834 research outputs found
Essentially nonoscillatory postprocessing filtering methods
High order accurate centered flux approximations used in the computation of numerical solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations produce large oscillations in regions of sharp transitions. Here, we present a new class of filtering methods denoted by Essentially Nonoscillatory Least Squares (ENOLS), which constructs an upgraded filtered solution that is close to the physically correct weak solution of the original evolution equation. Our method relies on the evaluation of a least squares polynomial approximation to oscillatory data using a set of points which is determined via the ENO network. Numerical results are given in one and two space dimensions for both scalar and systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. Computational running time, efficiency, and robustness of method are illustrated in various examples such as Riemann initial data for both Burgers' and Euler's equations of gas dynamics. In all standard cases, the filtered solution appears to converge numerically to the correct solution of the original problem. Some interesting results based on nonstandard central difference schemes, which exactly preserve entropy, and have been recently shown generally not to be weakly convergent to a solution of the conservation law, are also obtained using our filters
High order filtering methods for approximating hyberbolic systems of conservation laws
In the computation of discontinuous solutions of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, the recently developed essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) schemes appear to be very useful. However, they are computationally costly compared to simple central difference methods. A filtering method which is developed uses simple central differencing of arbitrarily high order accuracy, except when a novel local test indicates the development of spurious oscillations. At these points, the full ENO apparatus is used, maintaining the high order of accuracy, but removing spurious oscillations. Numerical results indicate the success of the method. High order of accuracy was obtained in regions of smooth flow without spurious oscillations for a wide range of problems and a significant speed up of generally a factor of almost three over the full ENO method
The ground-based solar observations database BASS 2000
BASS 2000 is the French solar database for ground-based instruments. We
describe hereafter our organization, our tasks and the products we can deliver
to the international community. Our prospects cover data mining into the THeMIS
archive, a participation to the EST endeavour and the creation and curation of
the ESPaDOnS/NARVAL stellar spectra database.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure (to appear in the Procs. of Solar Polarization
Workshop #5, eds. Berdyugina, Nagendra and Ramelli
Piezoelectric and optical setup to measure an electrical field: Application to the longitudinal near-field generated by a tapered coax
We propose a new setup to measure an electrical field in one direction. This
setup is made of a piezoelectric sintered lead zinconate titanate film and an
optical interferometric probe. We used this setup to investigate how the shape
of the extremity of a coaxial cable influences the longitudinal electrical
near-field generated by it. For this application, we designed our setup to have
a spatial resolution of 100 um in the direction of the electrical field.
Simulations and experiments are presented
Marqueurs atmosphériques d'exposition aux particules Diesel
L'évolution du parc français d'automobiles particulières a pris depuis une vingtaine d'années un essor formidable. De près de 12 millions de voitures en 1970, il est passé à 23,5 millions en 1991, soit un doublement. Une telle augmentation entraîne bien évidemment un accroissement de la pollution atmosphérique d'origine automobile et a conduit la Communauté Européenne à réglementer les émissions dès 1970. La pollution automobile était alors traitée comme un problème global, tous types de véhicules confondus. Depuis, deux événements sont venus modifier les règle
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Heart ablation using a planar rectangular high intensity ultrasound transducer and MRI guidance
The aim of this study was to evaluate a flat rectangular (3 × 10 mm2) MRI compatible transducer operating at 5 MHz. The main task was to explore the feasibility of creating deep lesions in heart at a depth of at least 15 mm. The size of thermal necrosis in heart tissue was estimated as a function of power and time using a simulation model. The system was then tested in an excised lamb heart. In this study, we were able to create lesions of 15 mm deep with acoustic power of 6 W for an exposure of approximately 1 min. The contrast to noise ratio (CNR) between lesion and heart tissue was evaluated using fast spin echo (FSE). The CNR value was approximately 22 using T1 W FSE. Maximum CNR was achieved with repetition time (TR) between 300 and 800 ms. Using T2W FSE, the corresponding CNR was approximately 13 for the 14 in vivo experiments. The average lesion depth was 11.93 mm with a standard deviation of 0.62 mm. In vivo irradiation conditions were 6 W for 60 s. The size of the lesion in the other two dimensions was close to 3 × 10 mm2 (size of the transducer element)
Euclidean Distances, soft and spectral Clustering on Weighted Graphs
We define a class of Euclidean distances on weighted graphs, enabling to
perform thermodynamic soft graph clustering. The class can be constructed form
the "raw coordinates" encountered in spectral clustering, and can be extended
by means of higher-dimensional embeddings (Schoenberg transformations).
Geographical flow data, properly conditioned, illustrate the procedure as well
as visualization aspects.Comment: accepted for presentation (and further publication) at the ECML PKDD
2010 conferenc
Electromagnetic Hydrophone with Tomographic System for Absolute Velocity Field Mapping
The velocity and pressure of an ultrasonic wave can be measured by an
electromagnetic hydrophone made of a thin wire and a magnet. The ultrasonic
wave vibrates the wire inside a magnetic field, inducing an electrical current.
Previous articles reported poor spatial resolution of comparable hydrophones
along the axis of the wire. In this study, submillimetric spatial resolution
has been achieved by using a tomographic method. Moreover, a physical model is
presented for obtaining absolute measurements. A pressure differential of 8%
has been found between piezoelectric and electromagnetic hydrophone
measurements. These characteristics show this technique as an alternative to
standard hydrophones
Forces on Dust Grains Exposed to Anisotropic Interstellar Radiation Fields
Grains exposed to anisotropic radiation fields are subjected to forces due to
the asymmetric photon-stimulated ejection of particles. These forces act in
addition to the ``radiation pressure'' due to absorption and scattering. Here
we model the forces due to photoelectron emission and the photodesorption of
adatoms. The ``photoelectric'' force depends on the ambient conditions relevant
to grain charging. We find that it is comparable to the radiation pressure when
the grain potential is relatively low and the radiation spectrum is relatively
hard. The calculation of the ``photodesorption'' force is highly uncertain,
since the surface physics and chemsitry of grain materials are poorly
understood at present. For our simple yet plausible model, the photodesorption
force dominates the radiation pressure for grains with size >~0.1 micron
exposed to starlight from OB stars. We find that the anisotropy of the
interstellar radiation field is ~10% in the visible and ultraviolet. We
estimate size-dependent drift speeds for grains in the cold and warm neutral
media and find that micron-sized grains could potentially be moved across a
diffuse cloud during its lifetime.Comment: LaTeX(41 pages, 19 figures), submitted to Ap
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