Changes Evaluation of Reserve Substances and Degradation Enzymes after Exposure of Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to Alpha - Cypermethrin, Chlorpyriphos and Pyrimicarb

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most important vegetables, whose production and consumption increased quite rapidly. The impact of three xenobiotics such as alpha-cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos and pyrimicarb on reserve substances (proteins, starch and lipids) and degradation enzymes (protease and alpha-amylase) was investigated. The effect of the insecticides was observed by using four dilutions of the normal concentration used in agriculture (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) for germinating seeds, and only the recommended concentration in agriculture for growing plants. The results suggest that the tested insecticides induced an accumulation of proteins in both treated seeds, and treated plants leaves and roots. Moreover, the protease activity was reduced in treated seeds and plants. Also a great accumulation of starch in presence of the insecticides was registered in treated seeds, and leafs and roots of treated plants, whereas this accumulation is accompanied with an inhibition of alpha-amylase activity. Concerning lipids, a significant increase was observed in treated samples compared to the control ones

Contribution de l’Intelligence Artificielle à l’amélioration du rendement des activités agroalimentaires au Maroc

L'agroalimentaire, représenté par l’activité de l’agriculture et l’industrie agro-alimentaire ; est l'un des leviers importants de l'économie du Maroc. Sa contribution dans le PIB est d’environ 25% et il représente aussi 20% des exportations du royaume. Son exploitation ne profite pas totalement de son potentiel. C’est un secteur à fort potentiel, offrant des opportunités intéressantes en matière d’investissement, d’équipements, de développement de la recherche vers l’innovation, d’accès à des matières premières de qualité, ainsi qu’en termes de formation d’une main d’œuvre qualifiée. Notre étude cherche à évaluer la perception des professionnels sur l’évolution du secteur, par les nouvelles technologies, à savoir l’Intelligence Artificielle (IA) et par l’amélioration du rendement. Cette étude a été réalisé à travers un sondage, suivi d’un questionnaire. L’échantillon de l’étude se compose 163 personnes. Les résultats du sondage étaient repartis comme suit : 86% étaient totalement d’accord, 8% étaient neutres et 6% n’étaient pas d'accord. Les résultats du questionnaire montrent que 55% affirmaient que les nouvelles technologies améliorent les quantités produites, alors que 27% estiment que l’amélioration impacte la qualité et 18% pensent que l’amélioration agit sur la gestion des activités. Les résultats confirment l’importante de l’IA pour le développement du secteur au Maroc

Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial strains isolated from Periplaneta americana and Musca domestica in Tangier, Morocco

Background: Flies and cockroaches are two insects in close contact with human beings. They are carriers of human pathogenic bacteria on the external areas of their bodies or in their digestive tracts. This study examines Periplaneta americana and Musca domestica collected from the residential areas of six districts in Tangier, Morocco. Methodology: In total, 251 bacteria were isolated from external areas of the participants' bodies and the antimicrobial susceptibility was calculated. Results: The predominant bacterial species included Escherichia coli (17.9%), Klebsiella spp. (14.7%), Providencia spp. (9.6%), Staphylococcus spp. (15.1%) and Enterococcus spp. (11.6%). The study showed no difference between the species of bacterial strains from American cockroaches and houseflies. Carbapenems and aminoglycosides were active against 100% of the Gram-negative bacilli isolated in this study. Staphylococcus spp. strains were susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin, levofloxacin and cotrimoxazole, and no antibiotic resistance was found in Enterococcus spp. Conclusions: In our setting, although both cockroaches and flies collected from residential areas may be vectors of human pathogenic bacteria, the infections caused by them are easily treatable as a result of the high susceptibility of their bacteria to antibiotics routinely used in the community or in hospitals

Research and Toxinogenic Characterization of Penicillium Contaminating Goat's Traditional Dairy Products in Northern Morocco

The goat rearing in northern Morocco had known a very important evolution with the introduction of European breeds of goats more productive of milk compared to local breeds. Moulds are common contaminants in many traditional dairy products. Some species are responsible for significant economic losses and major public health problems by producing toxic metabolites like mycotoxins. This work aims to isolate, identify and characterize the mycotoxin-producing species of Penicillium from milk and traditional cheese (Jben) in the different northern region of Morocco, based on microbiological analysis and in vitro identification of Penicillium toxinogenic by fluorescence detection and HPLC analysis. Our microbiological analysis clearly show that the fungal flora is highly developed in goat's milk and Jben: 85 mould and yeast isolates from 57 samples collected. The rate of fungal flora (mould and yeast species) is high, it is around 2,6 104 CFU/ml in milk and 5,90 104 CFU/g in Jben. Penicillium isolates were purified and identified according to macroscopic and microscopic criteria. The proportion of Penicillium (61,53 %) in milk is more than Jben (16,94 %). The most important Penicillium species in two dairy products are P.italicum (23,1% in milk against 5,1 % in Jben), P. cyclopium (7,7 % in milk against 5,1% in cheese), and P. expansum (7,7% in milk against 3,4 % in cheese). According to in vitro identification of Penicillium toxinogenic by fluorescence detection, the majority of Penicillium isolates were able to produce mycotoxin type Citrinin and Ochratoxin A. The capacity of mycotoxin production by the identified strains was confirmed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis. The patulin was produced by all Penicillium isolates, while the citrinin was produced by P. nalgiovense, P. simplicissimum, and P. dipodomyis. Unlike the ochratoxin A was produced by all isolates, except the P. nalgiovense and P. dipodomyis. The presence of toxicogenic Penicillium species in Moroccan traditional goat's dairy products suggeststhat contaminated products according to processing conditions and after storage traditionally could be a risk to the health and safety of consumers. The awareness-raising measures, the professional guidance on the concept of hygienic quality and the tendency to semi-industrial production remain worksites to work more efficiently by the state

Exploring the potential anti-inflammatory and wound-healing proprieties of Cepaea hortensis snail mucin

Long before its popularization as a skincare ingredient, snail slime was reported to have a variety of health-promoting attributes. Its medicinal use involved the treatment of ailments, such as anthrax, hernias, stomach pain, chest pain, as well as tuberculosis. The main aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties of snail slime from Cepaea hortensis (Müller, 1774) (brown garden snail). The slime was extracted by a mild method, and the anti-inflammatory characteristics were determined by croton-oil-induced mouse-ear edema. The histological study showed that the snail slime exerts its action at the level of inflammatory mediators, explaining the drastic decrease of edema (59% in comparison to the 47% of indomethacin). The daily application of 50 µL (15 mg/kg) of snail slime on excision wounds in rabbits proved to induce an almost full tissue repair after 24 days of treatment (87.80–92.7% wound closure in width and length, respectively). Analysis of the slime’s safety aspect allowed affirming the nontoxicity of snail slime on both the skin and eyes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Frequency of genomic mutations mediating resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to rifampicin in Northern Morocco

Drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is challenging particularly in developing countries. As such, a previous investigation gave the first insight into the mutational status of the Rifampicin Resistance Determining Region (RRDR) of rpoB gene among a restricted number of MTB patients’ residents in the Northern Morocco. The purpose of this study was to investigate rpoB mutation types and frequencies associated with resistance to Rifampicin in a larger panel of MTB patients and to evaluate the usefulness of these mutations to improve the diagnosis of resistance to Rifampicin. A panel of 301 consecutive sputum samples belonging to patients suscpected of having TB from Northern Morocco was collected at the Pasteur Institute of Tangier between 2014-2017. Samples were subjected to conventionel microbiological tests. Evaluation of rpoB muational status was assessed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the RRDR of the rpoB gene. DST results showed that 26.4% of strains were MDR. Sequencing results reported single point mutations in 36 of 65 RIFR isolates of which two had two mutations. Aminoacid substitutions in the codon Ser531Leu occurred at the highest frequency (34.46%). Overall, 10 aminoacid substitutions have been registered, and the H526S substitution was reported for the first time. The present study highlighted that resistance to RIF is a reliable marker of MDR-TB, the common mutations successfully detected in the rpoB 531, rpoB526 and rpoB516 codons provide a foundation for the implementation of molecular approaches such as Hain and GeneXpert as a routine tests to detect DR-TB. However, considerable work is still necessary to identify extensive mutations associated with DR-TB

Effect of PGPR on growth and mycorrhization of KT22's peanut variety (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in the northwest of Morocco

Abstract The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent the two main beneficial biofertilizers for agroecological plant growth. Our work is to assess the impact of some bacteria, estimated as PGPR, in interaction with native mycorrhizal fungi on development and growth of peanuts cultivated in the northwest of Morocco. In this framework, the diversity and richness of soil by AMF was assessed by direct counting and morphological identification of spores. The seeds germinated peanuts are inoculated by four bacterial strains: GP70, PT66, ET76 and GT70. After one month of growth, the plant biomass and mycorrhizal parameters were evaluated. The number of AM fungal spores detected in field-collected soils was relatively high. The morphological characters indicated that the spore populations consisted of six morphotypes, of which five main genus have been identified: Acaulospora, Scutellospora, Rhizophagus, Septoglomus and Glomus. Microscopic observations of stained roots showed a significant increase in mycorrhizal and arbuscular intensity for plants inoculated with GP70, PT66 and ET76. However, only inoculation with GP70 promoted a significant increase in aerial dry biomass (ADB) of peanut. Inoculation of plants by GT70 has favored the development of nematodes in root. This phytoparasitic infection is accompanied by an increase in the dry root biomass and a significant reduction in the ADB. The improvement in ADB for plants inoculated with GP70, can be explained by a good synergy between this bacterial strain, native AMF and host plant

Étude comparative de la congélation des fraises marocaines par procéde cryogénique et mécanique

Des fraises de la variété Camarosa Grande, cultivées au Maroc ont été congelées selon deux méthodes: une congélation mécanique par air forcé, et un processus combinant la congélation mécanique et la congélation cryogénique utilisant du CO2 liquide. Les échantillons congelés ont été conservés dans un congélateur pour des durées variées. Ensuite analysés afin de déterminer leur contenu en eau, leur teneur en anthocyanines, vitamine C et sucres totaux ainsi que leur texture. Les résultats indiquent que la méthode de congélation combinée permet d’atteindre la température de–12ºC en 19 min ; alors que la congélation mécanique aboutit à la température de–18ºC en 154 min. Des différences peu significatives de texture et de propriétés chimiques ont été relevées pour les différents échantillons congelés. Néanmoins, on observe une légère différence de constitution entre les fraises fraîches et surgelées. Le procédé de congélation combiné n’a aucun effet néfaste significatif sur la valeur nutritive des fraises. Il a été constaté aussi que la méthode de congélation combinée permet une nette économie d’énergie et de temps pour ce genre de produits

THE MYCORRHIZAL POTENTIAL OF Hedysarum pallidum Desf. IN THE EAST OF MOROCCO

The present work aims to study the symbiotic association of a wild steppic plant (Hedysarum pallidum Desf.) in the abandoned mining area of Touissit (east of Morocco). A detailed description of the mycorrhizal associations in this specie soil and roots is reported for the first time in this study. Soils and roots samples were extracted from the rhizosphere of H. pallidum. The frequency and intensity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inside the roots were measured and the spores were counted and characterized. Microscopic examination of the roots revealed the presence of typical endomycorrhizal structures. The mycorrhizal frequency was greater than 98%, the mycorrhizal intensity was high (50.9%) and arbuscular intensity reached 34.76%. The spore abundance of AMF isolated from the soil was 1200 spores/100g of soil. These spores presented 3 AMF genera: Glomus, Scutellospora and Septoglomus. The diversity of AMF present in the rhizosphere can be selected and used in improving the production of vigorous plants and to promote the rehabilitation of this degraded mining area