Manejo del adulto mayor dependiente según la teoría de consecución de objetivos de imogene king: Administração do adulto idoso dependente de acordo com a teoria da realização dos objetivos de imogene king

El objetivo de la investigación es determinar la importancia del manejo del adulto mayor dependiente según la teoría de consecución de objetivos de Imogene King, que permita el conocimiento sobre esta área que va en beneficio de estas personas a mejorar su calidad de vida y su inserción en la vida social. La metodología tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, con nivel descriptivo y corte transversal, con estudio cuasiexperimental, los métodos empleados fue el inductivo-deductivo, la recolección de la información se aplicó el test de la teoría de King, con un cuestionario de 27 ítems, que se aplicó a los 100 cuidadores informales. Se valido el cuestionario con el Alfa de Cronbach de los 27 elementos estandarizados, el resultado fue 0,867. Tuvo la modalidad bibliográfica-documental y de campo. Se baso en la investigación biomédica. Los resultados obtenidos en relación con el estado de salud de los pacientes, dio a relucir que se deteriora según avanza su edad. También las relaciones interpersonales con los familiares y con los asistentes de salud son fundamentales en el transcurso de los tratamientos y cuidados. A demás que la organización es parte fundamental en el desarrollo de ciertas actividades cotidianas del adulto mayor dependiente, para optimizar el tiempo. Las conclusiones refieren a la capacitación de los cuidadores en diferentes áreas, se socializó sobre las enfermedades que adolecen estas personas, se educó sobre el cumplimiento de las actividades diarias del paciente

Adequação de medicamentos prescritos em pacientes em uso de sonda enteral em um hospital público no sul do Brasil

Patients receiving enteral nutritional therapy are fed via enteral feeding tubes, which are also routes of medical administration. Nutrients and drugs interact with each other and with the gastrointestinal tract; care is needed to ensure that this therapy is properly performed in order to avoid adverse effects related to enteral nutritional therapy. The professionals involved in prescribing, dispensing and administrating drugs by feeding tubes should have the technical ability and skills that ensure the adequacy of the drug treatment in patients who use this type of therapy. There are few clinical protocols that refer to drug use in solid pharmaceutical form via enteral catheter. This study aimed to verify the inadequacy of the prescription of the solid pharmaceutical form through enteral feeding tube in patients hospitalized in a clinical unit in a public hospital in the south of Brazil. This is an observational, cross-sectional study whose data were analyzed from medical prescriptions of patients using enteral tubes. Among the drugs with pharmaceutical form of oral use prescribed via enteral feeding tubes, 94% (604) were prescribed in a solid dosage form, of which 42% (253) were inadequately prescribed. The high prevalence of inadequately prescribed drugs for tube administration demonstrates the importance of the pharmaceutical activity among the multidisciplinary team who assists patients with enteral nutritional therapy

Competencia matemática de los estudiantes andaluces: un análisis multinivel de la encuesta PISA 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los factores más importantes que afectan al rendimiento en matemáticas de los estudiantes de Andalucía. Para ello, se han tomado como base los datos del estudio PISA 2015.Para alcanzar este objetivo hemos seleccionado predictores relacionados con el alumno (género, condición de inmigrante, condición de alumno repetidor y nivel cultural y socio-económico familiar) y con la escuela (tipo de centro –público o privado–, localización –entorno rural o urbano– e índices de responsabilidad del centro en la gestión de los recursos o en el currículum y la evaluación) y hemos elaborado un modelo de regresión de dos niveles.Los resultados del análisis indican que la mayor parte de las variables con una influencia significativa en el rendimiento en matemáticas del alumnado son características de los propios alumnos tales como, la condición de inmigrante, la condición de alumno repetidor y el género femenino (en sentido negativo) y el nivel sociocultural y económico (en sentido positivo). Y en el ámbito escolar, las variables que presentan una mayor influencia son el índice de responsabilidad del centro en el currículum y la evaluación y la titularidad pública del colegio (ambas en sentido positivo)

Assessment of Functioning in Older Adults Hospitalized in Long-Term Care in Portugal: Analysis of a Big Data

Background: Functioning assessment is a key tool for health professionals to characterize the person's degree of dependence and plan care. Objectives: The objectives were: (1) know the functioning components of older adults hospitalized in the National Network of Continuous Integrated Health Care (NNCIHC) in Portugal; and (2) compare the conceptual frameworks used in this network with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: A longitudinal retrospective study is made with 171,414 individuals aged 65 years and over. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was realized to reduce the number of variables, previously suggested by a scoping review, about the concepts that characterize the functionality. Then, a consensus meeting was held, where the items were matched with the ICF. Results: The average age of the sample is 80.17 years old (SD = 7.383), predominantly female (59%), without a spouse (54%), and with <6 years of education (56.4%). Four concepts were grouped: mobility, life daily activities, instrumental activities, and cognitive status that demonstrated good internal consistency. Most items correspond to ICF, except for the item “taking medication.” Conclusion: Theoretical and conceptual similarities support the use of instruments based on the ICF in Portugal's healthcare network. We suggest that ICF also encompasses a specific dimension related to medication management, given its importance for people's health

Functional Profile of Older Adults Hospitalized in Convalescence Units of the National Network of Integrated Continuous Care of Portugal: A Longitudinal Study

Aim: To evaluate the evolution of the functional profile of older adults admitted to a health unit in Portugal; to relate the functional profile of these individuals with age, sex, education level and emotional state; and to evaluate the probability of the degree of dependence as a function of age and sex. Methods: longitudinal, retrospective study with a sample of 59,013 older adults admitted to convalescence units of the National Network of Integrated Continuous Care of Portugal. Results: In the first 75 days of hospitalization, activities of daily living, mobility and cognitive state improved, but there was a decline after 75 days of hospitalization. The ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living improved in the first 15 days of hospitalization, stabilized until 45 days and then began to worsen. Women had a higher probability of having a severe/complete dependence three years earlier than men (88 years to 91 years). A higher education level and stable emotional state were protective factors against functional decline. Conclusions: The functional profile of older adults improved during the length of stay recommended for hospitalization in convalescence units (30 days). It is critical for health systems to adopt strategies to prevent declines in the emotional state of frail individuals

Functional Profile of Older Adults Hospitalized in Rehabilitation Units of the National Network of Integrated Continuous Care of Portugal: A Longitudinal Study

Background: The success of healthy aging depends on the ability of countries to study and act on frailty in the elderly, control chronic diseases, improve functional capacity and prevent cognitive decline and social interaction. Aim: (1) to evaluate the functional profile of older adults hospitalized in a Unit of the National Network of Integrated Continuous Care of Portugal; and (2) to assess the relationship between functional profile and age, gender, level of education and emotional state. Methods: Longitudinal study with a population of 59,013 older adults (65 years or older) hospitalized in Medium-Term Care and Rehabilitation Units in Portugal. Results: Older age (≥85 years), no school attendance, low body mass index and presence of sad or depressed mood were predictive factors for a deficit in functional capacity. We identified significant improvements in rehabilitation, but after 210 days of hospitalization, older people incurred a loss of functionality. Total compensation needs were typified by severe deficits in self-care and functional capacity: 47.1%. A moderate deficit was present in 43.1%, and a slight self-care and functional deficit occurred in 9.8% of the individuals. Conclusions: Knowing the determinants of functional capacity and self-care needs will make it possible to define priority intervention groups and implement quality and financing models based on gains in functionality

Hydrochars Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds as Zn Bio-Chelates for Agronomic Biofortification

Previous studies have attributed both phytotoxicity and the capacity to mobilize nutrient elements to the presence of polyphenols and melanoidins in spent coffee grounds (SCG) and SCG-hydrochars obtained through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). This work aimed to evaluate SCG and two SCG-hydrochars obtained at 160 and 200 °C that were functionalized with Zn salts (bio-chelates), to achieve the in vitro biofortification of lettuce. Two application modes were established: (1) a fixed Zn concentration of 10 mg kg−1 of soil and (2) a fixed dose of 0.5% bio-product. Soil alone (control A) and commercial chelates (control B) were used as controls. Outcomes showed that SCG-hydrochars retain the capacity to mobilize Zn compared to SCG. However, the chelating capacity was reduced (Zn: 94%) and the toxicity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) with higher temperatures of HTC (200 °C). Both fresh and dry lettuce weights were less affected at doses of 0.5% of bio-product and registered a maximum increase of 136% of Zn in the plant content. The present study approaches the possibility of using these by-products as bioinorganic fertilizers at subtoxic doses, although more research is neededPY20_00585 from FEDER and RDPTC-2018 (AT17_6096_OTRI UGR) from the Andalusia n Ministry of Economic Transformation, Knowledge, Industry and Universities

The transcriptional and mutational landscapes of lipid metabolism-related genes in colon cancer

Metabolic alterations encountered in tumors are well recognized and considered as a hallmark of cancer. In addition to Warburg Effect, epidemiological and experimental studies support the crucial role of lipid metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC). The overexpression of four lipid metabolism-related genes (ABCA1, ACSL1, AGPAT1 and SCD genes) has been proposed as prognostic marker of stage II CRC (ColoLipidGene signature). In order to explore in depth the transcriptomic and genomic scenarios of ABCA1, ACSL1, AGPAT1 and SCD genes, we performed a transcriptomic meta-analysis in more than one thousand CRC individuals. Additionally we analyzed their genomic coding sequence in 95 patients, to find variants that could orchestrate CRC prognosis. We found that genetic variant rs3071, located on SCD gene, defines a 9.77% of stage II CRC patients with high risk of death. Moreover, individuals with upregulation of ABCA1 and AGPAT1 expression have an increased risk of CRC recurrence, independently of tumor stage. ABCA1 emerges as one of the main contributors to signature's prognostic effect. Indeed, both high ABCA1 expression and presence of tumoral genetic variants located in ABCA1 coding region, seem to be associated with CRC risk of death. In addition the non-synonymous polymorphism rs2230808, located on ABCA1, is associated with gene expression. Patients carrying at least one copy of minor allele showed higher levels of ABCA1 expression than patients carrying homozygous major allele. This study broaden the prognostic value of ABCA1, ACSL1, AGPAT1 and SCD genes, independently of CRC tumor stage, leading to future precision medicine approaches and "omics"-guided therapiesMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España (MINECO, Plan Nacional I+D+i AGL2016-76736-C3), Gobierno regional de la Comunidad de Madrid (P2013/ABI-2728, ALIBIRD-CM) and EU Structural Fund

Cuidados paliativos pediátricos em enfermagem: ressignificação a partir de uma revisão integrativa

The aim was to promote reflections, based on the bibliographic survey, in relation to death and dying and care and caregivers. Integrative literature review through the Virtual Health Library platform, carried out in August 2021. Thirteen articles were analyzed that met the determined inclusion criteria. Among the selected articles, the national studies covered 76.92% of the theoretical framework used and the approaches mainly emphasized the need for inclusion and active participation of the whole family in palliative care, the indispensability of strengthening the nurse's bond with his client and the autonomy of this professional through internal and/or ethical dilemmas. It is concluded that the implementation of palliation education for nursing students and nurses should receive greater emphasis in order to provide means for the personal and professional growth of these individuals.Objetivou-se fomentar reflexões, a partir do levantamento bibliográfico, em relação à morte e ao morrer e aos cuidados e cuidadores. Revisão integrativa da literatura através da plataforma Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, realizada em agosto de 2021. Foram analisados 13 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão determinados. Dentre os artigos selecionados, os estudos nacionais contemplaram 76,92% do referencial teórico utilizado e os enfoques enfatizaram, principalmente, a necessidade de inclusão e participação ativa de toda a família nos cuidados paliativos, a indispensabilidade do fortalecimento do vínculo do enfermeiro com seu cliente e a autonomia deste profissional mediante dilemas internos e/ou éticos. Conclui-se que a implementação do ensino da paliação para graduandos de enfermagem e enfermeiros deve receber maior ênfase a fim de fornecer meios para o crescimento pessoal e profissional destes indivíduos

Los fenómenos lingüísticos de la pragmática en los estudiantes de Tercer Ciclo de tres escuelas del municipio de Santiago Nonualco.

El presente trabajo sobre los Fenómenos Lingüísticos con relación a la deficiencia de las habilidades pragmáticas, que se observaron en los estudiantes de tres escuelas del Municipio de Santiago Nonualco. La investigación tuvo el propósito de compartir estrategias innovadoras con la implementación de las máximas conversacionales (Paul Grice, 1965) minimizando el impacto en el proceso comunicativo. Se estructuró en IV capítulos, se plantearon una diversidad de propuestas teóricas. Según los datos obtenidos de la muestra de investigación de 39 estudiantes; se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: encuesta virtual (Google Form), una lista de cotejo y se entrevistó a tres docentes (Google Meet). Se procesaron los datos; obteniendo el porcentaje de la muestra, se propusieron algunas recomendaciones para fomentar las competencias pragmáticas y se concluyó que los fenómenos lingüísticos observados son el resultado del lenguaje heredado y del desconocimiento de las habilidades pragmática.This study contains the linguist’s effects, regarding students’ abilities on pragmatic abilities acquired in school. The study observed students from 3 different schools located at the Santiago Nonualco municipality. This research has for purpose share with others the use of, the Paul Grace conversational axioms and how they had been introduced and implemented since 1965. The paper is been divided in four chapters. Each chapter contains a different rhetorical proposition, these propositions are made from gathered data, coming from a sample of 39 students. The instrument used to convey the data was acquired from Google form with a virtual check list survey. Also 3 teachers were interview trough Google meet. The data obtained was statistically processed to obtain the resulting percentage, as result some recommendations were proposed to increase pragmatic skills, and our team concluded that the linguistic phenomena observed is a result of inherited language and unknown use of pragmatic skills