Number of teeth lost on diet quality and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objectives: To describe the oral health profile and evaluate the impact of tooth loss on diet quality and glycemic control among 66 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treated in an endocrinology outpatient clinic at a teaching hospital. Materials and methods: Questionnaires about diabetes self-care (SDSCA), masticatory ability, diet quality, anxiety level about dental treatment, and oral health were applied. Laboratory tests were retrieved from medical records or newly collected samples. Results: The presence of fewer than 21 teeth was associated with an unsatisfactory self-perceived masticatory ability (r = 0.44; p = 0.007). Most participants reported not having received guidance on oral health from their endocrinologists (81.8%) and having had the last visit to the dentist 2 years or more before the study (36.8%). The mean HbA1c level in the group with fewer than 21 teeth was comparable to that in the group with functional dentition (8.9 ± 1.5 and 8.7 ± 1.6%, respectively; p = 0.60). Conclusion: Adults with T2DM have a high prevalence of tooth loss and lack of information about oral hygiene care. Our results reinforce the need for more effective communication between medical and dental care teams

Professores que resistiram à pandemia estão sofrendo com o desgaste e a falta de qualidade de vida

Com a Pandemia que iniciou em 2020 e se estende até os dias de hoje, professores passaram e estão passando por desafios desgastantes e desconhecidos. Tudo iniciou quando o vírus chamado Covid-19 se espalhou pelo mundo todo, trazendo junto com ele medo, insegurança e muitas incertezas. Os professores, mais uma vez, foram em busca de conhecimento e adaptações. Buscaram recursos, gravaram vídeos, mandaram aulas pelo celular, organizaram encontros on-line e até aulas on-line. O retorno presencial foi algo esperado, porém desgastante. Retorna, não retorna. Organiza aulas para alunos presenciais e para alunos que não retornaram. Usa máscara, não usa máscara. Muitas perguntas e incertezas que trouxeram à docência uma novidade a cada dia. [...

Does the irrigated mango cultivation in the semiarid change the Physical and chemical attributes of the soil?

The replacement of native vegetation by crops may result in changes in the chemical and physical attributes of the soil, preventing the sustainability of the agricultural production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in two consecutive years (2014 and 2015), the effect of irrigated mango cultivation in some physical and chemical attributes of the soil in relation to Caatinga in Petrolina-PE, Brazil. In areas under irrigated mango (under the canopy region and the row spacing) and Caatinga (taken as reference), soil samples were collected at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. The chemical and physical analyzes were performed, and were calculated bases sum (BS), cations exchangeable capacity (CEC) and base saturation (V, %). The irrigate mango cultivation (canopy region) increased the macronutrients content (P, K, Ca and Mg), BS and V (%) for both evaluated years at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. In soil under irrigated mango cultivation (under the canopy region and in the row spacing), the macronutrient contents presented a stochastic pattern in the years of 2014 and 2015. The change of land use, from Caatinga to irrigated mango cultivation, does not induce a negative impact in the soil chemical attributes under the adopted management conditions.The replacement of native vegetation by crops may result in changes in the chemical and physical attributes of the soil, preventing the sustainability of the agricultural production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in two consecutive years (2014 and 2015), the effect of irrigated mango cultivation in some physical and chemical attributes of the soil in relation to Caatinga in Petrolina-PE, Brazil. In areas under irrigated mango (under the canopy region and the row spacing) and Caatinga (taken as reference), soil samples were collected at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. The chemical and physical analyzes were performed, and were calculated bases sum (BS), cations exchangeable capacity (CEC) and base saturation (V, %). The irrigate mango cultivation (canopy region) increased the macronutrients content (P, K, Ca and Mg), BS and V (%) for both evaluated years at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. In soil under irrigated mango cultivation (under the canopy region and in the row spacing), the macronutrient contents presented a stochastic pattern in the years of 2014 and 2015. The change of land use, from Caatinga to irrigated mango cultivation, does not induce a negative impact in the soil chemical attributes under the adopted management conditions

CARDIOPATIA FETAL: AS MALFORMAÇÕES CARDÍACAS UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Fetal heart disease, a condition that affects the cardiovascular development of the fetus, can result in significant intrauterine functional impairment. The complexity of these conditions can affect not only the cardiovascular system, but also influence fetal growth and the function of other organs. Therefore, the importance of continuous monitoring during pregnancy aims to early detect possible changes in blood flow and oxygenation in the fetus. Furthermore, it highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach, involving pediatric cardiologists, obstetricians, and neonatologists, to optimize neonatal management and outcomes. Objectives: Analyze the types of heart disease and their implications for the cardiovascular system, highlighting the different types of congenital malformations in the cardiovascular system. Methodology: This is descriptive research of the narrative literature review type, which sought to highlight the types of heart diseases and their congenital malformations in the intrauterine fetus and presenting the fetal diagnosis through fetal echocardiography. The research was carried out through online access to the National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) databases in December 2023. Results and Discussions: Congenital heart disease affects around 40% of fetuses, being one of the most common malformations and considered to have the highest mortality rate. For the diagnosis used for this pathology, fetal echocardiography plays a fundamental role in the early detection of these malformations, allowing a detailed evaluation of the cardiac anatomy. Among the frequent heart diseases identified are intraventricular communication, atrioventricular septal defect, interatrial communication and patent ductus arteriosus. Each of these conditions has distinct characteristics, from the different affected regions to abnormalities in the valve structures. Conclusion:  Understanding fetal heart disease and its impact on intrauterine functional impairment is a field in constant evolution. Collaboration between researchers and health professionals is essential for improving therapeutic measures and surgical interventions carried out when necessary, improving results for both the fetus and the mother, thus reducing the risk of fetal deathA cardiopatia fetal, uma condição que afeta o desenvolvimento cardiovascular do feto, pode resultar em um significativo comprometimento funcional intrauterino. A complexidade dessas condições pode afetar não apenas o sistema cardiovascular, mas também influenciar o crescimento fetal e a função de outros órgãos. Dessa forma, a importância do monitoramento contínuo durante a gestação, visa detectar precocemente possíveis alterações no fluxo sanguíneo e na oxigenação no feto. Além disso, ressalta a necessidade de uma abordagem multidisciplinar, envolvendo cardiologistas pediátricos, obstetras, e neonatologistas, para otimizar o manejo e os resultados neonatais. Objetivos: Analisar os tipos de cardiopatias e suas implicações no sistema cardiovascular, ressaltando os diferentes tipos das malformações congênitas no sistema cardiovascular. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo revisão narrativa da literatura, que buscou evidenciar os tipos de cardiopatias e suas malformações congênitas no feto intraútero e apresentando o diagnóstico fetal por meio do ecocardiograma fetal.  A pesquisa foi realizada através do acesso online nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) no mês de dezembro de 2023.  Resultados e Discussões: A cardiopatia congênita atinge cerca de 40% dos fetos, sendo uma das malformações de mais frequentes e considerada de maior mortalidade. Para o diagnóstico utilizado para essa patologia, a ecocardiografia fetal desempenha um papel fundamental na detecção precoce dessas malformações, permitido uma avaliação detalhada da anatomia cardíaca. Entre as cardiopatias frequentes identificadas estão a comunicação intraventricular, o defeito do septo atrioventricular, a comunicação interatrial e a persistência do canal arterial.  Cada uma dessas condições apresenta características distintas, desde as diferentes regiões acometidas até as anormalidades nas estruturas das válvulas. Conclusão: A compreensão da cardiopatia fetal e seu impacto do comprometimento funcional intrauterino é um campo em contante evolução. A colaboração entre pesquisadores e profissionais da saúde é essencial para o aprimoramento das medidas terapêuticas e intervenções cirúrgicas realizadas quando necessário, melhorando os resultados tanto para o feto quanto para a mãe, dessa forma diminuindo o risco de morte fetal

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Alcoolismo em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica: uma revisão sistemática: Alcoholism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a systematic review

A Cirurgia bariátrica tem sido uma opção de muitas pessoas que visam superar a obesidade e garantir qualidade de vida e saúde. No entanto, casos de complicações clínicas após operação tem ocorrido, sendo comum a incidência de alcoolismo. Este estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre as causas da incidência de alcoolismo entre pacientes que foram submetidos a cirurgias bariátricas. Para o alcance dessa finalidade, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, selecionando-se fontes das bases de dados Scielo Brasil, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), publicados em língua portuguesa, nos anos de 2017 a 2022. Realizando-se a análise dos dados concluiu-se que o transtorno do uso de álcool em pessoas submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica tem sido recorrente, especialmente entre homens de baixa renda e que fizeram a cirurgia do tipo bypass gástrico. Observou-se também que o consumo de álcool é maior no pós-operatório e que boa parte dos pacientes que se submeteu a esse tipo de cirurgia ignorava o risco de desenvolver o referido transtorno. Em função disso, boa parte dos estudos que integraram esta revisão reconhece a necessidade do acompanhamento, pela equipe de saúde, dos pacientes logo após a cirurgia bariátrica e a adesão desses ao tratamento devido, visando prevenir o transtorno do uso de álcool

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost