La Recherche en Chimie aux Frontières de la Connaissance

National audienceMixed research units are building blocks, flexible but permanent, in rapidly evolving fields of research. Several measures shape the activities of research teams and thus give rise to “poles of research”. They also help consolidate national networks, identify strong points, boost the sharing of top-level equipment and stimulate collaboration between academics and industrialists. Chemists’ diverse activities lie on a thematic continuum that reaches beyond disciplinary bounds and crisscrosses the industrial and academic spheres. The dichotomy between, on the one hand, the structure in terms of disciplines used by the authorities in charge and, on the other hand, the socioeconomic priorities set by funding agencies should enable scientists to pursue topnotch research. It should also lead to the emergence of new concepts corresponding to breakthroughs that will reshape chemistry in the future.L’Unité Mixte de Recherche est la brique élémentaire, souple et pérenne d’un paysage de la recherche en évolution rapide. De nombreux dispositifs viennent structurer l’activité de ces équipes pour faire émerger des pôles de recherche, consolider le maillage des réseaux nationaux, identifier les points forts, mutualiser des équipements de haut niveau et promouvoir les collaborations académiques et industrielles. La diversité de l’activité des chimistes se place dans un continuum thématique dépassant les frontières disciplinaires et traversant les mondes académiques et industriels. La dichotomie entre les structures disciplinaires de nos tutelles et l’affichage de défis socio-économiques par les agences de financement doivent permettre aux acteurs de mettre en œuvre des recherches de très haut niveau tout en favorisant l’émergence et la description de nouveaux concepts en rupture qui permettront de construire la chimie de demain

Aspects tomodensitométriques des prothèses intrapéritonéales en PTFEe dans le traitement des hernies et éventrations de la paroi abdominale antérieure (étude sur 58 cas et revue de la littérature)

BREST-BU Médecine-Odontologie (290192102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Encoding Alpha-Pinene Oxide Lyase Enzyme (Prα-POL) from Pseudomonas rhodesiae CIP 107491 and Production of the Recombinant Protein in Escherichia coli

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Celiac-bimesenteric trunk: anatomic and radiologic description--case report.

International audienceThe authors report the case of a 39-year-old man with a common origin of three arteries-the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries-that has not been described previously in the literature, to their knowledge. This variant, which they call the celiac-bimesenteric trunk, is documented with a selective angiogram, and an embryologic explanation is offered

Diagnostic accuracy of compression ultrasonography for the detection of asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis in medical patients--the TADEUS project.

International audienceWe assessed the accuracy of venous compression ultrasonography (CUS) for the detection of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in 122 consecutive patients, with a mean age of 69 years, who were hospitalised in an internal medicine unit. All included patients had CUS within 48 h of admission. Twelve out of 17 patients with a positive CUS underwent phlebography, as the others withdrew their consent, whereas the remaining 105 patients with a negative serial CUS testing were clinically followed-up at 3 months. We found that CUS had a sensitivity and a specificity of respectively 1 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1) and 1 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1) for the detection of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis. Kappa-coefficients for intra-observer and inter-observer agreements were respectively 0.88 and 0.56. We concluded that venous compression ultrasonography, performed as described, fulfils requirements of a screening test that could be available for prophylactic clinical trials or epidemiological researches

Diagnostic accuracy of compression ultrasonography for the detection of asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis in medical patients--the TADEUS project.

International audienceWe assessed the accuracy of venous compression ultrasonography (CUS) for the detection of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in 122 consecutive patients, with a mean age of 69 years, who were hospitalised in an internal medicine unit. All included patients had CUS within 48 h of admission. Twelve out of 17 patients with a positive CUS underwent phlebography, as the others withdrew their consent, whereas the remaining 105 patients with a negative serial CUS testing were clinically followed-up at 3 months. We found that CUS had a sensitivity and a specificity of respectively 1 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1) and 1 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1) for the detection of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis. Kappa-coefficients for intra-observer and inter-observer agreements were respectively 0.88 and 0.56. We concluded that venous compression ultrasonography, performed as described, fulfils requirements of a screening test that could be available for prophylactic clinical trials or epidemiological researches

Efficacy and safety of rituximab in common variable immunodeficiency-associated immune cytopenias: a retrospective multicentre study on 33 patients.

International audiencePatients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) are at high risk of developing immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and/or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AHA). Given their underlying immunodeficiency, immunosuppressive treatment of these manifestations may increase the risk of infection. To assess efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with CVID-associated ITP/AHA, a multicentre retrospective study was performed. Thirty-three patients, 29 adults and four children, were included. Patients received an average of 2*6 treatments prior to rituximab including steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and splenectomy (21%). The median ITP/AHA duration at time of first rituximab administration was 12 months [range 1-324] and the indication for using rituximab was ITP (22 cases), AHA (n = 5) or both (n = 7); 1 patient was treated sequentially for ITP and then AHA. The overall initial response rate to rituximab was 85% including 74% complete responses. After a mean follow-up of 39 ± 30 months after rituximab first administration, 10 of the initial responders relapsed and re-treatment with rituximab was successful in 7/9. Severe infections occurred after rituximab in eight adults (24%), four of whom were not on immunoglobulin replacement therapy. In conclusion, rituximab appears to be highly effective and relatively safe for the management of CVID-associated severe immune cytopenias

Nouvelles formes de visibilité des individus en entreprise: technologie et temporalité

La problématique de la visibilité surgit depuis quelques années comme en témoigne une multitude de publications et de manifestations scientifiques. Dans l’ouvrage collectif au nom évocateur Nicole Aubert et Claudine Haroche étudient les paradoxes liés à la domination sans bornes du visible par le biais de l’image et à l’obligation pressante sur tout un chacun de se rendre public. Etre visible, c’est exister, pour les adolescents et les jeunes diplômés, les hommes et les femmes politiques, les institutions et les entreprises, les produits et les marques. Richard Sennett évoquait, dès les années 70, l’émergence de l’individu narcissique en quête permanente d’un reflet de soi. Cette exigence de visibilité, qui s’est accrue à partir des années 1990, s’appuie sur des dispositifs numériques (réseaux sociaux, blogs, sites institutionnels, etc.) dont l’expansion fulgurante reflète le besoin de nouveaux espaces de mise en visibilité dans la sphère publique. Qu’en est-il pour les individus au travail ? Que signifie « être visible » pour un salarié ou un collectif de travail dans le contexte de l’entreprise moderne où prime la corporate gouvernance? Quelles sont les raisons qui les poussent à rechercher en permanence le regard d’autrui ? L’une des spécificités de ce numéro thématique tient à ce que nous proposons de cerner la problématique de la visibilité dans le périmètre de l’entreprise et de l’interroger dans une approche communicationnelle

Immediate Hypersensitivity to Contrast Agents: The French 5-year CIRTACI Study

International audienceBackground:Iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast media (ICM; GBCM) induce immediate hypersensitivity (IH) reactions. Differentiating allergic from non-allergic IH is crucial; allergy contraindicates the culprit agent for life. We studied frequency of allergic IH among ICM or GBCM reactors.Methods:Patients were recruited in 31 hospitals between 2005 and 2009. Clinical symptoms, plasma histamine and tryptase concentrations and skin tests were recorded. Allergic IH was diagnosed by intradermal tests (IDT) with the culprit CM diluted 1:10, "potentially allergic" IH by positive IDT with pure CM, and non-allergic IH by negative IDT.Findings:Among 245 skin-tested patients (ICM = 209; GBCM = 36), allergic IH to ICM was identified in 41 (19.6%) and to GBCM in 10 (27.8%). Skin cross-reactivity was observed in 11 patients with ICM (26.8%) and 5 with GBCM (50%). Allergy frequency increased with clinical severity and histamine and tryptase concentrations (p  50% of life-threatening ones. GBCM and ICM triggered comparable IH reactions in frequency and severity. Cross-reactivity was frequent, especially for GBCM. We propose considering skin testing with pure contrast agent, as it is more sensitive than the usual 1:10 dilution criteria