PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS WARGA PESANTREN AL- MUNAWWARAH UNTUK MENDUKUNG PENGELOLAAN SISTEM PENGOLAHAN AIR TERINTEGRASI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA

Access to clean water and energy independence, which are part of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), are still the main problems faced by the Pesantren Al-Munawwarah. Therefore, the Pesantren, in collaboration with the Green Society Partnership (GSP) team, which is part of the Community Partnership Program, has built a clean water treatment system integrated with solar photovoltaic (PV).  This paper aims to describe the community partnership program by improving the capacity building of Pesantren Al-Munawwarah residents to ensure sustainable management of the established water treatment facility. The capacity building method is delivered in the form of knowledge and skills transfer to the residents of Pesantren Al Munawwarah, i.e.: (1) Focus Group Discussion (FGD), which is carried out before project commissioning; (2) Training on its operation and maintenance, carried out after project commissioning; (3) Providing tutorial video on the operation and maintenance of the clean water treatment system integrated with solar PV.  Based on the evaluation results, most trainees experienced increased knowledge and skills in managing the clean water treatment system integrated with solar PV. In addition, the trainees are satisfied with the capacity-building program implemented and hope that mentoring activities like this will continue to be carried out. --- Akses terhadap air bersih dan kemandirian energi yang merupakan bagian dari Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), masih menjadi masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh Pesantren Al-Munawwarah. Oleh karena itu, pihak Pesantren bekerja sama dengan Tim Green Society Partnership (GSP) yang merupakan bagian dari Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) telah membangun sistem pengolahan air bersih yang terintegrasi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS). Paper ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan program Kemitraan masyarakat berupa peningkatan kapasitas warga Pondok Pesantren Al-Munawwarah untuk menjamin keberlangsungan pengelolaan fasilitas pengolahan air tersebut. Metode peningkatan kapasitas ini berupa transfer pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada warga Pesantren Al Munawwarah, yaitu: (1) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang dilaksanakan sebelum project commissioning; (2) Pelatihan tentang operasi dan pemeliharaannya yang dilaksanakan setelah project commissioning; (3) Penyediaan video tutorial tentang pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan Sistem Pengelolaan Air Bersih terintegrasi PLTS. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, mayoritas peserta mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan serta keterampilan terkait pengelolaan fasilitas pengolahan air tersebut. Selain itu, peserta pelatihan puas dengan program peningkatan kapasitas yang dilaksanakan dan berharap kegiatan pendampingan seperti ini akan terus dilakukan

Photodegradation Of Diazinon Pesticide In Suspension Of TiO2

Study on photodegradation of diazinon pesticide in suspension of TiO2 under ultra violet (UV) illumination was conducted. The aims of study are to determine the effective mass of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the effect of catalyst in initial concentration, the half time, the rate constant, and the rate of degradation reaction. Experimental photocatalytic reactor model was designed and constructed as suspension reactor. Determination of the effective mass of TiO2, the concentration of diazinon residu was performed by HPLC . The concentrations of illuminated diazinon solution were colected as various effective mass of TiO2 and expressed as the concentration vs the mass of TiO2. The mass of TiO2 in minimum diazinon concentration was a the effective mass. The concentration of illuminated diazinon and illumination time relationships was expressed in the graph as ln C/C0 = - k t and regarded as a pseudo first-order. The half time, the rate constant, and the degradation rate was analyzed from the graph. The results show that the photocatalytic degradation of pesticide diazinon by using TiO2 under UV illumination was run effectively in the mass of 12.5 mg for the diazinon concentration of 25 mg/l. The decreasing of initial concentration of diazinon is 90.4 % in 120 minutes. The half time, the rate constant, and the degradation rate are 36,869 minute, 0.0188 /minute, and 0,470 mg/l minute, respectively. Keywords : Kinetic, degradation, diazinon, TiO

Sensor Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Berbasis TiO2/Ti Sebagai Elektroda Kerja Untuk Mendeteksi Rhodamine B

Photoelectrocatalytic degradation towards rhodamine B (RhB) organic compound has been conducted by using TiO2/Ti as the working electrode. The preparation of TiO2/Ti working electrode was conducted by using anodizing method to compare the data related to the activity of the electrodes. The results showed that TiO2/Ti electrodes was able to change the surface morphology of the electrodes to become more homogeneous. From the test results photoelectrocatalysis activity was obtained at a COD value of 20.40 mL/L which occurred in RhB dyes with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L. Keywords: photoelectrocatalysis, degradation, rhodamine B, TiO2/Ti. ABSTRAK  Degradasi secara fotoelektrokatalitik senyawa organik rhodamine B (RhB) telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan TiO2/Ti sebagai elektroda kerja. Penyusunan elektroda kerja TiO2/Ti disiapkan dengan menggunakan metode anodasi untuk membandingkan data yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas elektroda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa elektroda TiO2/Ti mampu mengubah morfologii permukaan elektroda menjadi lebih homogen. Dari hasil uji aktifitas fotoelektrokatalisis diperoleh pada nilai COD 20,40 mL/L yang terjadi pada zat warna RhB dengan konsentrasi awal 10 mg/LKata Kunci: fotoelektrokatalisis, degradasi, rhodamin B, TiO2/Ti

Variation of Chemical Elements and their Associations in Laterite Soil Profile

The objective of this study was to evaluate the variations of twelve chemical elements (Ni, Fe, Co, Mg, Mn, Al, Si, Zn, Ti, P, Ca and Cr) in laterite soil profiles from Wantulasi area in South East Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. Eighty four (84) samples of three profiles (i.e. each profile consists of eight samples) had been used to study their variations in soil using  the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Results analysis of the chemical elements content in three profile using XRF indicated that there were good correlationsbetween the chemical elements in the soil profile with the significant correlations were found in Ni and Fe, Ni and Si, Ti and P, Fe and Al, and Co and Mn, respectively. On the other hand,the results of study showed that the variations of the chemical elements could be related to the enrichment and translocation of the elements  in soil profile and also their possibilities to be related with a given chemical elements in soil profile. Therefore, we suggest that the observed patterns in chemical elements with a good correlation in laterite profile can be used as proxies to integrate the evaluation of the chemical and physical weathering process based on the elements characteristics in soil profiles

Batu Bata Ringan Dengan Filler Paduan Serat Ijuk Aren dan Sekam Padi Terkarbonasi

Selama ini keberadaan ijuk aren dan sekam padi terkarbonasi belum di manfaatkan secara maksimal terutama dalam dunia konstruksi yang bersifat non struktural dalam pembuatan batu bata ringan.  Secara teoritis penambahan serat dalam  pembuatan batu bata ringan dengan filler serat ijuk aren dan sekam padi terkarbonasi mampu menambah kuat tekan pada pasangan batu bata ringan untuk keperluan non struktural, dimana secara terbatas material serat dapat di gunakan dari bahan-bahan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan unntuk mengetahui  pengaruh  komposisi  tanah  liat  dari  serat  ijuk  aren  dan  sekam  padi terkarbonasi  terhadap  karakteristik  batu  bataringan  (berat  jenis,  sifat  mekanik).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi terbaik antara batu  bata  dan  filler serta ijuk aren  dan  sekam  padi  terkarbonasi  adalah  komposisi  4.500/50  ijuk/450  sekam,  dengan massa  jenis  950  g/cm³,  kuat  tekan  3,012  MPa.  Sedangkan  batu  bata  ringan  tanpa  filler diperoleh  massa  jenis  1250  g/cm3  dan  morfologi  yang  berpori.  Peningkatan  komposisi sekam padi terkarbonasi cenderung meningkatkan kekuatan mekaniknya, hal ini menja- dikan batu bata lebih ringan dan memperbaiki sifat mekaniknya

Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose Produced by Acetobacter xylinum Strain LKN6 Using Sago Liquid Waste as Nutrient Source

Background and Objective: Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is an exopolysaccharide produced by bacteria with unique structural and mechanical properties and is highly pure compared to plant cellulose. This study aimed to produce novel bacterial cellulose using sago liquid waste substrate and evaluate its characteristics as a potential bioplastic. Materials and Methods: Production of BC by static batch fermentation was studied in sago liquid waste substrate using Acetobacter xylinum LKN6. The BC structure was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Mechanical properties were measured include tensile strength,elongation at break, elasticity (Young's modulus) and Water Holding Capacity (WHC). Results: The BC yield from sago liquid waste as a nutrients source was achieved 12.37 g LG1 and the highest BC yield 14.52 g LG1 in sago liquid waste medium with a sugar concentration of 10% (w/v) after 14 days fermentation period. The existence of bacterial cellulose is proven by FT-IR spectroscopy analysis based on the appearance of absorbance peaks, which are C-C bonding, C-O bonding, C-OH bonding and C-O-C bonding and represents the fingerprints of pure cellulose. The mechanical properties of BC from sago liquid waste were showed a tensile strength of 44.2-87.3 MPa, elongation at break of 4.8-5.8%, Young's Modulus of 0.86-1.64 GPa and water holding capacity of 85.9-98.6 g gG1. Conclusion: The results suggest that sago liquid waste has great potential to use as a nutrient source in the production of bacterial cellulose and BC's prospect as the bioplastic

Ag3PO4-Red Banyan Fruit Extract (Ficus benjamina. L) Nanocomposite for Degradation of Detergent Waste

Detergents waste containing SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) still becomes a major environmental problem that must be overcomed. The degradation of SDS by silver phosphate (Ag3PO4)-Red Banyan extract nanocomposite was performed under visible light. This research aimed to determine the percentage decrease in SDS concentration  under visible light by using Ag3PO4 facilitated extract of red banyan fruit. The Ag3PO4-Red Banyan extract nanocomposite was prepared by coprecipitation method and facilitated by a red banyan extract solvent. The result showed that the silver composite phosphate (Ag3PO4) facilitated red banyan extract had a percentage of SDS degradation i.e. 85.9% for 2 hours. This result showed that the silver composite phosphate (Ag3PO4)-a red fruit extract becomes a promising ingredient for degrading SDS in aquatic environment environments

Properties and Application of Edible Modified Bacterial Cellulose Film Based Sago Liquid Waste as Food Packaging

Bacterial cellulose (BC) based on sago liquid waste has been developed to be used as food packaging. This study investigated the physicochemical and mechanical properties of modified BC film and its application as food packaging. The modified BC film performed carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer and glycerol as a plasticizer. Films were prepared by casting technique using BC as the primary material and composites with various concentrations of CMC and glycerol (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, v/v). BC film was applied as the packaging of meat sausage, and the quality of meat sausage was measured based on weight loss, moisture content, pH, protein content, and total microbial count. The addition of CMC and glycerol influences the physical and mechanical properties of BC composites film. The best mechanical properties of edible BC film were collected by adding 1% CMC and 1% glycerol with a tensile strength of 17.47 MPa, elongation at a break of 25.60%, and Young’s modulus of 6.54 GPa. FTIR analysis showed the characteristic bands of BC, and the addition of CMC and glycerol slightly changed the FTIR spectrum of the composites. The utilization of modified BC-based sago liquid waste film as the packaging of meat sausage could maintain sausage quality during 6 days of storage at room temperature. Therefore, edible BC film has the potential to be used as food packaging. Keywords: bacterial cellulose; edible film; food packaging; sago liquid wast

The quality of acid soils treated with seaweed (Kappapychus alvarezii) sap enriched biochar from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Biochar enriched with fertilizers has the potential to improve the quality of acid soils. In the agricultural sector, it was reported that the sap of Kappapychus alvarezii (K-sap) is often used as a biofertilizer. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) examine the character of biochar enriched with the K-sap and (ii) analyze the soil quality after incubation. This study was carried out using two treatment factors arranged in a randomized block design, namely the biochar dose at 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% in weight and K-sap at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%.  Ten kilograms of acid soil were incubated with K-sap enriched biochar for up to 2 weeks in each experimental pot. The results showed that the absorption band increased with the K-sap concentration for the functional group associated with the OH-stretching of the biochar enriched with K-sap was stronger and wider than the unenriched. The peak elevation pattern detected by X-ray diffraction for all biochars was similar. The dosage of 7.5% biochar enriched with 5%-10% K-sap concentrations increased pH, EC, organic C, total N, C:N ratio, available P, and exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and Si than those without treatment. Furthermore, ammonium and total spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi decreased, flagellates increased with and without the biochar, while the nitrate, total bacteria, and fungi of all treatments were similar. Based on these results, it was concluded that biochar enriched with K-sap could improve the quality of acid soil

Functionalization of Chitosan with Maleic Anhydride for Proton Exchange Membrane

Chitosan was modified by maleic anhydride, and it was then functionalized using heterogeneous and blending method to obtain the membrane. The results of the reaction between chitosan with maleic anhydride were signed by the new peak appears around 1475 cm-1 which attributed to C=C bending of alkene. The new peak also appears at 1590 cm-1 which attributed to N-H bending of amide. Chitosan-maleic anhydride membranes show microstructure of chitosan membrane with high porous density and rigidity while chitosan-maleic anhydride membranes have clusters. In addition, the thermal tenacity of membranes reached 500 °C. Modified membrane by heterogeneous and blending method have higher water uptake, ion exchange capacity, and proton conductivity than chitosan membrane. Moreover, the blending method is much more effective than the heterogeneous method that can be exhibited from ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity values of 1.08–6.38 meq g-1 and 1x10-3–1x10-2 S cm-1, 0.92–2.27 meq g-1 and 1.53x10-4–3.04x10-3 S cm-1, respectively. The results imply that modification of chitosan membrane with the addition of maleic anhydride using heterogeneous and blending method can be applied to proton exchange membrane