3 research outputs found
PARP1 inhibition protects mice against Japanese encephalitis virus infection
- Author
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/09/2023
- Field of study
Summary: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in children. Although vaccines have been developed against the JE virus (JEV), no effective antiviral therapy exists. Our study shows that inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), an NAD+-dependent (poly-ADP) ribosyl transferase, protects against JEV infection. Interestingly, PARP1 is critical for JEV pathogenesis in Neuro-2a cells and mice. Small molecular inhibitors of PARP1, olaparib, and 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) significantly reduce clinical signs and viral load in the serum and brains of mice and improve survival. PARP1 inhibition confers protection against JEV infection by inhibiting autophagy. Mechanistically, upon JEV infection, PARP1 PARylates AKT and negatively affects its phosphorylation. In addition, PARP1 transcriptionally upregulates PTEN, the PIP3 phosphatase, negatively regulating AKT. PARP1-mediated AKT inactivation promotes autophagy and JEV pathogenesis by increasing the FoxO activity. Thus, our findings demonstrate PARP1 as a potential mediator of JEV pathogenesis that can be effectively targeted for treating JE
Fly ash-based eco-friendly geopolymer concrete: A critical review of the long-term durability properties
- Author
- Aiken
- Al Bakri Abdullah
- Al-Harahsheh
- Al-Zboon
- Albitar
- Alehyen
- Amin
- Amran
- Andini
- Andrew
- Antunes Boca Santa
- Arenas
- Asadi
- Assi
- Assi
- Azevedo
- Bache
- Bakharev
- Bakharev
- Bakharev
- BaĆĄÄareviÄ
- Bernal
- Bhatt
- Bohlooli
- Boonserm
- Bortnovsky
- Brooks
- Böke
- Carabba
- Chang
- Chen
- Chi
- Chindaprasirt
- Chindaprasirt
- Chindaprasirt
- Chotetanorm
- Colangelo
- Criado
- Danish
- Das
- Davidovits
- DeÄirmenci
- Dindi
- Djobo
- Dludlu
- Dombrowski
- Duxson
- Dwivedi
- Embong
- Evangelista
- Feng
- Fernandez-Jimenez
- Ferone
- Gollakota
- Gunasekara
- GĂŒneyisi
- Hairi
- Hassan
- Hemalatha
- Hossain
- Hwang
- Ismail
- Izquierdo
- Izquierdo
- Joseph
- Kalaw
- Kamhangrittirong
- Kamseu
- Khalid
- Khan
- Kockal
- Komnitsas
- Kong
- KrĂłl
- Kumar
- Kupwade-Patil
- Kusbiantoro
- Langan
- Lavanya
- Law
- Lee
- Leung
- Li
- Li
- Li
- Liu
- Liu
- Lizcano
- Lloyd
- Long
- Luhar
- Ma
- Maes
- Mehta
- Mehta
- Mehta
- Mengxiao
- Miller
- Miller
- Missengue
- Moghaddam
- Mohammed
- Monteiro
- Munawer
- Mustafa Al Bakri
- Nadesan
- Naghizadeh
- Najafi Kani
- Nasvi
- Nath
- Nematollahi
- Nguyen
- NikoliÄ
- Noor-Ul-Amin
- Novais
- Nuaklong
- Nugteren
- Nyale
- Ogundiran
- Olivia
- Pan
- Pasupathy
- PayĂĄ
- Peng
- Provis
- Provis
- Provis
- Puligilla
- Rajamane
- Ranjbar
- Rao
- Rattanasak
- Real
- Riahi
- Rickard
- RovnanĂk
- Ryu
- Samadhi
- Santhanam
- Sarker
- Sata
- Sha
- Shaikh
- Shi
- Siddique
- Singh
- Singh
- Siyal
- Somna
- Sukmak
- Sulistiyo
- Sun
- Talukdar
- Temuujin
- Temuujin
- Topark-Ngarm
- Topçu
- Tzanakos
- Ukrainczyk
- Ul Haq
- Valcke
- Valencia Saavedra
- Walkley
- Wang
- Wang
- Wang
- Wardhono
- Williamson
- Wongpa
- Xiao
- Xie
- Yao
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhao
- Zhao
- Zhuang
- Ćach
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Enhanced infection prophylaxis reduces mortality in severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected adults and older children initiating antiretroviral therapy in Kenya, Malawi, Uganda and Zimbabwe: the REALITY trial
- Author
- Abach J
- Abdallah J
- Abdallah S
- Abdallah S
- Aberle-Grasse J
- Abimiku A
- Abishev A
- Abongomera G
- Aboud M
- Aboud M
- Abramovitz D
- Abrams E
- Abrams E
- Abrams E
- Abrams E
- Abravaya K
- Abreu L
- Achra A
- Adera F
- Adetokunboh O
- Adeyemi O
- Adeyemi O
- Adipo T
- Affolabi D
- Agegnehu D
- Agius P
- Agolory S
- Agot K
- Agot K
- Agovi A-A
- Aguiar P
- Aguilar-Martinez J
- Agutu C
- Ahmed M
- Ahmed R
- Ahmed S
- Ahmed S
- Ahmed S
- Aizire J
- Ajibola G
- Ajok S
- Albert-Hope C
- Alejos B
- Alexander G
- Alicea C
- Allen H
- Allen M
- Allen S
- Allen S
- Allen S
- Alloui C
- Altice F
- Altice F
- Amara R
- Ambani A
- Ambrose K
- Amico R
- Amin J
- Amin T
- Amole C
- Amoros I
- Anahtar M
- Ananworanich J
- Ananworanich J
- Ancuta P
- Andama A
- Anderegg N
- Anderson A
- Anderson A
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- Andersson M
- Andrade A
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- Angel J
- Angelidou K
- Anglaret X
- Anoma C
- Ansari A
- Apetrei C
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- Apetrei C
- Apetrei C
- Apetrei C
- Apollon A
- Apondi E
- Aptekar S
- Ardiet D
- Arellano G
- Arenas-Pinto A
- Arhel N
- Armstrong D
- Arthos J
- Artz L
- Arunmanakul A
- Asari V
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- Publication venue
- 'International AIDS Society'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
Meeting abstract FRAB0101LB from 21st International AIDS Conference 18â22 July 2016, Durban, South Africa.
Introduction: Mortality from infections is high in the first 6 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIVâinfected adults and children with advanced disease in subâSaharan Africa. Whether an enhanced package of infection prophylaxis at ART initiation would reduce mortality is unknown.
Methods:
The REALITY 2Ă2Ă2 factorial openâlabel trial (ISRCTN43622374) randomized ARTânaĂŻve HIVâinfected adults and children >5 years with CD4 <100 cells/mm3. This randomization compared initiating ART with enhanced prophylaxis (continuous cotrimoxazole plus 12 weeks isoniazid/pyridoxine (antiâtuberculosis) and fluconazole (antiâcryptococcal/candida), 5 days azithromycin (antiâbacterial/protozoal) and singleâdose albendazole (antiâhelminth)), versus standardâofâcare cotrimoxazole. Isoniazid/pyridoxine/cotrimoxazole was formulated as a scored fixedâdose combination. Two other randomizations investigated 12âweek adjunctive raltegravir or supplementary food. The primary endpoint was 24âweek mortality.
Results:
1805 eligible adults (n = 1733; 96.0%) and children/adolescents (n = 72; 4.0%) (median 36 years; 53.2% male) were randomized to enhanced (n = 906) or standard prophylaxis (n = 899) and followed for 48 weeks (3.8% lossâtoâfollowâup). Median baseline CD4 was 36 cells/mm3 (IQR: 16â62) but 47.3% were WHO Stage 1/2. 80 (8.9%) enhanced versus 108(12.2%) standard prophylaxis died before 24 weeks (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.54â0.97) p = 0.03; Figure 1) and 98(11.0%) versus 127(14.4%) respectively died before 48 weeks (aHR = 0.75 (0.58â0.98) p = 0.04), with no evidence of interaction with the two other randomizations (p > 0.8). Enhanced prophylaxis significantly reduced incidence of tuberculosis (p = 0.02), cryptococcal disease (p = 0.01), oral/oesophageal candidiasis (p = 0.02), deaths of unknown cause (p = 0.02) and (marginally) hospitalisations (p = 0.06) but not presumed severe bacterial infections (p = 0.38). Serious and grade 4 adverse events were marginally less common with enhanced prophylaxis (p = 0.06). CD4 increases and VL suppression were similar between groups (p > 0.2).
Conclusions:
Enhanced infection prophylaxis at ART initiation reduces early mortality by 25% among HIVâinfected adults and children with advanced disease. The pill burden did not adversely affect VL suppression. Policy makers should consider adopting and implementing this lowâcost broad infection prevention package which could save 3.3 lives for every 100 individuals treated