Wave Energy Study Breakwater Device 2Gw Power Station Reference Design 1980

In 1978 a report was submitted by National Engineering Laboratory to the Department of Energy on a floating version of the Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Device (Reference 1). It was apparent that such a concept, while havi~g simple and robust structure and plant, would have problems (in common with all other floating wave energy devices) with moorings and electrical umbilical systems since these lay beyond current technology. These elements amounted to approximately one fifth of the capital and maintenance costs, and it was evident that a fixed bottom mounted (breakwater type) device would therefore be 1worthy of investigation. Accordingly this report sets out the results of a study of the bottom standing concept and concludes that such a device when fully developed would have a part to play in any wave power programme. The Breakwater Device does not require the development of revolutionary technology or materials for its design, construction or operation. It eliminates the need for new and untried mooring methods or materials. Its fixity enables existing rigid type underwater electrical cables to satisfy the power transmission requirements, therefore obviating one of the main problem areas. The structure is now designed to have a low material content. There is also some potential for increased power output using active valve control. Plant and structure maintenance is greatly simplified by fixing the structure, thereby providing both a stable base for onboard work and adjacent sheltered water for crane and maintenance vessels. The design concept reported herein demonstrates both the practicability and viability of this approach and highlights areas where additional information and research would benefit the scheme

Records of the State of Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Maine Sardine Industry, 1966

Annual reports of the Maine Sardine Industry Research and Quality Control Laboratory, including grade summaries and case distribution of Sardines by can (e.g., keyless, key open), pack style (e.g., oil, mustard, tomato), and average number of fish per can in a given Season; also includes map showing division of coastal areas under the jurisdiction of the Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries, 1966

Wave Energy Study: Nel Oscillating Water Column Bottom Standing Device, Preliminary Study Addendum

The original report dated May 1979 has been revised to take account of newly available data. Output predictions have been revised and agreed with Rendel Palmer and Tritten. New costs have been calculated which show a 66% reduction when compared with the floating design. The target of 10p/kWh appears to be within reach

Wave Energy Study: Nel Oscillating Water Column (Wave Piston) Bottom Standing Device, Updated Interim Study

During the development of the second Interim Reference Design for the National Engineering Laboratory Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Device (reference 1) it became apparent that there would be considerable problems associated with the moorings and power transmission riser. It was seen that these areas represented approximately 21% of the capital cost and 18% of the continuing maintenance cost of the floating device. These costs could be avoided by a bottom standing structure. Accordingly this feasibility study was initiated by NEL to establish the basic concept for a bottom standing oscillating water column. It was assumed that the device would be situated off the west coast of the Outer Hebrides. On the basis of the study carried out for the floating units two principal design criteria were identified. 1. As little construction work as possible should be performed at the offshore site location. 2. The amount of structure required to resist long term hydrostatic pressures should be minimised

Wave Energy Study: Nel Oscillating Water Column, Bottom Standing Device, Preliminary Study

The feasibility of a bottom standing oscillating water column wave energy device is studied. Several methods of providing foundations using existing technology are outlined. One method is selected and examined in greater detail. Recommendations for extension of the study are given

Wave Energy Study: Nel Oscillating Water Column, 100 Mw Power Station, 2Nd Interim Reference Design

An interim reference design for the NEL Oscillating Water Column has been developed to the stage where construction in reinforced concrete or structural steelwork is practicable, using existing or developed technology. This is described together with a philosophy for operation and maintenance. Lithgows Limited, Port Glasgow, contributed the study of the construction of the reference design in steel

The role of the reactor size for an investment in the nuclear sector: an evaluation of not-financial parameters

The literature presents many studies about the economics of new Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Such studies are based on Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) methods encompassing the accounts related to Construction, Operation & Maintenance, Fuel and Decommissioning. However the investment evaluation of a nuclear reactor should also include not-financial factors such as siting and grid constraints, impact on the national industrial system, etc. The Integrated model for the Competitiveness Assessment of SMRs (INCAS), developed by Politecnico di Milano cooperating with the IAEA, is designed to analyze the choice of the better Nuclear Power Plant size as a multidimensional problem. In particular the INCAS’s module “External Factors” evaluates the impact of the factors that are not considered in the traditional DCF methods. This paper presents a list of these factors, providing, for each one, the rationale and the quantification procedure; then each factor is quantified for the Italian case. The IRIS reactor has been chosen as SMR representative. The approach and the framework of the model can be applied to worldwide countries while the specific results apply to most of the European countries. The results show that SMRs have better performances than LRs with respect to the external factors, in general and in the Italian scenario in particular

Predicting the cost of the consequences of a large nuclear accident in the UK

Nuclear accidents have the potential to lead to significant off-site effects that require actions to minimise the radiological impacts on people. Such countermeasures may include sheltering, evacuation, restrictions on the sale of locally-grown food, and long-term relocation of the population amongst others. Countries with nuclear facilities draw up emergency preparedness plans, and put in place such provisions as distributing instructions and iodine prophylaxis to the local population. Their plans are applied in simulated exercises on a regular basis. The costs associated with emergency preparedness and the safety provisions to reduce the likelihood of an accident, and/or mitigate the consequences, are justified on the basis of the health risks and accident costs averted. There is, of course, only limited actual experience to indicate the likely costs so that much of the costing of accidents is based on calculations. This paper reviews the methodologies used, in particular the approach that has been developed in the UK, to appraise the costs of a hypothetical nuclear accident. Results of analysing a hypothetical nuclear accident at a fictitious reactor site within the United Kingdom are discussed in relation to the accidents at Three Mile Island 2, Chernobyl and Fukushima Dai-ichi

タイ北部のChiang Mai市における学生の栄養素摂取量に関する実態調査

タイの学生の食生活および栄養摂取状況を明らかにするために,「簡易食物摂取状況調査表(タイ版)」を作成し、Chiang Mai大学の学生を対象に栄養素摂取量についての調査を行った。エネルギー摂取量は、1日あたり全体で平均1,756.4kcalであり、男性で1,792.4kcal、女性で1,740.5kcalと男女間で有意な差は認められなかった。タンパク質および炭水化物の1日あたりの摂取量にっいては、それぞれ男性で58.2gおよび293.9g、女性で56.7gおよび283.8gであった。脂質の摂取量(平均42.4g/日)および脂肪エネルギー比(平均21.6%)については,男女で差異が見られなかった。学生の朝食欠食率については,男女合わせて全体で43.0%であった。朝食の欠食者のエネルギー摂取量は平均1,591.0kcal/日と,1日に3回の食事を摂取している学生の1,881.3kcal/日と比べて,統計学的に有意に低値であった。朝食欠食者にはイライラやだるさ、疲労感などの不定愁訴の症状が現れる割合が高いことが知られている。学生の健康維持や食生活を改善するためには,健康教育プログラムの中において,栄養教育と共に,食事指導やカウンセリングなどが必要と考えられる。To elucidate a general view of eating habits of people in Thailand, a questionnaire survey was conducted that examined the current nutritional status of university students in urban Chiang Mai. The subjects comprised 98 healthy students with an average age of 21.5 years from two classes at Chiang Mai University. They were requested to answer the self-reported questionnaire in their classes. Entitled the "Simplified Questionnaire of Food Intake", it contains 17 items related to dietary habits. It was revised for Thai people in the Thai language. A total of 88 students answered the questionnaire completely. These students took in 1, 756.4 kcal on average from 57.2g protein, 287.1g carbohydrate and 42.4g lipid daily. The relative energy of lipid was 22.6% on average. These percentages were close to the estimated averages of 64.3% carbohydrate, 13.4% protein and 22.2% lipid as energy sources by the National Nutrition Committee. There were no differences in the daily intake of energy and these macronutrients between male and female students. The incidence of students without a breakfast was 43.0% on average. These students took in only 1, 591.0 kcal/day, which was significantly lower than 1, 881.3 kcal/day in students consuming 3 meals daily (p<0.001). It is reported that breakfast is effective against impatience, fatigue and laziness. It was suggested that those students with irregular dietary habits are in need of nutritional guidance and counseling in the health promotion program of the university to maintain their good health and improve their eating habits