Effects of Maternal Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy on Long-Term Physical and Cognitive Parameters of Child Development

The negative impact of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on the growth and development of the foetus has been well documented. However, the long-term effects of the subsequent cognitive and physical development of the child are less clearly understood. This article presents a critical review of the literature on this topic. The review shows that the effects of prenatal exposure to smoking on children's physical development are mediated by a dose-response relationship. Although the observed effects are long term, they are small and may have no major functional importance. The evidence on the long-term consequences of intellectual function is still unclear. One reason is that very few studies have looked at the long-term consequences of maternal smoking on both physical and cognitive development. More effort is needed to investigate this important issue

High exposure rates of anticoagulant rodenticides in carnivorous birds and mammals in Danish landscapes

Elmeros, M., Christensen, T.K., Lassen, P

Udviklingen af Dampskibstrafikken fra Danmark til Storbritannien.

Udviklingen af Dampskibstrafikken fra Danmark til Storbritannien

Om Bortførselen og Udnyttelsen af Fækalstofleme i nogle af de større Byer i vore Nabolande.

Om Bortførselen og Udnyttelsen af Fækalstofleme i nogle af de større Byer i vore Nabolande

Generation of Squeezing in Higher Order Hermite-Gaussian Modes with an Optical Parametric Amplifier

We demonstrate quantum correlations in the transverse plane of continuous wave light beams by producing -4.0 dB, -2.6 dB and -1.5 dB of squeezing in the TEM00, TEM10 and TEM20 Hermite- Gauss modes with an optical parametric amplifier, respectively. This has potential applications in quantum information networking, enabling parallel quantum information processing. We describe the setup for the generation of squeezing and analyze the effects of various experimental issues such as mode overlap between pump and seed and nonlinear losses.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Introducing Novice Operators to Collaborative Robots: A Hands-On Approach for Learning and Training

Collaborative robots (cobots) have seen widespread adoption in industrial applications over the last decade. Cobots can be placed outside protective cages and are generally regarded as much more intuitive and easy to program compared to larger classical industrial robots. However, despite the cobots' widespread adoption, their collaborative potential and opportunity to aid flexible production processes seem hindered by a lack of training and understanding from shop floor workers. Researchers have focused on technical solutions, which allow novice robot users to more easily train collaborative robots. However, most of this work has yet to leave research labs. Therefore, training methods are needed with the goal of transferring skills and knowledge to shop floor workers about how to program collaborative robots. We identify general basic knowledge and skills that a novice must master to program a collaborative robot. We present how to structure and facilitate cobot training based on cognitive apprenticeship and test the training framework on a total of 20 participants using a UR10e and UR3e robot. We considered two conditions: adaptive and self-regulated training. We found that the facilitation was effective in transferring knowledge and skills to novices, however, found no conclusive difference between the adaptive or self-regulated approach. The results demonstrate that, thanks to the proposed training method, both groups are able to significantly reduce task time, achieving a reduction of 40%, while maintaining the same level of performance in terms of position error. Note to Practitioners-This paper was motivated by the fact that the adoption of smaller, so-called collaborative robots is increasing within manufacturing but the potential for a single robot to be used flexibly in multiple places of a production seems unfulfilled. If more unskilled workers understood the collaborative robots and received structured training, they would be capable of programming the robots independently. This could change the current landscape of stationary collaborative robots towards more flexible robot use and thereby increase companies' internal overall equipment efficiency and competencies. To this end, we identify general skills and knowledge for programming a collaborative robot, which helps increase the transparency of what novices need to know. We show how such knowledge and skills may be facilitated in a structured training framework, which effectively transfers necessary programming knowledge and skills to novices. This framework may be applied to a wider scope of knowledge and skills as the learner progresses. The skills and knowledge that we identify are general across robot platforms, however, collaborative robot interfaces differ. Therefore, a practical limitation to the approach includes the need for a knowledgeable person on the specific collaborative robot in question in order to create training material in areas specific to that model. However, with our list of identified skills, it provides an easier starting point. We show that relatively few skills and knowledge areas can enhance a novice's programming capability

Functional recovery is considered the most important target: a survey of dedicated professionals

Background: The aim of this study was to survey the relative importance of postoperative recovery targets and perioperative care items, as perceived by a large group of international dedicated professionals. Methods: A questionnaire with eight postoperative recovery targets and 13 perioperative care items was mailed to participants of the first international Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) congress and to authors of papers with a clear relevance to ERAS in abdominal surgery. The responders were divided into categories according to profession and region. Results: The recovery targets ‘To be completely free of nausea’, ‘To be independently mobile’ and ‘To be able to eat and drink as soon as possible’ received the highest score irrespective of the responder's profession or region of origin. Equally, the care items ‘Optimizing fluid balance’, ‘Preoperative counselling’ and ‘Promoting early and scheduled mobilisation’ received the highest score across all groups. Conclusions: Functional recovery, as in tolerance of food without nausea and regained mobility, was considered the most important target of recovery. There was a consistent uniformity in the way international dedicated professionals scored the relative importance of recovery targets and care items. The relative rating of the perioperative care items was not dependent on the strength of evidence supporting the items