Ethical Frameworks, Moral Practices and Outdoor Education

Discoveries and insights from quantum physics and chaos theory help create new metaphors about. ethical frameworks and moral practices in outdoor education. Using concepts such as fractals, fields, and strange attractors, we explore new ways to view research results, scholarly writings, and creative endeavors related to outdoor education. In addition, we evaluate four themes related to the present ethical discourse in outdoor education and sketch new directions for moral practice

Kualitas Kompos Cacing Tanah Lumbricus rubellus Pada Pakan dan Media yang Berbeda

This research aims to 1). Find out the content of N, P, C-Organic, Na-exch, Mg-exch, K-exch, Ca-exch, CEC, and pH-H2O on vermicompost on different feed and media, 2). Find out the effect of feeding types and types medium for growth and development of earthworm colonies Lumbricus rubellus. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor is the type of feed with 2 levels: P1 = tofu dregs (150 grams) and P2 = cattle rumen (100 grams) while the second factor is the type of media with 2 levels: G0 = cow manure (1.4 kg) and G1 = cow manure (0.7 kg) + peat soil (0.7 kg). From these treatments there were 4 treatment combinations, each of which was repeated 3 times, in order to obtain 12 experimental units. The weight of worms used is 50 grams per experimental unit. This research was conducted for 3 months from October to December 2019, located at the Experimental Garden of the Department of Agricultural Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture, Palangka Raya University and Palangka Raya University Analytical Laboratory. The results showed that the results of laboratory analysis of nutrients in worm compost such as pH-H2O, N-total, C-organic, P-Bray, K-exch, Ca-exch, Mg-exch, Na-exch and CEC were found to have different results. There was an interaction between the type of feed and the type of media that had a very significant effect on the pH-H2O variable and the weight of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus and on a single factor, namely the P-Bray, Ca-exch and Na-exch variables. Whereas in the N-total, C-organic, K-exch and CEC variables there was no significant effect then there was an interaction between the type of feed and the type of media which had a very significant effect on the final weight of Lumbricus rubellus earthworm, namely in the P1G1 treatment with a weight of 155.77 grams, in P1G0 treatment with a weight of 105.58 grams, and in P2G0 treatment with a weight of 90.83 grams, and the weight of Lumbricus rubellus earthworms had no significant effect, namely the P2G1 treatment with a weight of 47.56 gram

Effects of Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizer to Growth and Yield of Mustard Plant (Brassica Juncea L) on Tropical Peatlands

This research aims to determine the effect of the application Vermicompost Organic Fertilizer and NPK inorganic fertilizer in different doses to see mustard plants' growth and the yield on the media of inland peat soil. The study was a completely randomized design factorial Completely Randomized Design, consisting of 2 treatment factors and three replications. The first factor is the dose of Vermicompost organic fertilizer (D), which consisting of 3 levels i,e D0 : control ; D1: 100 g/polybag; D2 : 200 g/polybag and the second factor is the dose NPK Fertilizer which consisting of 2 levels M0: control; M1: 1 g/polibag. This research has been conducted on the experimental field department of agriculture cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture, Palangka Raya University, Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan from October until December 2017. The results showed that the interaction of Vermicompost organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer did not give an effect for plant growth parameters. Doses Vermicompost 100 g / polybag and NPK 1 g / polybag gave the highest results to growth and yield of mustard plants; based on the results of the analysis, the treatment of 1 g NPK / polybag had a very significant effect on the observed parameters such as plant height, number of leaf, root weight, and total plant weight

EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED APPLICATION OF Trichoderma sp. AND VERMICOMPOST ON THE MANAGEMENT OF Sclerotium rolfsii AND GROWTH OF CHILLI UNDER PEATLANDS AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

This study was conducted to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma sp., and vermicompost on the management of Sclerotium rolfsii and chilli plant growth under peatlands agro-climatic conditions. The research was conducted under the laboratory as well field condition of Palangka Raya University in a completely randomized factorial design. As a treatment, four doses of Trichoderma sp. i.e. 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/box, and three doses of Vermicompost i.e. 0, 100, and 200g/ box was used individually and in combination and each treatment have three replications.  Three kilograms of sterilized peat soil planting media were placed in the 36 plastic boxes and Trichoderma sp., and vermicompost was applied 1 week before the chilli seeds are planted. After 10 weeks of plantations, observations related to the disease intensity and chilli growth and yield were recorded. The results of the study revealed a synergistic effect of Trichoderma sp. and vermicompost combination in controlling the stem rot disease caused by S. rolfsii. Individual and combined application of Trichoderma and vermicompost had an effective range of 73.33-100% over the control. Further, among the various tested treatments, a combination of Trichoderma sp @ 5g/box with vermicompost @ 200g/box and individual application of Trichoderma sp @ 10g/box were found superior in the management of stem rot disease. In the case of chilli growth parameters, the results of the study suggested that the application of vermicompost had a significant effect on the chilli plant's growth and yield, while the application of Trichoderma sp. significantly affects the chilli plants number of leaves

PENGARUH STUNTING DAN CARA PENANGGULANGANNYA DI DESA TUMBANG HAKAU

Stunting merupakan sebuah masalah kurang gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya asupan gizi dalam waktu yang cukup lama, hal ini menyebabkan adanya gangguan di masa yang akan datang yakni mengalami kesulitan dalam mencapai perkembangan fisik dan kognitif yang optimal. Anak stunting mempunyai Intelligence Quotient (IQ) lebih rendah dibandingkan rata-rata IQ anak normal. Peran dan kedudukan ibu dalam menjaga kualitas keluarga mencakup aspek pendidikan, kesehatan, ekonomi, sosial budaya, kemandirian keluarga, dan mental spiritual serta nilai-nilai agama yang merupakan dasar untuk mencapai keluarga sejahtera. Pengukuran pada kondisi Stunting menggunakan pengukuran status gizi secara langsung menggunakan penilaian antropometri. Salah satu pencegahan Stunting melalui edukasi pada ibu dalam perubahan perilaku peningkatan kesehatan dan gizi keluarga. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh stunting dan cara penanggulannya di Desa Tumbang Haka

Multi organ assessment of compensated cirrhosis patients using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging

Background and Aims: Advancing liver disease results in deleterious changes in a number of critical organs. The ability to measure structure, blood flow and tissue perfusion within multiple organs in a single scan has implications for determining the balance of benefit versus harm for therapies. Our aim was to establish the feasibility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assess changes in compensated cirrhosis (CC), and relate this to disease severity and future liver related outcomes (LROs). Methods: 60 CC patients, 40 healthy volunteers and 7 decompensated cirrhotics were recruited. In a single scan session, MRI measures comprised phase-contrast MRI vessel blood flow, arterial spin labelling tissue perfusion, T1 longitudinal relaxation time and volume assessment of liver, spleen and kidneys, heart rate and cardiac index. We explore MRI parameters with disease severity and differences in baseline MRI parameters in those 11 (18%) of CC patients who had future LROs. Results: In the liver compositional changes were reflected by increased T1 in progressive disease (p<0.001) and an increase in liver volume in CC (p=0.006), with associated progressive reduction in liver (p < 0.001) and splenic (p<0.001) perfusion. A significant reduction in renal cortex T1 and increase in cardiac index and superior mesenteric arterial (SMA) blood flow was seen with increasing disease severity. Baseline liver T1 (p=0.01) and perfusion (p< 0.01), and renal cortex T1 (p<0.01) were significantly different in CC patients who subsequently developed negative LROs. Conclusions: MRI allows the contemporaneous assessment of organs in liver cirrhosis in a single scan without the requirement of contrast agent. MRI parameters of liver T1, renal T1, hepatic and splenic perfusion, and SMA blood flow were related to risk of LROs

Electrophysiological identification of glucose-sensing neurons in rat nodose ganglia

The vagal afferent system is strategically positioned to mediate rapid changes in motility and satiety in response to systemic glucose levels. In the present study we aimed to identify glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons in nodose ganglia and characterize their glucose-sensing properties. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in vagal afferent neurons isolated from rat nodose ganglia demonstrated that 31/118 (26%) neurons were depolarized after increasing extracellular glucose from 5 to 15 m m ; 19/118 (16%) were hyperpolarized, and 68/118 were non-responsive. A higher incidence of excitatory response to glucose occurred in gastric- than in portal vein-projecting neurons, the latter having a higher incidence of inhibitory response. In glucose-excited neurons, elevated glucose evoked membrane depolarization (11 mV) and an increase in membrane input resistance (361 to 437 MΩ). Current reversed at −99 mV. In glucose-inhibited neurons, membrane hyperpolarization (−13 mV) was associated with decreased membrane input resistance (383 to 293 MΩ). Current reversed at −97 mV. Superfusion of tolbutamide, a K ATP channel sulfonylurea receptor blocker, elicited identical glucose-excitatory but not glucose-inhibitory responses. Kir6.2 shRNA transfection abolished glucose-excited but not glucose-inhibited responses. Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) depletion using wortmannin increased the fraction of glucose-excited neurons from 26% to 80%. These results show that rat nodose ganglia have glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons, differentially distributed among gastric- and portal vein-projecting nodose neurons. In glucose-excited neurons, glucose metabolism leads to K ATP channel closure, triggering membrane depolarization, whereas in glucose-inhibited neurons, the inhibitory effect of elevated glucose is mediated by an ATP-independent K + channel. The results also show that PIP 2 can determine the excitability of glucose-excited neurons.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78667/1/jphysiol.2009.182147.pd

Lymphatic marker podoplanin/D2-40 in human advanced cirrhotic liver- Re-evaluations of microlymphatic abnormalities

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>From the morphological appearance, it was impossible to distinguish terminal portal venules from small lymphatic vessels in the portal tract even using histochemical microscopic techniques. Recently, D2-40 was found to be expressed at a high level in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). This study was undertaken to elucidate hepatic lymphatic vessels during progression of cirrhosis by examining the expression of D2-40 in LECs.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Surgical wedge biopsy specimens were obtained from non-cirrhotic portions of human livers (normal control) and from cirrhotic livers (LC) (Child A-LC and Child C-LC). Immunohistochemical (IHC), Western blot, and immunoelectron microscopic studies were conducted using D2-40 as markers for lymphatic vessels, as well as CD34 for capillary blood vessels.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Imunostaining of D2-40 produced a strong reaction in lymphatic vessels only, especially in Child C-LC. It was possible to distinguish the portal venules from the small lymphatic vessels using D-40. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed strong D2-40 expression along the luminal and abluminal portions of the cell membrane of LECs in Child C-LC tissue.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It is possible to distinguish portal venules from small lymphatic vessels using D2-40 as marker. D2-40- labeling in lymphatic capillary endothelial cells is related to the degree of fibrosis in cirrhotic liver.</p