Programación fetal de enfermedades expresadas en la etapa adulta

Este estudio revisa algunos factores intrauterinos implicados en el desarrollo del individuo durante la vida fetal y neonatal dando lugar al concepto de “programación fetal” y expresión de enfermedades en la etapa adulta. Se analiza la función de la nutrición materna, la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (factores de riesgo para padecer diabetes mellitus tipo 2, obesidad, cardiopatía coronaria, hipertensión) y los mecanismos epigenéticos que interactúan con la expresión de genes durante el desarrollo, para establecer los puntos de referencia de los procesos fisiológicos que regularán las funciones en el adulto. Abstract: The purpose of the present review is to summarize some of the intrauterine factors implicated on the person’s development during neonatal and fetal life producing the concept of “fetal programming of adult diseases”. This is an analysis of the role of maternal nutrition and intrauterine growth restriction as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, coronary heart disease, hypertension and the epigenetic mechanisms that interact with gene expression during development, establishing the set points of physiological processes that will regulate adult function

Crude Cumulative Incidence in the form of a Horvitz-Thompson like and Kaplan-Meier like Estimator

The link between the nonparametric estimator of the crude cumulative incidence of a competing risk and the Kaplan-Meier estimator is exploited. The equivalence of the nonparametric crude cumulative incidence to an inverse-probability-of-censoring weighted average of the sub-distribution function is proved. The link between the estimation of crude cumulative incidence curves and Gray\u27s family of nonparametric tests is considered. The crude cumulative incidence is proved to be a Kaplan-Meier like estimator based on the sub-distribution hazard, i.e. the quantity on which Gray\u27s family of tests is based. A standard probabilistic formalism is adopted to have a note accessible to applied statisticians

Rapid Implementation of Inpatient Telepalliative Medicine Consultations During COVID-19 Pandemic.

As coronavirus disease 2019 cases increase throughout the country and health care systems grapple with the need to decrease provider exposure and minimize personal protective equipment use while maintaining high-quality patient care, our specialty is called on to consider new methods of delivering inpatient palliative care (PC). Telepalliative medicine has been used to great effect in outpatient and home-based PC but has had fewer applications in the inpatient setting. As we plan for decreased provider availability because of quarantine and redeployment and seek to reach increasingly isolated hospitalized patients in the face of coronavirus disease 2019, the need for telepalliative medicine in the inpatient setting is now clear. We describe our rapid and ongoing implementation of telepalliative medicine consultation for our inpatient PC teams and discuss lessons learned and recommendations for programs considering similar care models

Clinical and genetic aspects of Turner’s syndrome

Turner’s syndrome, or monosomy X, is defined as the total or partial loss of the second sex chromosome. The clinical phenotype is highly variable and includes short stature, gonadal dysgenesis, pterygium colli, cubitus valgus and low hairline. The variable expressivity of height and other physical features may be only partially related to the chromosomal formula. Currently, the delay in the diagnosis of Turner’s syndrome remains a problem, as only 15---30% of patients are diagnosed during their first year of life. Understanding its complex etiology and learning more about its clinical variability and complications will allow us to advance the therapeutic and management approach of such patients. This review summarizes the clinical characteristics of, and diagnostic tests for, Turner’s syndrome and the advances in the study of its underlying genetic factor

Variability in estimated runoff in a forested area based on different cartographic data sources

OBJETIVO DEL ESTUDIO: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las variaciones en los valores de número de curva (CN) producidos por diferentes fuentes de datos cartográficos en una cuenca forestal y determinar cuál de ellos se ajusta mejor a los volúmenes de escorrentía medidos. ÁREA DE ESTUDIO: una cuenca forestal ubicada en el oeste de España. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron cuatro fuentes de datos cartográficos digitales para determinar la escorrentía de CN en la cuenca. RESULTADOS PRINCIPALES: Ninguna de las fuentes cartográficas proporcionó toda la información necesaria para determinar correctamente los valores de CN. Nuestra metodología propuesta, enfocada en la cobertura del dosel del árbol, mejora los resultados obtenidos. HECHOS DESTACADOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN: La estimación del valor de CN en áreas boscosas se debe lograr en función de la cobertura de la copa de los árboles y se deben implementar nuevas tablas calibradas a escala local.AIM OF STUDY: The goal of this study is to analyse variations in curve number (CN) values produced by different cartographic data sources in a forested watershed, and determine which of them best fit with measured runoff volumes. AREA OF STUDY: A forested watershed located in western Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four digital cartographic data sources were used to determine the runoff CN in the watershed. MAIN RESULTS: None of the cartographic sources provided all the information necessary to determine properly the CN values. Our proposed methodology, focused on the tree canopy cover, improves the achieved results. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The estimation of the CN value in forested areas should be attained as a function of tree canopy cover and new calibrated tables should be implemented in a local scale.peerReviewe

Crimes involved in Russias Invasion of Ukraine

The current war in Ukraine began with Russia's invasion on February 24th, 2022. This act is widely regarded as violating the Ukrainian people's right to self-determination. It has also been regarded as an attempt to re-colonise Ukraine and to re-establish a Russian empire in Eastern Europe.This report will focus on Russia's alleged crimes in the war in Ukraine for the purposes of cohesion and to illustrate the multifaceted nature of the alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by Russian forces. The invasion has already culminated in one of the harsher humanitarian crises of the century, where massive violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are at the core of the conflict. There have, however, also been reports of Ukraine's military violating the terms of the third Geneva Convention. Notably, a video emerged in which a Ukrainian soldier appears to kill a Russian soldier who had surrendered. The report will examine tactics reportedly used by Russia's military forces in its assault which violate Ukrainians' rights and are used to exert fear and submission. These include the targeting of civilian areas and infrastructure, the use of torture, rape, and the potential use of chemical weapons.

Aumento de la incidencia de gastrosquisis en un hospital de alta especialidad al norte de México.

Objetivo: Revisar la incidencia de casos de gastrosquisis en el Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González (HU) y analizar las posibles determinantes genéticas o ambientales. Métodos: Se revisó el archivo hospitalario de 1998 a 2008. La edad materna y paterna, evolución postnatal, asociación con otras malformaciones, exposición a teratógenos y otros parámetros fueron registrados de los expedientes localizados. Resultados: De enero de 1998 a diciembre del 2008 el promedio de nacimientos en el HU fue de 4500 por año, con un incremento significativo de madres adolescentes en los últimos cinco años. Durante este período se presentaron 46 casos de gastrosquisis. La tasa de incidencia fue de 11.1/10,000 RNV en el 2004 y 23/10,000 RNV en el 2008. La mortalidad fue del 35%. Solo se obtuvo acceso a 26 expedientes. La edad paterna promedio fue 27.65 (17-49) y la materna de 21.2 años (15 a 40), 61.5% eran adolescentes. Fueron primigestas 65%; cinco refirieron consumo de alcohol y cuatro además tabaco. El 77% tomó ácido fólico preconcepcional. La edad gestacional promedio fue de 37 semanas (32 a 40) y 19% de los neonatos fueron prematuros. Se presentaron malformaciones mayores y menores en el 30% de los casos. El cariotipo en dos casos fue anormal: 46, XY, ins (10) (q11.2) y 46, XX, dup(X) (p22.1) este último presentaba además comunicación interauricular. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de gastrosquisis se ha venido incrementando en el HU (Monterrey, México), lo cual pudiera ser explicado por el aumento de nacimientos de madres adolescentes. Las aberraciones cromosómicas encontradas no habían sido informadas

miR-127 protects proximal tubule cells against ischemia/reperfusion : identification of Kinesin family member 3B as miR-127 target

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is at the basis of renal transplantation and acute kidney injury. Molecular mechanisms underlying proximal tubule response to I/R will allow the identification of new therapeutic targets for both clinical settings. microRNAs have emerged as crucial and tight regulators of the cellular response to insults including hypoxia. Here, we have identified several miRNAs involved in the response of the proximal tubule cell to I/R. Microarrays and RT-PCR analysis of proximal tubule cells submitted to I/R mimicking conditions in vitro demonstrated that miR-127 is induced during ischemia and also during reperfusion. miR-127 is also modulated in a rat model of renal I/R. Interference approaches demonstrated that ischemic induction of miR-127 is mediated by Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) stabilization. Moreover, miR-127 is involved in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion maintenance, since overexpression of miR-127 maintains focal adhesion complex assembly and the integrity of tight junctions. miR-127 also regulates intracellular trafficking since miR-127 interference promotes dextran-FITC uptake. In fact, we have identified the Kinesin Family Member 3B (KIF3B), involved in cell trafficking, as a target of miR-127 in rat proximal tubule cells. In summary, we have described a novel role of miR-127 in cell adhesion and its regulation by HIF-1α. We also identified for the first time KIF3B as a miR-127 target. Both, miR-127 and KIF3B appear as key mediators of proximal epithelial tubule cell response to I/R with potential al application in renal ischemic damage management

3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency detected by tandem mass spectrometry in mexican population.

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was introduced to expand newborn screening in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. This has permitted an increase in the diagnosis of many metabolic disorders including isolated 3 methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase deficiency (3 MCC). Detection of an elevation of C5OH by MS/MS is associated with leucine catabolism disorders; false positive results are related with maternal transfer or immaturity of the enzymatic systems. The confirmatory diagnosis is based on organic acids test in urine and decreased enzyme activity in fibroblasts. We report three cases of abnormal C5OH in among 42 264 newborns (1:14000).1 The diagnosis was confirmed in only one child (~1:40 000). The incidence of 3 MCC deficiency in our state is similar to that of other populations. This is the first report about the incidence of this disorder in newborns in a Mexican population