Familia, infancia y derechos : una mirada cualitativa desde la percepción adulta

Habitualmente los derechos de la infancia se asocian, casi de forma exclusiva, a la necesidad de proteger a los niños y niñas por su especial condición de vulnerabilidad. De esta forma se pone en evidencia no sólo el desequilibrio entre los tres principios básicos recogidos en la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño de 1989 (en adelante Convención): protección, provisión y participación, sino también el desconocimiento de la Convención y la resistencia que generan algunos derechos recogidos en la misma. En este sentido, la infancia, como parte de la ciudadanía, en ocasiones puede ver mermada sus posibilidades de estar presente de manera activa en los diferentes entornos en los que se desarrolla su vida, tal y como se reconoce en la Convención. Este artículo recoge, en versión reducida, las principales conclusiones obtenidas en un estudio centrado en conocer los discursos adultos sobre los derechos de la infancia en general, y los derechos políticos en particular realizado en la Comunidad de Madrid.Children’s Rights are usually linked to the necessity to protect children due to their condition of vulnerability. But this reveals the ignorance of the Convention of Children’s Rights from 1989, with its three principles: protect, provision and participation. As this Convention recognise, childhood could be excluded from the participation in different contexts. This work describe the main findings of an study that looks on adult’s discourse about children’s rights, and particularly the political rights of children, which took place in Madri

Thyroid hormone antagonizes tumor necrosis factor-α signaling in pituitary cells through the induction of dual specificity phosphatase 1

Pituitary function has been shown to be regulated by an increasing number of factors, including cytokines and hormones, such as TNF alpha and T-3. Both the proinflammatory cytokine TNF alpha and T-3 have been suggested to be involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the anterior pituitary gland. In this report we show that T-3 negatively interferes with MAPK p38 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation by TNF alpha in GH4C1 cells. Our data demonstrate that MAPK p38 is specifically activated upon exposure to TNF alpha and that T-3 abolishes this activation in a time-dependent manner by a mechanism that involves the induction of the MAPK phosphatase, DUSP1. Our data show that the pool of up-regulated DUSP1 by T-3 is mainly localized to the cytosol, and that TNF alpha does not affect this localization. On the other hand, we show that T-3 impairs the activation of the NF-kappa B pathway induced by TNF alpha, producing a significant decrease in NF-kappa B-dependent transcription, phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha, translocation of p65/NF-kappa B to the nucleus, and p65/NF-kappa B transactivation potential. Interestingly, the overexpression of DUSP1 inhibits the NF-kappa B activation achieved by either TNF alpha or ectopic expression of the upstream inducer of MAPK p38. Conversely, DUSP1 depletion abrogates the inhibitory effect of T-3 on the induction of NF-kappa B-dependent transcription by TNF alpha. Overall, our results indicate that T-3 antagonizes TNF alpha signaling in rat pituitary tumor cells through the induction of DUSP1.This work was supported by grants from the Fundación Mutua Madrileña (2005X0615), from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (PI070832), from Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (BFU2007-62402), from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (RD06/0020/0036) and the European grant CRESCENDO (FP-018652). M.L. is recipient of a grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (“Ramón y Cajal” Program).Peer reviewe

Characterization of the human Nα-terminal acetyltransferase B enzymatic complex

BACKGROUND: Human Nalpha-acetyltransferase complex B (hNatB) is integrated by hNaa20p (hNAT5/hNAT3) and hNaa25p (hMDM20) proteins. Previous data have shown that this enzymatic complex is implicated in cell cycle progression and carcinogenesis. In yeast this enzyme acetylates peptides composed by methionine and aspartic acid or glutamic acid in their first two positions respectively and it has been shown the same specificity in human cells. METHODS: We have silenced hNAA20 expression in hepatic cell lines using recombinant adenoviruses that express specific siRNAs against this gene and analyzed cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction after this treatment. Immunopurified hNatB enzymatic complexes from human cell lines were used for analyzing hNatB in vitro enzymatic activity using as substrate peptides predicted to be acetylated by NatB. RESULTS: hNAA20 silencing in hepatic cell lines reduces cell proliferation in a p53 dependent and independent manner. At the same time this treatment sensitizes the cells to a proapototic stimulus. We have observed that the hNatB complex isolated from human cell lines can acetylate in vitro peptides that present an aspartic or glutamic acid in their second position as has been described in yeast. CONCLUSION: hNatB enzymatic complex is implicated in cell cycle progression but it exerts its effects through different mechanisms depending on the cellular characteristics. This is achievable because it can acetylate a great number of peptides composed by an aspartic or glutamic acid at their second residue and therefore it can regulate the activity of a great number of proteins

Contribution of bioactive hyaluronic acid and gelatin to regenerative medicine. Methodologies of gels preparation and advanced applications.

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Injectable hydrogel-based drug delivery system for cartilage regeneration.

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Base Pairing Interaction between 5′- and 3′-UTRs Controls icaR mRNA Translation in Staphylococcus aureus

The presence of regulatory sequences in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of eukaryotic mRNAs controlling RNA stability and translation efficiency is widely recognized. In contrast, the relevance of 3′-UTRs in bacterial mRNA functionality has been disregarded. Here, we report evidences showing that around one-third of the mapped mRNAs of the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus carry 3′-UTRs longer than 100-nt and thus, potential regulatory functions. We selected the long 3′-UTR of icaR, which codes for the repressor of the main exopolysaccharidic compound of the S. aureus biofilm matrix, to evaluate the role that 3′-UTRs may play in controlling mRNA expression. We showed that base pairing between the 3′-UTR and the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) region of icaR mRNA interferes with the translation initiation complex and generates a double-stranded substrate for RNase III. Deletion or substitution of the motif (UCCCCUG) within icaR 3′-UTR was sufficient to abolish this interaction and resulted in the accumulation of IcaR repressor and inhibition of biofilm development. Our findings provide a singular example of a new potential post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism to modulate bacterial gene expression through the interaction of a 3′-UTR with the 5′-UTR of the same mRNA. © 2013 Ruiz de los Mozos et al.Peer Reviewe

New algorithm for the elucidation of functional properties of gelatin-based materials

In the present work, fish gelatin was employed to develop renewable and biodegradable materials, reducing environmental problems associated with conventional petroleum-based materials. Glycerol was used as plasticizer and gallic acid was added in order to enhance the functional properties of the material. L-fuzzy concept analysis was applied for modelling the formulations and properties of the films. These new methodology is used in the design of the material avoiding the traditional inefficient trial an error approach usually employed. Two applications of the developed bio-based material were analyzed: fatty food packaging application in food area and wound healing in the biomedical field. The functional properties requirements of water contact angle (CA), water vapour transmission rate (WVTR), colour L * and b * values, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB) and gloss values were specified for both applications. Applying the proposed algorithm, the required formulations were estimated and the experimental results showed a high accordance with the predicted values of the final properties, as well as with the requirements. This analysis allowed finding the required formulations in a highly cost-effective wayThe authors thank the research groups from the Basque Gov-ernment (IT1256-19) and the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (GIU18/154) . This work was financially supported by the Basque Government (KK2019/00006) . Documen

Functional and Anthropometrical Screening Test among High Performance Female Football Players: A Descriptive Study with Injury Incidence Analysis, the Basque Female Football Cohort (BFFC) Study

The main objectives of the present study were to describe the injury incidence and to analyze the anthropometric and physical characteristics of players from three high-level women’s football teams. The present study involved 54 female football players (21.9 ± 4.9 years old) from three different teams competing in the Spanish Reto Iberdrola-Segunda División PRO league. A battery of tests was carried out to determine the anthropometric and physical performance characteristics of the players along with an injury incidence record during a full competitive season. The obtained results showed that there was a high incidence of injury, as 38% of the players suffered some type of injury during the season (range 1–5; 1.75 ± 1.02 injuries per player). Injuries occurred in both matches and during training at a similar percentage (48.6 vs. 51.4%), and the majority of the registered episodes were graded as moderate or severe injury types (60%). Players suffering from an injury accumulated a total of 1587 chronological days off work due to injury during the season, with a recurrence rate of 55%. Considering the high incidence of injury, and the injury burden and the reinjure rate observed in this research, it seems necessary to apply the most efficient prevention and recovery measures possible in these female football teams. These descriptive data could serve athletic trainers and medical staff of female football teams to better understand their own screening procedure-derived data

Effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the control and severity of pediatric asthma.

Background: The novel disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused an unprecedented global pandemic. Care providers of asthmatic children are increasingly con-cerned; as viral infections are one of the primary triggers of asthma flare-up. However, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the generated worldwide lockdown on asthmatic children is unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of pandemic SARS-CoV-2 in pediat-ric asthma control. Material and Methods: A retrospective, open, transversal study was performed at five ter-tiary hospitals. Recruited patients were aged <18 years and had physician-diagnosed asthma. Information regarding the 2019 and 2020 seasons were provided. Results: Data were collected from 107 children (age range: 3–18 years, mean age: 12 years). Well-controlled asthma was observed in 58 (54.2%) patients in 2020 versus 30 (28%) in 2019, and 15 (14%) patients had poorly controlled asthma in 2020 versus 28 (26.2%) in 2019. In 2020, a decrease in exacerbations caused by allergies to pollen, dust mites, molds, and through other causes not related to SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed. An increase in exacerbations was observed due to animal dander, stress, physical exercise, and SARSCoV- 2 infectionpost-print362 K