The Effect of the Type of Planting Media and The Addition of O2 Nanobubbles on the Growth of Dendrobium burana Green × Ong Ang Ai Boon Orchid Plantlets in Vitro

Dendrobium orchids come in a variety of colors, shapes, and beauty that are in great demand. The process of growing orchids requires special handling of an appropriate growing environment, such as proper planting media and nutrients that can stimulate orchid growth. This type of thin liquid film media is the use of liquid media with an immersion system while vermiculite and perlite media have almost the same properties. However, vermiculite has a higher water absorption capacity than perlite. Nanobubbles are bubbles with 1-100 nm that can live more stably in water. This study aims to influence the type of media and the addition of Nanobubbles O2 on the growth of Dendrobium burana Green × Ong Ang Ai Boon orchid plantlets. This research was carried out from November to December 2022 at the PT. Java Indo Arjuna Singosari, Malang. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments, namely solid MS, gaviota solid, thin liquid film, thin liquid film + NBs O2, vermiculite, vermiculite + NBs O2, perlite, perlite + NBs O2, vermiculite + Perlite, vermiculite + perlite + NBs O2 with 4 replications. The data were analyzed descriptively and the Manova test. The results showed that the vermiculite + NBs O2 treatment had the potential to increase the length of plantlets by 13.80 mm, the wet weight of plantlets by 0.30 g, the percentage of live plantlets by 100% whereas in the vermiculite + perlite treatment has the potential for the first root growth to appear, namely 5 HST. The vermiculite treatment had the potential to increase the highest number of leaves by 5 leaves, whereas in the leaf color treatment the solid MS treatment had a more intense green color

The Application of Cows Rumen for Electricity Generation Through The Implementation of A Ceramic-Based Microbial Fuel Cell System

The growth in population is not adequately matched by the corresponding increase in energy demand. The imperative for prioritizing the exploration of alternative energy sources that possess attributes of safety, affordability, and ample access to raw materials cannot be overstated. An energy source with significant potential is a microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based energy source. This study aims to investigate the utilization of cow rumen as a substrate and source of nutrition in the bioenergy system of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The present study aims to investigate the impact of substrate concentration and bacterial incubation duration derived from bovine rumen bacteria on the attainment of optimal power density. The research employed a Dual Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) device using a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) constructed from ceramic materials. Daily observations were conducted over a period of 30 days. The performance of MFC was assessed utilizing the polarization technique. The findings indicated that altering the proportion of bovine rumen bacterial substrates and the duration of bacterial incubation had an impact on the power density seen in the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) system. The optimal conditions were attained when the substrate concentration reached 3640 ppm and after 7 days, resulting in a maximum power density of 864 mW/m2

Conversion of LDPE Plastic Oil to Gasoline by Supercritical Water Liquefaction

LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) is one of the plastic waste that is often found in the surrounding environment. Based on data from the National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN) in 2022, waste in Indonesia reached 17.834.071 tons/year with 18.5% being plastic waste. Plastic waste management generally uses recycling. However, recycling plastic waste is not efficient enough in tackling plastic waste in Indonesia. Recently, a promising alternative recycling method for the future is pyrolysis, a process to convert plastic into fuel oil. However, the pyrolyzed oil still contains impurities that reduce the quality of the oil. As an effort to improve the quality of pyrolysis oil, the author proposes the addition of zeolite catalyst in the pyrolysis process followed by the Supercritical Water Liquefaction (SWL) method. The zeolite catalyst aids the degradation process thereby accelerating the reaction rate. The SWL method is able to convert plastic waste into low molecular weight chemicals. The results obtained will be analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to determine the length of the carbon chain in the sample. Based on the chromatography data, it is found that the number of peaks and retention times show carbon chains ranging from C8-C12, from these results it can be identified that the sample is included in kerosene or kerosene compounds. After the SWL process, the percentage of kerosene and diesel is reduced to 11% gasoline. So the Supercritical Water Liquefaction process is proven to break down long hydrocarbon chains into lighter ones

Antibacterial Test of Kedondong Hutan Leaf (Spondias pinnata) Against Salmonella typhi

Kedondong hutan (Spondias pinnata) is a plant belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, plant that grows a lot in the Sulawesi area, one of which is in the Poso area, Central Sulawesi. The surrounding community uses this plant as a traditional food preparation which is often called the "Arogo Onco" by the community. Kedondong hutan contains active compounds that have the potential as antibacterial, namely flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of forest kedondong leaves in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria. The extraction process was done the decoctation method using aquadest and while the antibacterial test was done using the diffusion method against three bacterial strains namely Salmonella typhi BPE 127.1 MC, BPE 122.4 CCA and NCTC 786. The results showed that the leaf extract of kedondong hutan (Spondias pinnata) contained flavonoids, saponins and tannins with the results of the analysis of total flavonoids 1514,9 mgQE/g, saponins 0.613% and tannins 8,94 mgTA/g. The results of the antibacterial test showed the greatest inhibitory power at a concentration of 100%. Salmonella typhi BPE 127.1 MC, BPE 122.4 CCA, NCTC 786, was the inhibition zone 17.67±0.58 mm, 15.67±0.58 mm and 20.33±0.58 mm were included in the category of strong inhibition zone

Variations of Coconut Shell, Rice Husk, and Bagasse as an Alternative of Briquettes Materials

The current energy condition is getting thinner meanwhile people's daily lives still use a lot of energy derived from fossil fuels so that its use is increasing with limited availability. An alternative to reduce the use of fossil energy is by utilizing waste biomass as an energy source one of them is briquetts. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of briquettes from a variety of briquette mixtures made from coconut shells, rice husks, and bagasse. The method used is survey and experimental. The survey of sampling coconut shells was carried out in the Seberang Ulu I area, rice husks in the Pegayut area, and bagasse was obtained at the ice cane traders in the Seberang Ulu I area. The data obtained were presented in graphical form and analyzed descriptively. The results obtained are the water content in the variation of the combination of briquette-making materials ranging from 4.23 - 5.13%, ash content of 7.6 - 7.86%, the density value obtained is 0.55 - 0.59 g/cm3, the compressive strength value is 25.67 - 37.33 kg/cm2, and the calorific value is 4756 - 4865 cal/gr. The results showed there is not significant differences in moisture content, ash content, and compressive strength, while the density and calorific value showed significant differences

Potential of Ecoenzymes and N2 Nanobubbles on the Growth of Phalaenopsis sp. Orchid at the Acclimatization Stage

Growth is a quantitative change during one plant’s life cycle and is irreversible.withaddition An in crease the volume or dry weight of plants or other organs is due to the adding, of new structural elements. Phalaenopsis (moth orchid) is a genus of orchids appeal. The diversity of colors, shapes, and textures, as well as its aroma, make Phalaenopsis orchids one of the charming flowers of Indonesia. Ecoenzyme is a solution of complex organic substances produced from the fermentation of organic residues, sugar, and water. Nanobubbles (NBs) are an example of nanotechnology. NBs have a diameter of 1-100 nm and are nanoscopic gas bubbles in a solution or water that can change the characteristics of water and are stable. This study aims to determine the potential of giving Ecoenzyme and NBs N2 on the growth of Phalaenopsis orchids during the acclimatization stage. This research was conducted from October to December 2022 at the Orchidology and Nursery Laboratory, Islamic University of Malang. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments, namely 0 mL/L (control), 1 mL/L Ecoenzyme, 2 mL/L Ecoenzyme, 3 mL/L Ecoenzyme, 4 mL/L Ecoenzyme, 4 combination NBs N2 and Ecoenzymes, and 5 mL NBs N2 with 3 replications, making a total of 30 treatment units. The research parameters included the number of leaves, leaf length, number of roots, root length, plant height, fresh weight, and plant dry weight. The results of this study showed that the treatment of 3 mL/L Ecoenzyme showed potential in increasing the number of leaves by 4 pieces: at the same time the optimal concentration of the combination of Ecoenzyme and NBs was 2 mL/L plus 5 mL NBs N2 in increasing the number of roots by 10 pieces, and the optimal concentration of NBs was 5 mL in increasing the root length by 7.07 cm, plant height by 17.10 cm leaf. length, plant weight by 4.16 g and dry weight by 0.85 g in Phalaenopsis orchids

Design Smart Installation Household Electricity Using Solar Panels 600 Watts on Grid Capacity

Energy security plays an important role, especially in the modern and digital era which continues to increase in use. The availability of renewable energy sources is very abundant in tropical countries of Indonesia, especially solar energy sources that can be used to meet electricity needs on a household scale without worrying about limitations and pollution. This study aims to design electrical installations using solar panels with an autonomous drive system following Arduino uno-based sunlight with a capacity of 600 watts on-grid to reduce the cost burden of PLN and reduce air pollution. The addition of Arduino uno autonomous devices plays a role in increasing the efficiency of solar radiation received thereby increasing the output power of the installation. The result of this study is the design of a power plant installation with a solar cell with a capacity of 600 watts with 13 50-watt monocrystalline PV solar modules with supporting components, such as a 1000-watt inverter, and an efficiency device in the form of an Arduino uno-based autonomous drive system. This research produces data on the benefits obtained by using this tool amounting to Rp. 12.500 / month for 20 years of efficiency in using solar panels

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of Extract from Soil Bacteria Isolated from Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi

Soil bacteria could be the promising source of secondary metabolites with diverse pharmacological activities. Bacteria coded as P1 and M7 were isolated from soil obtained from Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi. This research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity, cytotoxic property, and identify the chemical profile of the extract derived from soil bacteria P1 and M7. Based on 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, extract derived from P1 isolate was moderately active against ABTS free radical with IC50 of 126.22±10.82 µg/mL, and less active on DPPH (IC50: 721.95±16.59 µg/mL), while M7 extract was less active towards DPPH and ABTS. Interestingly, these extracts in the concentration of 100 µg/mL were cytotoxic to breast cancer cell (MCF-7), as tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. MCF-7 viability was decreased up to 69.83±1.46 % and 61.49±0.76 % after treated with P1 and M7 extract, respectively. The extracts were also induced membrane disruption and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. The extracts contained phenol (9.52±0.22 and 10.41±0.09 mg EAG/g extract, for P1 and M7, respectively) and flavonoids (9.16±0.16 and 9.29±0.24 mg EQ/g extract, for P1 and M7, respectively). According to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, Pyrrolo[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) that previously well known as antioxidant and cytotoxic compounds, were found in the M7 and P1 extract. This compound may play a vital role in the radical scavenging and cytotoxic properties of P1 and M7 extracts. The results of this study indicate that P1 and M7 extracts could be the potential source of antioxidant and cytotoxic compounds and need to be further developed for pharmaceutical use

Growth Pattern and Degradation Activity of Caffeine-degrading Bacteria Consortium

Caffeine-degrading bacteria can be used as agents to degrade caffeine, thereby reducing the concentration of caffeine in organic waste. The decomposition process is carried out by a single bacterium or a consortium of bacteria. Caffeine-degrading bacteria from Sempol, Bondowoso, namely Acinetobacter gerneri KAFS 47, Paracoccus denitrificans KAFS 16 and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida KAFS 34, could be used as a bacterial consortium to promote caffeine degradation. The aim of this study was to analyze associations between caffeine-degrading bacteria isolates, bacterial resistance to antibiotics, growth patterns, and caffeine degradation of a consortium of caffeine-degrading bacteria, and the correlation of bacterial growth with caffeine degradation. The research method used is an analysis of the association between isolates, the development of bacterial consortium growth patterns, and their analysis based on antibiotic resistance, patterning of caffeine degradation, and correlation test (Pearson) of bacterial growth with caffeine degradation. The result of the association test between bacteria showed that the three bacteria had the potential to be used as a consortium of caffeine-degrading bacteria. A. Gerneri, P. denitrificans, and P. plecoglossicida were resistant to the antibiotic cefixime (100 ppm), erythromycin (50 ppm), lincomycin (50 ppm), metronidazole (50 ppm), and sanprima (50 ppm). The growth of the bacterial consortium (54.779 CFU/mL) was higher than that of P. plecoglossicida (49.277 CFU/mL) and lower than that of A. gerneri (93.481 CFU/mL) and P. denitrificans (84.940 CFU/mL) in incubation time of 4 days. However, the consortium of bacteria and P. plecoglossicida were able to degrade caffeine 24 hours faster (3 days) than the other two single isolates (4 days) to degrade 2.5 g/L caffeine in media to 0%. Bacterial growth due to caffeine degradation has a perfect correlation value (>0. 950) and is negative