210 research outputs found
Importancia del equilibrio del índice omega-6/omega-3 en el mantenimiento de un buen estado de salud: recomendaciones nutricionales
The modification of dietary patterns has led to a
change in fatty acid consumption, with an increase in the
consumption of -6 fatty acids and a markerd reduction
in the consumption of -3 fatty acids. This in turn has
given rise to an imbalance in the -6/ -3 ratio, which is
now very different from the original 1:1 ratio of
humans in the past.
Given the involvement of -6 and -3 essential fatty
acids in disease processes, the present article examines
changes in dietary patterns that have led to the present
reduction in the consumption of -3 essential fatty
acids, and to study the importance of the -6/ -3 balance
in maintaining good health. In addition, an assesement
is made of the established recommendations for
preventing a poor intake of -3 essential fatty acids,
and the possible options for compensating the lack of
these fatty acids in the dietLa modificación de los hábitos alimentarios ha llevado
a un cambio en el consumo de ácidos grasos, con una
aumento de los ácidos grasos -6 y una marcada reducción
en el consumo de los ácidos grasos -3. Esto a su vez
ha dado lugar a un desequilibrio en la relación -6/ -3,
muy diferente de la proporción original 1:1 que tenían los
seres humanos en el pasado.
Dada la importancia de la relación entre los ácidos grasos
esenciales -6 y -3 en el desarrollo de diferentes enfermedades,
en el presente artículo se examinan los cambios en los
hábitos alimentarios que han llevado a la reducción en el
consumo de ácidos grasos esenciales -3, y se estudia la
importancia de este equilibrio en el mantenimiento de la
salud. Además, se realiza una evaluación de las recomendaciones
establecidas para prevenir una deficiencia en la
ingesta de ácidos grasos esenciales -3, y las posibles opciones
para compensar la falta de esos ácidos grasos en la diet
Hormonal an inflammatory biomarkers in a group of overweight and obese women
Introducción y Objetivos: Recientemente se ha descubierto
que la obesidad es una patología caracterizada por
un estado crónico de inflamación leve. El objetivo de este
estudio fue describir la situación hormonal e inflamatoria
de un colectivo de mujeres con sobrepeso/obesidad.
Pacientes y métodos: se incluyeron mujeres > 18 años, con
IMC ≥ 25 < 40 kg/m2. Se recogieron datos socio-sanitarios,
presión arterial, parámetros antropométricos, de actividad
física, estudio bioquímico, hormonal e inflamatorio para
determinar la situación hormonal e inflamatoria de un
colectivo de mujeres antes del inicio de un tratamiento para
el control de peso corporal.
Resultados: participaron 104 mujeres con edad media de
48,4 ± 9 años y un IMC de 29,8 ± 3,5 kg/m2. Un 48% de las
mujeres estudiadas se encontraba en etapa de menopausia.
Un 8,9% presentó hiperinsulinemia. El valor medio obtenido
de grhelina fue 38,8 ± 33,6 pg/ml, no se encontró correlación
entre sus concentraciones y las variables antropométricas y
bioquímicas estudiadas. Los valores medios de PCR, leptina,
adiponectina, resistina, IL 6, IL 10 y PAI 1 fueron 3,0 ± 2,7
mg/dl, 36,3 ± 19,5 ng/ml, 8,3 ± 4,5 μg/ml, 24,3 ± 23,2 ng/ml, 51,6
± 93,6 pg/ml, 10,0 ± 34,2 pg/ml y 22,3 ± 30,6 ng/ml, respectivamente.
Estas concentraciones correlacionaron significativamente
con diferentes variables antropométricas y bioquímicas,
sin embargo, estas correlaciones fueron débiles. Variables
como la edad y presencia o no de menopausia o la práctica de
actividad física de forma regular no influyeron en los valores
medios obtenidos. Las pacientes con obesidad tuvieron valores
medios significativamente más elevados que aquellas con
sobrepeso, aunque sólo en el caso de la resistina y PAI 1.
Conclusión: El grupo de mujeres estudiadas presentó
cifras de adipoquinas alteradas en relación a otros estudios
realizados en población con situación nutricional normal.
Esto pone en evidencia la situación inflamatoria presente en
estos pacientes y los valores obtenidos pueden contribuir a
establecer unos rangos normalizados de estos marcadores
para el colectivo de personas con sobrepeso y obesidadBackground and objectives: The aim of this study was
to describe the hormonal and inflammatory status of a
group of overweight/obese women.
Patients and methods: The sample studied was a crosssectional
cohort of women > 18 years of age, BMI ≥ 25 <
40 kg/m2, prior to starting a weight control program. Data
collected were: demographic characteristics, blood pressure,
anthropometric parameters, physical activity data,
and biochemical, hormonal and inflammatory biomarkers.
Results: The study involved 104 women with a mean
age of 48.4 ± 9 years and a BMI of 29.8 ± 3.5 kg/m2. Some
48% of the women studied were in menopause. Some
8.9% had hyperinsulinemia. The mean ghrelin value was
38.8 ± 33.6 pg/ml; there was no correlation between ghrelin
levels and anthropometric and biochemical variables.
CRP, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, IL6, IL10, and PAI1
were 3.0 ± 2.7 mg/dl, 36.3 ± 19.5 ng/ml, 8.3 ± 4.5 mg/ml,
24.3 ± 23.2 ng/ml, 51.6 ± 93.6 pg/ml, 10.0 ± 34.2 pg/ml and
22.3 ± 30.6 ng/ml, respectively. Obese patients had significantly
higher mean values of resistin and PAI 1 than those
who were overweight. These levels correlated significantly
with anthropometric and biochemical variables;
however, the correlations were weak. Age, menopause or
the regular practice of physical activity had no effect on
mean values.
Conclusions: The group of women studied had altered
inflammatory biomarkers in relation to people of normal
weight. The study shows the inflammatory status of overweight/
obese individuals, and the values obtained may
help to establish standard ranges for these markersEste trabajo ha sido posible gracias a un proyecto de
investigación obtenido por concurso y subvencionado
por la campaña “Pan cada día” promovida por el
Comité Científico del Pan y el Incerhpan (Interprofesional
Agroalimentaria de la cadena Cereales-Harina-
Pan
Marine forests of the Mediterranean-Atlantic Cystoseira tamariscifolia complex show a southern Iberian genetic hotspot and no reproductive isolation in parapatry
Climate-driven range-shifts create evolutionary opportunities for allopatric divergence and subsequent contact, leading to genetic structuration and hybrid zones. We investigate how these processes influenced the evolution of a complex of three closely related Cystoseira spp., which are a key component of the Mediterranean-Atlantic seaweed forests that are undergoing population declines. The C. tamariscifolia complex, composed of C. tamariscifolia s.s., C. amentacea and C. mediterranea, have indistinct boundaries and natural hybridization is suspected. Our aims are to (1) infer the genetic structure and diversity of these species throughout their distribution ranges using microsatellite markers to identify ancient versus recent geographical populations, contact zones and reproductive barriers, and (2) hindcast past distributions using niche models to investigate the influence of past range shifts on genetic divergence at multiple spatial scales. Results supported a single, morphologically plastic species the genetic structure of which was incongruent with a priori species assignments. The low diversity and low singularity in northern European populations suggest recent colonization after the LGM. The southern Iberian genetic hotspot most likely results from the role of this area as a climatic refugium or a secondary contact zone between differentiated populations or both. We hypothesize that life-history traits (selfing, low dispersal) and prior colonization effects, rather than reproductive barriers, might explain the observed genetic discontinuities.Pew Charitable Trusts (USA); MARINERA, Spain [CTM2008-04183-E/MAR]; FCT (Portugal) [FCT-BIODIVERSA/004/2015, CCMAR/Multi/04326/2013, SFRH/BPD/107878/2015, SFRH/BPD/85040/2012]; FPU fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of Education; European Community ASSEMBLE visiting grant [00399/2012]; University of Cadi
Eficacia de un programa para el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad no mórbida en atención primaria y su influencia en la modificación de estilos de vida
Introducción y Objetivos: la modificación de conductas
no saludables es fundamental para tratar la obesidad. El
objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de un
programa basado en dieta, ejercicio y apoyo psicológico
en la modificación conductual de pacientes con sobrepeso
y obesidad tratados en Atención Primaria.
Métodos: 60 pacientes con sobrepeso grado II y
obesidad grado I-II fueron incluidos en este ensayo piloto.
Edad entre 18-50 años. Los pacientes recibieron un
programa que combinaba educación nutricional, actividad
física y apoyo psicológico. Formato grupal, periodicidad
quincenal. Los principales resultados medidos al
inicio y 6 meses fueron parámetros antropométricos
(índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de masa grasa, perímetro
cintura) y de estilos de vida usando el Cuestionario
para la valoración de hábitos de vida relacionados con el
sobrepeso y la obesidad. Consta de 5 dimensiones: contenido
calórico de la dieta (CC), alimentación saludable
(AS), ejercicio físico (EF), comer por bienestar psicológico
(BP) y consumo de alcohol (CA). La mayor puntuación
indica mejores hábitos para CC, AS y EF y peores
para BP y CA.
Resultados: al final de la intervención mejoraron las
escalas CC (2,60± 0,5 vs 3,49± 0,7, p<0,001), EF (2,19± 0,9
vs 3,17± 1,0, p<0,001) y AS (3,04± 0,4 vs 3,43± 0,4, p<0,05)
del cuestionario; CA (3,98± 0,7 vs. 4,25± 0,7, p<0,05) y BP
(2,82± 1,0 vs. 3,34± 0,7, p<0,001) empeoraron.
Conclusión: el programa basado en moderada restricción
de la dieta, aumento de actividad física y apoyo psicológico
puede mejorar parámetros antropométricos y
estilos de vida en pacientes obesos tratados en un centro
de Atención PrimariaBackground: Lifestyle intervention is fundamental for
obesity treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
effects of a program focused on diet, exercise and psychological
support on Lifestyle Modification in overweight and
obese patients treated in Primary Health Care setting.
Methods: 60 patients with grade II overweight and
non-morbid grade I-II obesity were included in this pilot
clinical trial. Ages ranged from18 to 50 years. They were
provided with a program combining nutritional education,
physical activity and psychological support.
Subjects attended group sessions every 2 weeks. The main
outcome measures at baseline and 6 months were body
composition parameters (BMI, body fat percentage, waist
circumference) and lifestyle intervention using the Questionnaire
for the assessment of overweight and obesity
related lifestyles at baseline and six months. This questionnaire
yields an five dimensions: diet caloric intake
(CC), healthy eating (AS), physical activity (EF), searching
for psychological well-being eating (BP) and
alcohol intake (CA). The higher score indicates better
lifestyles for CC, AS, EF and worse for BP y CA.
Results: At the end of the intervention the program
achieved improvements in Questionnaire related
lifestyles subscales: CC (2,60± 0,5 vs. 3,49± 0,7, p<0,001),
EF (2,19± 0,9 vs. 3,17± 1,0, p<0,001) and AS (3,04± 0,4 vs.
3,43± 0,4, p<0,05); CA (3,98± 0,7 vs. 4,25± 0,7, p<0,05)
and BP (2,82± 1,0 vs. 3,34± 0,7, p<0,001) has got worse.
Conclusion: The Program focused on balanced and
moderate energy-restricted diets, increased physical activity
and psychological support may improve the anthropometric
parameters and the Lifestyle intervention in
obese patients treated in a primary healthcare center.Este proyecto ha sido becado por el Ministerio de
Ciencia e Innovación, a través del Instituto de Salud
Carlos III y la Subdirección General de Evaluación y
Fomento de la Investigación, en el marco del «Subprograma
de Proyectos de Investigación de Evaluación de
Tecnologías Sanitarias e Investigación en servicios de
salud». Convocatoria 2008 de ayudas de la Acción
Estratégica en Salud, en el marco del Plan Nacional de
I+D+I 2008-2011 (PI08/90357). Y por la Fundación
MAPFRE, a través del programa de Ayudas a la Investigación
(2009
Effect of different exercise modalities plus a hypocaloric diet on inflammation markers in overweight patients
Summary Background & aims
Inflammation markers (IM) have been associated with the development of chronic diseases. This study compares the effects on IM of three exercise programs combined with a hypocaloric diet.
Methods 119 overweight participants (73 women, 46 men) aged 18–50 years were randomised into four treatment groups: strength training (S; n = 30), endurance training (E; n = 30), combined S + E (SE; n = 30), and a diet and physical activity recommendations group (D; n = 29). Energy intake, anthropometric variables (AV), training variables (VO2peak, strength index, dynamometric strength index [DSI]) and plasma IM were recorded at baseline and after 22 weeks of treatment.
Results 84 participants completed the study. At 22 weeks, all groups showed a significantly reduced energy intake (P < 0.001) and improved AV (P < 0.001). VO2peak significantly increased in all groups (P < 0.01). DSI increased in the exercise groups only (P < 0.05). Plasma leptin fell significantly (P < 0.001) in the S and E groups, but not significantly in the SE group (P = 0.029) (no significant differences between these groups). Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations decreased in all groups when examined together, but not when examined separately. No significant differences were seen in interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Conclusions Combining strength or endurance training with a hypocaloric diet improved AV and reduced plasma leptin concentrations. No differences were seen between groups in terms of TNF-α, IL-6 or CRP reduction. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT01116856. http://clinicaltrials.gov/
Nutritional composition assessment of 3000 individualized parenteral nutrition bags in a tertiary referral hospital: Current prescribing patterns
Individualized parenteral nutrition is the most specialized type of nutritional support in the hospital setting. The composition and prescribing patterns for parenteral nutrition have evolved due to new emerging scientific evidence. In the last few years, there has been a tendency to increase the nitrogen and lipid content and decrease the carbohydrate content. To assess the prescribing pattern in a tertiary referral hospital in Spain, the nutritional composition of individualized parenteral nutrition was evaluated retrospectively from January to December of 2016. A total of 3029 parenteral nutrition units were analysed, corresponding to 257 hospitalized adult patients. Medical specialists in General Surgery and Haematology were the most common petitioners. The three most frequently prescribed parenteral nutrition formulae contained 13.4 (28.8%), 15.7 (19.54%) and 17.9 (17.79%) g of nitrogen. The quantity of carbohydrates and lipids showed a mean non-protein calories-to-nitrogen ratio of approximately 78:1 and a carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio that was near 50:50 in most cases. These results suggest a trend towards the administration of parenteral nutrition with a high content of nitrogen and smaller proportion of the non-protein components
Regular consumption of LIPIGO® promotes the reduction of body weight and improves the rebound effect of obese people undergo a comprehensive weight loss program
Obesity is a global public health problem. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the regular consumption of the product Lipigo® on body weight and rebound effect on overweight/obese subjects undergoing a comprehensive weight loss program. Methods: A randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with male and female subjects presenting a BMI 25–39.9 kg/m . All subjects underwent a comprehensive weight loss program (WLP) for 12 weeks, which included an individualized hypocaloric diet, physical activity recommendations, nutritional education seminars, and three times a day consumption of the product Lipigo® or Placebo. After-WLP, subjects continued the treatment for 9 months to assess rebound effect. Body weight (BW), BMI, and body composition were measured at the beginning and the end of the WLP, and in the follow-up. Results: A total of 120 subjects (85% women) 49.0 ± 9.5 years old and with a BW of 81.57 ± 13.26 kg (BMI 31.19 ± 3.44 kg/m ) were randomized and 73 subjects finished the study. At the end of the WLP, there was a tendency toward reduced BW (p = 0.093), BMI (p = 0.063), and WC (p = 0.059) in the treated group. However, subjects with obesity type 1 (OB1) from the treated group significantly reduced body weight (−5.27 ± 2.75 vs. −3.08 ± 1.73 kg; p = 0.017) and BMI (−1.99 ± 1.08 vs. −1.09 ± 0.55 kg/m ; p = 0.01) compared with placebo. They also presented a minor rebound effect after 9 months with product consumption (−4.19 ± 3.61 vs. −1.44 ± 2.51 kg; p = 0.026), minor BMI (−1.61 ± 1.43 vs. −0.52 ± 0.96 kg/m ; p = 0.025) and tended to have less fat-mass (−3.44 ± 2.46 vs. −1.44 ± 3.29 kg; p = 0.080) compared with placebo. Conclusions: The regular consumption of the product Lipigo® promotes the reduction of body weight and reduces the rebound effect of obese people after 52 weeks (12 months), mainly in obesity type 1, who undergo a comprehensive weight loss program. 2 2 2 2This study was supported by the DAMM S.A. group through the project RTC-2016-5317-1 from the RETOS COLABORACIÓN 2016 program of Economy and Competitiveness Ministry of Spain (MINECO
Carbon nanodot–based electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor for miRNA-21 detection
A simple carbon nanodot–based electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor is described for sensitive and selective detection of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21), a biomarker of several pathologies including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The photoluminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) were obtained using a new synthesis method, simply by treating tiger nut milk in a microwave reactor. The synthesis is environmentally friendly, simple, and efficient. The optical properties and morphological characteristics of the CNDs were exhaustively investigated, confirming that they have oxygen and nitrogen functional groups on their surfaces and exhibit excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, as well as photostability. They act as co-reactant agents in the anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of [Ru(bpy)3]2+, producing different signals for the probe (single-stranded DNA) and the hybridized target (double-stranded DNA). These results paved the way for the development of a sensitive ECL biosensor for the detection of miRNA-21. This was developed by immobilization of a thiolated oligonucleotide, fully complementary to the miRNA-21 sequence, on the disposable gold electrode. The target miRNA-21 was hybridized with the probe on the electrode surface, and the hybridization was detected by the enhancement of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/DNA ECL signal using CNDs. The biosensor shows a linear response to miRNA-21 concentration up to 100.0 pM with a detection limit of 0.721 fM. The method does not require complex labeling steps, and has a rapid response. It was successfully used to detect miRNA-21 directly in serum samples from heart failure patients without previous RNA extraction neither amplification processThis study is funded by the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) projects (TRANSNANOAVANSENS, S2018/NMT-4349, CAM/B2017/BMD-3686) and Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Spanish Government) projects: CTQ2015-71955-REDT (ELECTROBIONET), CTQ2014-53334-C2-1-R and PID2020-116728RB-I0
Can the exercise mode determine lipid profile improvements in obese patients?
Influencia del modo de ejercicio sobre el perfil lipídic
Predictor variables for low adherence to a lifestyle modification program of overweight treatment in primary health care
Objetivos: Identificar variables predictoras de baja
adherencia a un programa piloto de Modificación de
Estilos de Vida (MEV) para el tratamiento del exceso de
peso en Atención Primaria (AP).
Material y métodos: Se reclutaron 60 sujetos con IMC >
27 kg/m². Profesionales sanitarios dirigieron el programa,
en formato grupal y con una periodicidad quincenal,
basado en educación nutricional, pautas dietéticas individualizadas,
promoción de actividad física y apoyo motivacional.
Para identificar las variables relacionadas con la
adherencia al programa se utilizó un cuestionario validado
sobre Hábitos de Vida de personas con Sobrepeso y
Obesidad y se midieron variables antropométricas al inicio
y a los seis meses del tratamiento. Una baja adherencia al
programa fue considerada cuando los sujetos del estudio
acudían a menos del 80% de las visitas quincenales.
Resultados: Se adhirieron al programa 27 sujetos (45%).
Las variables asociadas a baja adherencia estuvieron relacionadas
al inicio del estudio con IMC ≥ 35 kg/m2 (p < 0,05);
período de exfumador ≤ 4 meses (p < 0,01); mayor contenido
calórico de la dieta (p < 0,01) y menor práctica de ejercicio
físico (p < 0,05). A los 6 meses los sujetos que finalizaron el
programa presentaron una disminución significativa de:
peso (86,0 ± 15,6 vs 79,2 ± 13,4 kg; p < 0,001);% de masa
grasa (41,6 ± 4,6 vs 38,8 ± 5,4%; p < 0,001) y glucemia (108
± 45,48 vs 94,38 ± 11,97 mg/dl; p < 0,01). Además mejoró el
perfil calórico de su dieta, disminuyendo sobretodo el
porcentaje de grasa sobre el valor calórico total (39,6 ± 4,8
vs. 35,5 ± 5,6%; p < 0,01).
Conclusión: Haber dejado de fumar recientemente,
padecer obesidad de grado dos o superior, el alto contenido
calórico de la dieta y la menor práctica de ejercicio
físico fueron las variables basales identificadas como
predictoras de una baja adherencia a un programa de
MEV para el tratamiento de sobrepeso y obesidad en AP.
Esta experiencia piloto una vez evaluada no la consideramos
satisfactoria y otras nuevas estrategias están en
fase de desarrolloObjectives: To identify predictive variables of low
adherence to a pilot Lifestyle Modification Program
(LMP) for overweight and obesity treatment in primary
health care (PC ).
Material and methods: Sixty subjects with BMI > 27
kg/m² were recruited. Health professionals directed the
program in a group structure and biweekly, based on
nutrition education with individualized dietary guidelines,
promotion of physical activity and motivational
support. A validated questionnaire on lifestyle habits for
overweight and obesity subjects was used to identify variables
related with program adherence and anthropometric
variables were measured before and 6 months
after intervention. Low adherence was considered when
patients attended to less than 80% of visits.
Results: Twenty-seven subjects (45%) presented high
adherence to the program. The variables associated to low
adherence were related to baseline with IMC ≥ 35 kg/m2 (p
< 0.05); ex smoker period ≤ 4 months (p < 0.01); high caloric
diet (p < 0.01) and scarce physical activity (p < 0.05). At 6
months the subjects who finalized the program presented a
significant decrease of weight (86.0 ± 15.6 vs 79.2 ± 13.4 kg;
p < 0,001); fat mass percentage (41,6 ± 4,6 vs 38.8 ± 5,4%; p
< 0.001), blood glucose (108 ± 45.48 vs 94.38 ± 11.97 mg/dl; p
< 0.01). It also improved caloric diet profile, above all
decreasing the percentage of fat (39.6 ± 4.8 vs 35.5 ±
5.6%; p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Have recently left smoking, obesity degree
two or higher, a high caloric diet and scarce physical
activity were basal variables identified as predictive of a
low adhesion to a LMP for the treatment of overweight
and obesity in primary health care. We do not consider
this pilot experience as satisfactory and other new strategies
are under developmentEste proyecto ha sido subvencionado a través del
“Subprograma de Proyectos de Investigación de
Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias e Investigación
en servicios de salud” de la convocatoria 2008 de
ayudas de la Acción Estratégica en Salud, en el marco
del Plan Nacional de I+D+I 2008-201
- …