Safety Profile and Tolerability of Topical Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Evaluate the safety profile and tolerability of topical phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors versus vehicle as treatment for atopic dermatitis in published studies.A search was performed in Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases on September 27, 2021, by 1 evaluator, without restrictions on publication dates or languages. Terms such as atopic dermatitis, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and randomized controlled trials were included. The database searches were carried out by 1 evaluator. The titles and abstracts were reviewed for the identification and evaluation of potentially eligible studies. Study selection was made by two reviewers, so there was no intra-examiner statistic at the study selection step. The full-text articles were reviewed to determine whether or not they would be included in the systematic review. Global analyses, which included studies with both unclear and low risk of bias and subanalyses of studies with a low risk of bias were performed.Out of 237 identified articles, 14 clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. In global analyses of studies with low and unclear risk of bias, topical treatment with PDE4 inhibitors did not differ from vehicle treatment in global treatment emergent adverse events (relative risk?=?0.99; 95% CI, 0.87-1.14; P?=?0.94) or in serious emergent adverse events appearance (relative risk?=?0.92; 95% CI, 0.39-2.20; P?=?0.86). In subanalyses of studies with a low risk of bias, a reduced rate of atopic dermatitis exacerbation was observed in PDE4 inhibitors compared with the vehicle (relative risk?=?0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.98; P?=?0.04) and risk of pain at the application site was confirmed (relative risk?=?2.59; 95% CI, 1.27-5.28; P?=?0.01).PDE4 inhibitors did not show differences from vehicle treatment in treatment emergent adverse events or serious emergent adverse events incidence. In studies with low risk of bias, PDE4 inhibitors had a statistically significant risk of producing pain and reduced occurrence of atopic dermatitis exacerbation.© 2022 The Author(s)

Análisis de la uniformidad de riego en sistemas de aspersión semiportátil con aspersores de gran tamaño

La sostenibilidad en la agricultura de regadío depende en gran medida de conseguir una alta eficiencia de aplicación en el riego. Es muy importante conocer los factores que afectan a la uniformidad de riego, especialmente en aspersores semi-portátiles de gran tamaño, que son un sistema muy común en áreas áridas y semiáridas, como Irán. Hasta el momento, la uniformidad de distribución del agua aplicada no ha sido considerada cuantitativamente en la mayoría de las combinaciones de variables hidráulicas y meteorológicas con aspersores portátiles de gran tamaño. En este trabajo, se ha caracterizado el coeficiente de uniformidad (CU) analizando la influencia de los principales factores que le afectan, como la velocidad del viento (W), la presión de trabajo (P) y el marco de riego. Los ensayos de campo se realizaron con un solo aspersor al aire libre. Se aprecia un efecto significativo del viento, como parámetro meteorológico, sobre el CU bajo diferentes condiciones climáticas, en relación a la presión y la separación entre aspersores. Este comportamiento es muy similar al obtenido con aspersores de tamaño medio. Los criterios técnicos propuestos en los resultados se pueden utilizar para optimizar la gestión del riego por aspersión de acuerdo con factores de diseño adecuados para una amplia gama de condiciones climáticas y presión (es decir 450 y 500 kPa). Así, la relación entre la separación entre aspersores y el radio mojado no debe superar los 0,45 con el fin de alcanzar el coeficiente de diseño de uniformidad aceptable (80%) bajo condiciones de viento (>2 m s -1 ) en el sistema de riego

Optimus: plataforma digital dedicada a la recomendaci?n y gesti?n de recolocaci?n de servicios de telefon?a m?vil pospago

En Lima Metropolitana, los clientes de telefon?a m?vil pospago no hacen uso de todos los beneficios adquiridos mediante contrato con las empresas operadoras, adem?s de verse envueltos en gestiones complejas para realizar solicitudes de recolocaci?n. Por ello, se identific? una oportunidad para implementar la plataforma digital B2C denominada Optimus, que permita evaluar sus necesidades, comparar la oferta comercial existente, recomendar la mejor opci?n de plan y gestionar su recolocaci?n. Para tal efecto, se plante? como objetivo determinar la factibilidad econ?mica y t?cnica del modelo de negocio, considerando dos fases estrat?gicas: la primera, de penetraci?n, con el objetivo de incrementar la cuota de mercado; y la segunda, de posicionamiento basado en liderazgo de costos. Realizada la investigaci?n de mercado, los resultados se?alaron que el 43% de las personas que conforman el mercado potencial estar?an dispuestas a pagar por los servicios de Optimus, con un ticket m?ximo de S/80,00. Finalmente, se evalu? la viabilidad econ?mica tomando en cuenta los escenarios pesimista, esperado y optimista, circunscritos a las variables de ingresos (precio, cantidad y volumen) y a diversos costos, en especial el de autorizaci?n de representatividad legal (carta poder), que genera gran impacto en el costo de ventas

LIBS and Acoustic Measurements of Rocks and Regolith Found in the Traverse of the Perseverance Rover Across the Jezero Crater, Mars

The SuperCam instrument of the NASA MARS 2020 Perseverance rover combines a suite of atomic and molecular spectroscopies intended for an extensive description of rocks, soils and minerals in the surroundings of the landing site of the mission – the Jezero crater. The microphone installed on the SuperCam instrument allows the acquisition of acoustic signals resulting from the expansion of laser-induced plasmas towards the atmosphere. Apart from being affected by the propagation characteristics of the Mars atmosphere, the acoustic signal has an additional component related to the properties of the target including surface morphology, hardness, deformation parameters, and elasticity, among others. This information is currently being investigated as a complementary resource for characterization of the ablated material and may well supplement the LIBS data gathered from coincident laser shots. This talk will present SuperCam acoustic data of rocks and minerals found in the traverse of the Perseverance rover and will discuss its correlation with LIBS spectra.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Understanding The Correlation Of Libs And Acoustic Measurements Of Rocks And Soils Found In The Traverse Of The Perseverance Rover Across The Jezero Crater, Mars

The SuperCam instrument of the NASA MARS 2020 Perseverance rover combines a suite of atomic and molecular spectroscopies intended for an extensive description of rocks, soils and minerals in the surroundings of the landing site of the mission – the Jezero crater. The microphone installed on the SuperCam instrument allows the acquisition of acoustic signals resulting from the expansion of laser-induced plasmas towards the atmosphere. Apart from being affected by the propagation characteristics of the Mars atmosphere, the acoustic signal has an additional component related to the properties of the target including surface morphology, hardness, deformation parameters, and elasticity, among others. This information is currently being investigated as a complementary resource for characterization of the ablated material and may well supplement the LIBS data gathered from coincident laser shots. This talk will present SuperCam acoustic data of rocks and minerals found in the traverse of the Perseverance rover and will discuss its correlation with LIBS spectra.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

The sound of geological targets on Mars from the absolute intensity of laser-induced sparks shock waves

Inspection of geological material is one of the main goals of the Perseverance rover during its journey across the landscape of the Jezero crater in Mars. NASA's rover integrates SuperCam, an instrument capable of performing standoff characterization of samples using a variety of techniques. Among those tools, SuperCam can perform laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) studies to elucidate the chemical composition of the targets of interest. Data from optical spectroscopy can be supplemented by simultaneously-produced laser-produced plasma acoustics in order to expand the information acquired from the probed rocks thanks to the SuperCam's microphone (MIC) as it can be synchronized with the LIBS laser. Herein, we report cover results from LIBS and MIC during Perseverance's first 380 sols on the Martian surface. We study the correlation between both recorded signals, considering the main intrasample and environmental sources of variation for each technique, to understand their behavior and how they can be interpreted together towards complimenting LIBS with acoustics. We find that louder and more stable acoustic signals are recorded from rock with compact surfaces, i.e., low presence loose particulate material, and harder mineral phases in their composition. Reported results constitute the first description of the evolution of the intensity in the time domain of shockwaves from laser-produced plasmas on geological targets recorded in Mars. These signals are expected contain physicochemical signatures pertaining to the inspected sampling positions. As the dependence of the acoustic signal recorded on the sample composition, provided by LIBS, is unveiled, the sound from sparks become a powerful tool for the identification of mineral phases with similar optical emission spectra.Many people helped with this project in addition to the co-authors, including hardware and operation teams, and we are most grateful for their support. This project was supported in the USA by NASA’s Mars Exploration Program and in France is conducted under the authority of CNES. Research funded by projects UMA18-FEDERJA-272 from Junta de Andalucía and PID2020-119185GB-I00 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, of Spain. P.P. is grateful to the European Union’s Next Generation EU (NGEU) plan and the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades for his Margarita Salas fellowship under the program ′′Ayudas para la Recualificacion del Sistema Universitario Español′′. RCW was funded by JPL contract 1681089. A.U was funded by NASA Mars 2020 Participating Scientist program 80NSSC21K0330. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Toward an Open-Access Global Database for Mapping, Control, and Surveillance of Neglected Tropical Diseases

There is growing interest in the scientific community, health ministries, and other organizations to control and eventually eliminate neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Control efforts require reliable maps of NTD distribution estimated from appropriate models and survey data on the number of infected people among those examined at a given location. This kind of data is often available in the literature as part of epidemiological studies. However, an open-access database compiling location-specific survey data does not yet exist. We address this problem through a systematic literature review, along with contacting ministries of health, and research institutions to obtain disease data, including details on diagnostic techniques, demographic characteristics of the surveyed individuals, and geographical coordinates. All data were entered into a database which is freely accessible via the Internet (http://www.gntd.org). In contrast to similar efforts of the Global Atlas of Helminth Infections (GAHI) project, the survey data are not only displayed in form of maps but all information can be browsed, based on different search criteria, and downloaded as Excel files for further analyses. At the beginning of 2011, the database included over 12,000 survey locations for schistosomiasis across Africa, and it is continuously updated to cover other NTDs globally