Determinants of Data Use for Effective Healthcare Service Delivery Among Health Workers at Selected Hospitals in Tanzania.

For serious evidence-based decision making and effective targeting of health interventions, a high-performance health management information system (HMIS) is crucial. This study's objective was to data use for effective healthcare service delivery among health workers how certain Tanzania health facilities use data from the Health Management Information System when making decisions. The total sample size was estimated using the sample size statistical technique, which resulted in a sample size of 140 health workers. Data collected using a four -level questionnaire with semi-structured questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics where frequency tables were generated thematically. Findings show that all respondents indicated that motivation for collecting and using data depends highly on behavioural factors of the healthcare workers. The research findings also showed that 60% of the respondent reported. In contrast, 40% reported not having technical factors on data utilization for decision-making, while 40% reported not having the skills. The organizational factors on the utilization of data for decision-making results show that 77.1% were habitually analysing data for their effective utilization in decision-making. This study provided valuable data on the level of the routine health information, determinants that influenced data use and the difficulty facing health care workers on using routine data was paramount highlighted such as behavioural, technical and vii organization determinants to analyse and use health management information to making evidence-based decisions Keywords: Data, Data Use, Healthcare, Service Delivery, Health Workers and Hospital

The Jabal Akhdar Dome in the Oman Mountains : evolution of a dynamic fracture system

Acknowledgments: This study was carried out within the framework of DGMK (German Society for Petroleum and Coal Science and Technology) research project 718 “Mineral Vein Dynamics Modelling,” which is funded by the companies ExxonMobil Production Deutschland GmbH, GDF SUEZ E&P Deutschland GmbH, RWE Dea AG and Wintershall Holding GmbH, within the basic research program of the WEG Wirtschaftsverband Erdo¨l- und Erdgasgewinnung e.V. We thank the companies for their financial support and their permission to publish these results. The German University of Technology in Oman (GU-Tech) is acknowledged for its logistic support. We gratefully acknowledge the reviewers Andrea Billi and Jean-Paul Breton, whose constructive reviews greatly improved the manuscriptPeer reviewedPreprin

Gold- or Silver-Catalyzed Syntheses of Pyrones and Pyridine Derivatives: Mechanistic and Synthetic Aspects

3-Oxo-5-alkynoic acid esters, on treatment with a carbophilic catalyst, undergo 6-endo-dig cyclization reactions to furnish either 2-pyrones or 4-pyrones in high yields. The regiochemical course can be dialed in by the proper choice of the alcohol part of the ester and the π-acid. This transformation is compatible with a variety of acid-sensitive groups as witnessed by a number of exigent applications to the total synthesis of natural products, including pseudopyronine A, hispidine, phellinin A, the radininol family, neurymenolide, violapyrone, wailupemycin and an unnamed brominated 4-pyrone of marine origin. Although the reaction proceeds well in neutral medium, the rate is largely increased when HOAc is used as solvent or co-solvent, which is thought to favor the protodeauration of the reactive alkenyl-gold intermediates as the likely rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle. Such intermediates are prone to undergo diauration as an off-cycle event that sequesters the catalyst; this notion is consistent with literature data and supported by the isolation of the gem-diaurated complexes 12 and 15. Furthermore, silver catalysis allowed access to be gained to 2-alkoxypyridine and 2-alkoxyisoquinoline derivatives starting from readily available imidate precursors

Total Syntheses of Amphidinolide H and G

Eureka! The first conquest of the exceptionally potent cytotoxic agent amphidinolide H, which exhibits activity in the picomolar range against human epidermoid cancer cells, was long overdue. The successful route critically hinges upon the scrupulous optimization of the fragment-coupling events (see picture; RCM=ring-closing metathesis) and on the careful adjustment of the peripheral protecting-group pattern

Total Syntheses of Amphidinolides B1, B4, G1, H1 and Structure Revision of Amphidinolide H2

Nature is a pretty unselective “chemist” when it comes to making the highly cytotoxic amphidinolide macrolides of the B/G/H series. To date, 16 different such compounds have been isolated, all of which could now be approached by a highly convergent and largely catalysis-based route (see figure). This notion is exemplified by the total synthesis of five prototype members of this family. Dinoflagellates of the genus Amphidinium produce a “library” of closely related secondary metabolites of mixed polyketide origin, which are extremely scarce but highly promising owing to the exceptional cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. Because of the dense array of sensitive functionalities on their largely conserved macrocyclic frame, however, these amphidinolides of the B, D, G and H types elapsed many previous attempts at their synthesis. Described herein is a robust, convergent and hence general blueprint which allowed not only to conquest five prototype members of these series, but also holds the promise of making “non-natural” analogues available by diverted total synthesis. This notion transpires for a synthesis-driven structure revision of amphidinolide H2. The successful route hinges upon a highly productive Stille–Migita cross-coupling reaction at the congested and chemically labile 1,3-diene site present in all such targets, which required the development of a modified chloride- and fluoride-free protocol. The macrocyclic ring could be formed with high efficiency and selectivity by ring-closing metathesis (RCM) engaging a vinyl epoxide unit as one of the reaction partners. Because of the sensitivity of the targets to oxidizing and reducing conditions as well as to pH changes, the proper adjustment of the protecting group pattern for the peripheral -OH functions also constitutes a critical aspect, which has to converge to silyl groups only once the diene is in place. Tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate (TASF) turned out to be a sufficiently mild fluoride source to allow for the final deprotection without damaging the precious macrolides

DESIGN OF A POWERFUL AND PORTABLE MULTIDIRECTIONAL WAVEMA

A new multidirectional wave generator with 72 independent paddles has been designed, fabricated and commissioned at the National Research Council labs in Ottawa, Canada. The wet-back piston-mode machine is installed in a new 50 m long by 30 m wide rectangular wave basin, where water depths can be varied over the range from 0 m up to 1.3 m. The new machine is believed to be unique in the world in that it combines the power and stroke required to generate multidirectional spectral wave conditions with significant wave heights exceeding 0.4 m together with the modularity and ease of portability required to move the machine quickly and safely to new positions. The new machine can also be sub-divided to form several shorter machines if desired. The new wave generator features lightweight, composite materials, energy efficient regenerative power supplies, state-of-the-art software and control systems, including capabilities for active wave absorption (reflection compensation), second-order wave generation for improved generation of nonlinear sub- and super-harmonics, side-wall reflection, and more. The design of this new directional wavemaker is described and several of the more innovative features are highlighted in this paper

Analisis Integrasi Padi Ikan Dalam Perspektif Agro Ekonomi

This study aimed to obtain information integration rice fish viewed from the perspective of agroeconomics. This study is motivated by the growth rate of rice production which likely to decline, decline in soil fertility due to continuous intensification. The method used was a survey method by taking the case of rice - fish farming in Solokan Jeruk District Bandung Regency West Java Province. Purposive sampling is used in this research. The expected benefit is to increase rice production, fish seed supply, income and welfare of farmers and the development of efficient utilization of paddy fields. The results showed the integration of fish rice as seen as agro-economic was positively gave the benefit for both farmers and for agricultural land itself. Keywords: rice, agro-econom

Biochemical fingerprint of colorectal cancer cell lines using label-free live single-cell Raman spectroscopy

Label-free live single-cell Raman spectroscopy was used to obtain a chemical fingerprint of colorectal cancer cells including the classification of the SW480 and SW620 cell line model system, derived from primary and secondary tumour cells from the same patient. High-quality Raman spectra were acquired from hundreds of live cells, showing high reproducibility between experiments. Principal component analysis with linear discriminant analysis yielded the best cell classification, with an accuracy of 98.7±0.3% (standard error) when compared to discrimination trees or support vector machines. SW480 showed higher content of the disordered secondary protein structure amide III band, whereas SW620 showed larger α-helix and β-sheet band content. The SW620 cell line also displayed higher nucleic acid, phosphates, saccharide, and CH2 content. HL60, HT29, HCT116, SW620 and SW480 live single-cell spectra were classified using PCA/LDA with an accuracy of 92.4±0.4% (standard error), showing differences mainly in the β-sheet content, the cytochrome C bands, the CH-stretching regions, the lactate contributions and the DNA content. The lipids contributions above 2900 cm-1 and the lactate contributions at 1785 cm-1 appeared to be dependent on the colorectal adenocarcinoma stage, the advanced stage cell lines showing lower lipid and higher lactate content. The results demonstrate that these cell lines can be distinguished with high confidence, suggesting that Raman spectroscopy on live cells can distinguish between different disease stages, and could play an important role clinically as a diagnostic tool for cell phenotyping

Heterostructures for High Performance Devices

Contains an introduction and reports on ten research projects.Charles S. Draper Laboratory, Contract DL-H-315251Joint Services Electronics Program, Contract DAAL03-89-C-0001National Science Foundation Grant, Grant EET 87-03404MIT FundsInternational Business Machines CorporationNational Science Foundation Grant ECS 84-1317

Heterostructures for Optical Devices

Contains research objectives and reports on eight research projects.Joint Services Electronics Program (Contract DAAL03-86-K-0002)Joint Services Electronics Program (Contract DAALO3-89-C-0001)National Science Foundation (Grant EET 87-03404)Charles Stark Draper Laboratory (Contract DL-H-315251)Xerox Corporation FellowshipMIT Fund