698 research outputs found
Preferred vs. Actual Working Hours - A Ten Years Paneleconometric Analysis for Professions, Entrepreneurs and Employees in Germany
Labour market dynamics according the individual working hour tension (preferred working
hours minus actual working hours) of active people with focus on the self-employed, as
professions and entrepreneurs, and employees are investigated in our study. The individual
longitudinal analysis based on panel data allows us to follow the individual process of
working time preferences and actual outcomes in its individual convergence/divergence
balancing process in the course of time. Our microanalytic and paneleconometric results (with
pooled, one and two factor fixed and random effects models) quantify the working hour
tension developments and its determinants in a decade from the mid 80s to the mid 90s.
Microdata base is the German Socio-Economic Panel with ten waves from 1985 to 1994.
Finally, we discuss impacts of our results for labour market strategies and a targeted
economic and social policy
Preferred vs. Actual Working Hours - A Ten Years Paneleconometric Analysis for Professions, Entrepreneurs and Employees in Germany
Labour market dynamics according the individual working hour tension (preferred working hours minus actual working hours) of active people with focus on the self-employed, as professions and entrepreneurs, and employees are investigated in our study. The individual longitudinal analysis based on panel data allows us to follow the individual process of working time preferences and actual outcomes in its individual convergence/divergence balancing process in the course of time. Our microanalytic and paneleconometric results (with pooled, one and two factor fixed and random effects models) quantify the working hour tension developments and its determinants in a decade from the mid 80s to the mid 90s. Microdata base is the German Socio-Economic Panel with ten waves from 1985 to 1994. Finally, we discuss impacts of our results for labour market strategies and a targeted economic and social policy.Labour market dynamics, working hour tension, desired and actual working hours, paneleconometric analyses, professions, entrepreneurs and employees
Preferred vs. Actual Working Hours - A Ten Years Paneleconometric Analysis for Professions, Entrepreneurs and Employees in Germany
Labour market dynamics according the individual working hour tension (preferred working hours minus actual working hours) of active people with focus on the self-employed, as professions and entrepreneurs, and employees are investigated in our study. The individual longitudinal analysis based on panel data allows us to follow the individual process of working time preferences and actual outcomes in its individual convergence/divergence balancing process in the course of time. Our microanalytic and paneleconometric results (with pooled, one and two factor fixed and random effects models) quantify the working hour tension developments and its determinants in a decade from the mid 80s to the mid 90s. Microdata base is the German Socio-Economic Panel with ten waves from 1985 to 1994. Finally, we discuss impacts of our results for labour market strategies and a targeted economic and social policy.Labour market dynamics, working hour tension, desired and actual working hours, paneleconometric analyses, professions, entrepreneurs and employees
First-Principles Based Matrix-Green's Function Approach to Molecular Electronic Devices: General Formalism
Transport in molecular electronic devices is different from that in
semiconductor mesoscopic devices in two important aspects: (1) the effect of
the electronic structure and (2) the effect of the interface to the external
contact. A rigorous treatment of molecular electronic devices will require the
inclusion of these effects in the context of an open system exchanging particle
and energy with the external environment. This calls for combining the theory
of quantum transport with the theory of electronic structure starting from the
first-principles. We present a rigorous yet tractable matrix Green's function
approach for studying transport in molecular electronic devices, based on the
Non-Equilibrium Green's Function Formalism of quantum transport and the
density-functional theory of electronic structure using local orbital basis
sets. By separating the device rigorously into the molecular region and the
contact region, we can take full advantage of the natural spatial locality
associated with the metallic screening in the electrodes and focus on the
physical processes in the finite molecular region. This not only opens up the
possibility of using the existing well-established technique of molecular
electronic structure theory in transport calculations with little change, but
also allows us to use the language of qualitative molecular orbital theory to
interpret and rationalize the results of the computation. For the device at
equilibrium, our method provides an alternative approach for solving the
molecular chemisorption problem. For the device out of equilibrium, we show
that the calculation of elastic current transport through molecules, both
conceptually and computationally, is no more difficult than solving the
chemisorption problem.Comment: To appear in Chemical Physic
- …