Growth and Yield Dinamics of Rainfed Rice Fields by Providing Municipal Solid Waste Compost

The productivity of rice in Panai Tengah was still relatively low with a production of 4.75 tons.ha-1, compared to the national production of 5 to 6 tons.ha-1. Low rice productivity was caused by land use limiting factors, namely, physical and biological factor, soil chemistry, and agricultural systems. The provision of organic fertilizer or municipal waste compost is one way to overcome the constraints on the physical, biological and chemical characteristics of the soil. This study aims to determine the response to growth and yield of rainfed ricefield in Kecamatan Panai Tengah with a dose of municipal solid waste compost. This research was conducted by taking soil samples in the rainfed ricefields and then analyzed in the experimental field at the Faculty of Science and Technology, Labuhan Batu University. The analysis stage was for six months from seeding to harvesting. The methodology for this study was a non-factorial randomized block design, consisting of 7 treatments. The result showed that the application of Municipal Solid Waste Compost at a dose of 18 tons/ha showed high yields. The recommendation to farmers was to giving 18 tons/ha dose of municipal waste compost to increasing the yields of their ricefields

STUDY OF SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ON PALM OIL PRODUCTIVITY IN PT. GSA EAST KALIMANTAN

East Kalimantan is a region that contributes to palm oil production. Industrial development in the area is still lacking in some plantations, limiting palm oil productivity. This study examined the chemical properties of the soil on the PT Gemilang Sejahtera Abadi plantation,  East Kalimantan Province. Observations were made in four fields with the same variety but different production levels. Correlation analysis and simple linear regression were used to identify factors that influence productivity. The soil on the plantation land is dominated by Typic Hapludults soil type, which is included in the ultisol order. The highest productivity was found in afdeling 1, 2, and 5, while the lowest production was in afdeling 4. The pH in each afdeling was classified as acidic, the nutrient content was C-organic, nitrogen and base saturation were low. The CEC in afdelings 1 and 2 was classified as medium, while in afdelings 4 and 5, it was classified as low. All correlation analyses showed a positive relationship between the variables and palm oil productivity, with low to very low correlation coefficients for pH, C-organic, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Base Saturation. The CEC correlation coefficient ranged from strong to very strong

Impact of Land Use on Soil Water Retention in Inceptisols of the Upper Konto Watershed

The Upper Konto Watershed in Malang Regency is an area with various types of land use that have the potential to influence soil physical properties and soil water retention. Soil water retention is the ability of soil to absorb and retain water, which is closely related to the availability of water that can be utilized by plants. One of the soil types that dominate this region is inceptisol, which can face constraints in water retention, especially when land use changes or inappropriate management practices occur. This study aims to analyze the impact of different types of land use on soil water retention characteristics in the Inceptisols of the Upper Konto watershed. The research method was conducted through field surveys and laboratory analysis. The results revealed that land use types have a significant influence on soil physical properties as well as water retention characteristics. Specifically, it was found that forest land with the Udic Eutrandepts soil type had the highest water retention capability (0.39 cm3 cm-3), while dry farm land with the same soil type had the lowest water retention capability (0.06 cm3 cm-3). These findings illustrate the stark differences in the ability of soils to retain water between different land use types

Dynamics of Tropical Peatlands Characteristics and Carbon Stocks as Affected by Land Use Conversion and Ages of Land Use in Riau Province, Indonesia

Indonesia's tropical peat plays a vital role in world environmental issues in addition to economic and social interests, but the dynamics and patterns of relationships between the characteristics of Indonesian tropical peat involving a function of time (ages of land use) in the context of land conversion have not been widely reported. The effects of tropical peatland use change are generally discussed regarding carbon emissions, with the limited literature identifying dynamic soil characteristics as these changes occur. This study uses a survey method. We identified the physical, chemical, and carbon stock characteristics of peat in forest locations, oil palm plantations with a land use age of 0-5 years; >5-10 years; >10 years, and agricultural land with a land use age of 0-5 years and >5-10 years to find out the dynamics of soil characteristics. Land use changes from peat swamp forests to oil palm plantations and agricultural land and the longer the age of land use results in an increase in bulk density (BD), ash content, pH, total-N, total-P2O5, total-K2O, but there is a decrease in water content, fiber content, org-C, E400/E600, and soil carbon stocks. The alignment of economic, social, and ecological interests is directed to water and land management by regulating the area's hydrological system and increasing peat stability. Applying mineral soils with high iron content and ameliorants containing polyvalent cations is necessary to form chelates and complexes with organic matter from peat soils, making them more stable against decomposition

The Influence of Bat Guano on Peat Soil Properties in the Oil Palm Plantations

Highlighting the role of bat guano as an organic fertilizer housing beneficial microbes for soil and plants. The research aimed to assess the effect of bat guano on bacterial diversity and chemical and nutrient properties of peat soil in the vicinity of a bat cave within oil palm plantation in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Four samples, namely bat guano (BG), peat soil (PS), peat soil mixed with bat guano (PSM), and peat soil inside the cave (PSI) were assessed. Organic carbon, pH, total nitrogen, the C/N ratio, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Base Saturation (BS), macronutrients, and micronutrients were measured across all samples. Bacteria from the samples were also isolated, and their capability in hydrolyzing urea, solubilizing phosphate, solubilizing potassium, and producing the Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) hormone was characterized. The influence of bat guano was found on the enhancement production of IAA hormone, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, CEC, BS, macronutrients, and micronutrients. The results also demonstrated substantial bacterial community resemblance between PSM and BG in contrast to the original PS (3:1). Meanwhile, peat soil inside the cave was indicated unique and has bacterial diversity, which can hydrolyze urea, solubilizing phosphate, and potassium

Assessment of Land Characteristics and Suitability for Citrus Development in Dry Land Punung, Pacitan Regency

One of the Indonesian provinces where the agricultural industry drives the economy is Punung, Pacitan that have local conditions that are particularly suitable for producing citrus, giving this product the potential to continue to expand in popularity. Land evaluation tries to provide information on its potential for a particular purpose. This research was conducted to know land suitability classes, limiting factors, improvement efforts that can be made. This research is exploratory descriptive with a variable approach through field survey and using purposive random sampling method based on Land Mapping Units. Data analysis was carried out using the matching method between land characteristics and conditions for growing citrus and statistical test by ANOVA and Duncan to find the factors that most determine land characteristics in Punung. The results of the study show that the actual land suitability class in Punung is marginally suitable. Improvements that can be made to increase the availability of nutrients in the soil in the form of available P2O5 with a low level of management is to apply P fertilization according to the needs of citrus. Based on ANOVA results proved that the variety of soil types has a significant influence on the some of land characteristics

Effect of Coffee Ages and Shade Types on Soil Moisture and Soil N, P, K Availability in UB Forest

Water and nutrients is important for plant which has its characteristics. This study has been carried out in the UB (Brawijaya University) forest about soil moisture content during rainy and dry seasons, Total-N, -P, -K from litter on different types of shade and age of coffee plants, and their effect on soil Available-N, -P, and -K. There are P1 (control), P2 (4-year-coffee + pine), P3 (7-year-coffee + pine), P4 (4-year-coffee + mahogany), and P5 (7-year-coffee + mahogany). These treatments affected to total soil moisture storage, Total-N, -P, -K of litter, and Available-N, -P, -K in the soil. The soil moisture storage change between rainy and dry seasons was 36.97 mm. The highest Total-N, -P, and -K of litter was 11.00 kg ha-1 y-1 at P3, 1.06 kg ha-1 y-1 at P2, and 4.35 kg ha-1 y-1 at P3, which was inconsistently associated with high soil nutrients. The highest Total-N was 0.40 (0-20 cm), 0.27 (20-40 cm), 0.30% (40-60 cm) at P4, Available-K was 1.69 (0-20 cm), 1.64 (20-40 cm), 1.87 cmol kg-1 (40-60 cm) at P5, and Available-P was 15.21 (0-20 cm), 14.06 (20-40 cm), 12.64 mg kg-1 (40-60 cm) at P1

Impact of Reforestation After Forest Fire on Infiltration and Other Soil Physical Properties

Forest fires have become important issue cause various hydrometeorological disasters. Efforts have been carried out by many parties. This study aims to analyze the impact of land covers as a result of reforestation on infiltration rate and other soil physical properties related to hydrological condition. The research was conducted in the Cempaka Forest area. There are four observed land covers i.e., Timber Forest Products (TFP), Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP), Pine and Shrub. The results showed that land cover had a significant effect on the infiltration rate (p <0.05). The infiltration rate of Pine was not significantly different from NTFP, but significantly different from TFP and Shrubs. The infiltration rate of Pine, NTFP, TFP, and Shrub land cover were 76.2 cm.hour-1, 48.1 cm.hour-1, 32.7 cm.hour-1, and 40.0 cm.hour-1, respectively. The infiltration correlated with soil bulk density at two depths (0-15 cm and 16-30 cm) with r values of 0.614 and 0.595, respectively. Infiltration rate also significantly correlated with water content at pF 0 and pF 2.5 in the second soil depth. Additionally, soil bulk density is correlated with soil particle density with r  = 0.621. Soil particle density also correlated with clay content with r equal to 0.726

Release Pattern of Nitrogen and Potassium from Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) in the Soil

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are macronutrients that plants need for better growth and yield. However, they are readily lost from the soil through volatilization, denitrification, and leaching, aside from being absorbed by plant roots. Thus, a Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) may be formulated and applied to maximize the beneficial effects of N and K fertilization. This study aimed to describe the release pattern of ammonium nitrogen (NH4 -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 -N), and K from CRF through the laboratory incubation method. Two types of CRF - CRF A (16-16-16) and CRF B (30-6-8), with a non-CRF (Mutiara NPK16-16-16) as Control – were used. Each fertilizer was tested at 600 and 1200 kg ha-1 doses. The results showed that the NH4 -N release was very high at 40 – 60% but declined to almost 0% after 14 weeks. The NO3 -N release rate was 17 – 40% during the first week, followed by a steady increase to nearly 100% by the 14th incubation week. Potassium release ranged from 20% to 30% in the first week, then rose to 30 – 70% at Week 14. Overall, CRF (30-6-8) at a dose of 1200 kg ha-1 showed the slowest rate of nitrogen release

Role of Rice Husk Biochar in Improving Soil Physical Properties of ex Gold-Mined Soil

Mining causes destructive soil properties, especially soil texture, water retention, and transmission. Applying biochar is the best way to improve soil physical properties. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of biochar on soil physical properties based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replicates. The research comprised six treatments (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 t biochar ha-1). The results showed that the ex-gold-mined soil had coarse soil texture (sandy loam), high Bulk Density (BD) (1.43 g cm-3), low Total Soil Pores (TSP) (46.45%), low soil organic matter (SOM) content (1.27 %), very fast hydraulic conductivity (198.8 cm h-1). After biochar incubation, SOM increased (to 3.11%), soil BD decreased (to 1.16 g cm-3), TSP increased (to 54.17 %), water retention increased (at pF 1.0, 2.0, 2.54, and 4.2), plant available water (PAW) increased (into 8.33 %), and hydraulic conductivity decreased (into 24.70 cm h-1). However, applying 20 t biochar ha-1 still needs to bring the soil physical properties of the ex-gold-mined soil back into suitable soil for farming land