pará),  evaluating  the  associated  socioeconomic  and  cultural  aspects. The data  collection  included   non-participant   observation,semi-structured interviews, application of the free list and consultation of specialized works. At the Ver -o- Peso fair, three types of flour were identified (water, dry and tapioca), 12 subtypes of flour and three by-products (crueira, carimã and gum), with the. Flour of d’água var. the maximum value of importance.It is a flour that integrates the economic and cultural aspects, being the sellers' favorite because of its expressive market demand, and by consumers because it is traditionally mandatory accompaniment to meals. The typologies expressed individual values, the result of a laborious process of production, sale and consumption that transited between the economic and the cultural field.La harina de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) es un alimento de referencia historica y un producto de inestimable valor cultural y económico en la región amazónica. El objetivo fue investigar los tipos de harina de yuca vendidos en la feria Ver-o-Peso (Belém, Pará), considerando la historicidad, expresión socioeconómica y biocultural. La recolección de datos incluyó observación no participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas, aplicación de la lista libre y consulta de trabajos especializados. En la feria Ver-o-Peso se identificaron tres tipos de harina (agua, seca y tapioca), 12 subtipos de harina y tres subproductos (crueira, carimã y chicle), con la harina punta agua var. común el valor máximo de importancia. Es una harina con un fuerte atractivo económico, siendo la preferida por los vendedores porque significa ventas garantizadas y por los consumidores, porque tradicionalmente es un acompañamientos obligatorio de las comidas. Cada tipología expresa conceptos individuales, resultado de un laborioso proceso de producion, venta y consumo, que se mueven entre los campos económico y biocultural

HERBARIA AS PATRIMONY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE MFS COLLECTION IN THE CONSERVATION OF AMAZONIAN BIODIVERSITY

Herbaria and living collections play an indispensable role of species conservation strategies. The objective of this work was to discuss the formation of the MFS - Profa. Drª. Marlene Freitas da Silva herbarium, at the Universidade do Estado do Pará, with the goals of helping new Brazilian herbaria and motivating educational institutions, professors and students. The processes that involve the creation of a botanical collection as such as establishing partnershipsare, training technicians, curating, processing field data, taking images, and making data available online are described. Presently, MFS has 6083 dried collections, including angiosperms (5111 spp.), bryophytes (863 spp.), lycophytes and ferns (18 spp.) and fungi (91 spp.). In addition, there are associated collections of seedlings (15 spp.), flowers (47 spp.), fruits and seeds (187 spp.), and an ethnobotanical collection (56). The increasing growth of this collection is a resulted of many interdisciplinary studies in botany, that invested resources to work the social and environmental importance with the biodiversity. MFS is an important academic space and reference for researchers and students because it allows botanical material to be identified, and is a resource of historical, sociocultural and economic information about plants of a distinct and unique region in the world. Herbaria and living collections play an indispensable role of species conservation strategies. The objective of this work was to discuss the formation of the MFS - Profa. Drª. Marlene Freitas da Silva herbarium, at the Universidade do Estado do Pará, with the goals of helping new Brazilian herbaria and motivating educational institutions, professors and students. The processes that involve the creation of a botanical collection as such as establishing partnershipsare, training technicians, curating, processing field data, taking images, and making data available online are described. Presently, MFS has 6083 dried collections, including angiosperms (5111 spp.), bryophytes (863 spp.), lycophytes and ferns (18 spp.) and fungi (91 spp.). In addition, there are associated collections of seedlings (15 spp.), flowers (47 spp.), fruits and seeds (187 spp.), and an ethnobotanical collection (56). The increasing growth of this collection is a resulted of many interdisciplinary studies in botany, that invested resources to work the social and environmental importance with the biodiversity. MFS is an important academic space and reference for researchers and students because it allows botanical material to be identified, and is a resource of historical, sociocultural and economic information about plants of a distinct and unique region in the world.

Adiamento da gravidez: relação com fatores socioeconômicos e culturais / Postponing pregnancy: relationship with Socioeconomic and cultural factores

Introdução: A maternidade tardia é quando a concepção ocorre após os 35 anos de idade, sendo uma gestação de alto risco. As tecnologias artificiais estão cada vez mais presentes, o que permite gestações em mulheres fora da idade reprodutiva biológica usual. É necessário que haja uma conscientização das mulheres a respeito das complicações da gravidez tardia e que sejam acompanhadas e orientadas sobre os cuidados para que os índices de morbimortalidade materna possam diminuir. Objetivo: Verificar como os fatores socioeconômicos e culturais interferem na vida reprodutiva das mulheres. Métodos: Estudo observacional tipo transversal, na clínica Climar e no Departamento de Saúde da Mulher, da Gestante, da Criança e do Adolescente em Juiz de Fora - MG. Foram entrevistadas 195 pacientes ginecológicas. Foi aplicado um questionário contendo questões referentes a dados socioeconômicos, culturais e idade na primeira gestação.  Resultados: Das entrevistadas 56,9% eram da rede privada e 43,1% da pública. Na renda salarial foi observado que, 46,7% das mulheres da rede privada recebiam de 5-20 salários mínimos enquanto nenhuma das usuárias da rede pública recebiam esse valor. Já sobre os motivos que levaram ao adiamento da gravidez, 72,6% queriam uma carreira acadêmica e/ou conquistar o sucesso profissional antes da maternidade, sendo dessas 55% tinham idade maior ou igual a 35 anos. Conclusão: Há expressiva relação dos fatores socioeconômicos, culturais e educacionais com o adiamento da maternidade. Quanto maior o nível de escolaridade e renda salarial, maior a chance de ocorrer o adiamento da gestação, sendo necessário, a conscientização dos riscos dessa escolha e a importância de um pré-natal orientado e de cuidados contínuos

Resumos de Dissertações

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Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

HERBARIA AS PATRIMONY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE MFS COLLECTION IN THE CONSERVATION OF AMAZONIAN BIODIVERSITY

Herbaria and living collections play an indispensable role of species conservation strategies. The objective of this work was to discuss the formation of the MFS - Profa. Drª. Marlene Freitas da Silva herbarium, at the Universidade do Estado do Pará, with the goals of helping new Brazilian herbaria and motivating educational institutions, professors and students. The processes that involve the creation of a botanical collection as such as establishing partnershipsare, training technicians, curating, processing field data, taking images, and making data available online are described. Presently, MFS has 6083 dried collections, including angiosperms (5111 spp.), bryophytes (863 spp.), lycophytes and ferns (18 spp.) and fungi (91 spp.). In addition, there are associated collections of seedlings (15 spp.), flowers (47 spp.), fruits and seeds (187 spp.), and an ethnobotanical collection (56). The increasing growth of this collection is a resulted of many interdisciplinary studies in botany, that invested resources to work the social and environmental importance with the biodiversity. MFS is an important academic space and reference for researchers and students because it allows botanical material to be identified, and is a resource of historical, sociocultural and economic information about plants of a distinct and unique region in the world. Herbaria and living collections play an indispensable role of species conservation strategies. The objective of this work was to discuss the formation of the MFS - Profa. Drª. Marlene Freitas da Silva herbarium, at the Universidade do Estado do Pará, with the goals of helping new Brazilian herbaria and motivating educational institutions, professors and students. The processes that involve the creation of a botanical collection as such as establishing partnershipsare, training technicians, curating, processing field data, taking images, and making data available online are described. Presently, MFS has 6083 dried collections, including angiosperms (5111 spp.), bryophytes (863 spp.), lycophytes and ferns (18 spp.) and fungi (91 spp.). In addition, there are associated collections of seedlings (15 spp.), flowers (47 spp.), fruits and seeds (187 spp.), and an ethnobotanical collection (56). The increasing growth of this collection is a resulted of many interdisciplinary studies in botany, that invested resources to work the social and environmental importance with the biodiversity. MFS is an important academic space and reference for researchers and students because it allows botanical material to be identified, and is a resource of historical, sociocultural and economic information about plants of a distinct and unique region in the world.