Quark mixing renormalization effects in the determination of |V_{tq}|

We study the numerical effects of several renormalization schemes of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix on the top-quark decay widths. We then employ these results to infer the relative shifts in the CKM parameters |V_{tq}|^2 due to the quark mixing renormalization corrections, assuming that they are determined directly from the top-quark partial decay widths, without imposing unitarity constraints. We also discuss the implications of these effects on the ratio R = Gamma(t -> Wb) / Gamma_t and the determination of |V_{tb}|^2.Comment: 10 pages, 3 table

Number of loops of size h in growing scale-free networks

The hierarchical structure of scale-free networks has been investigated focusing on the scaling of the number $N_h(t)$ of loops of size h as a function of the system size. In particular we have found the analytic expression for the scaling of $N_h(t)$ in the Barab\'asi-Albert (BA) scale-free network. We have performed numerical simulations on the scaling law for $N_h(t)$ in the BA network and in other growing scale free networks, such as the bosonic network (BN) and the aging nodes (AN) network. We show that in the bosonic network and in the aging node network the phase transitions in the topology of the network are accompained by a change in the scaling of the number of loops with the system size.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Pain-motor integration in the primary motor cortex in Parkinson's disease

In Parkinson's disease (PD), the influence of chronic pain on motor features has never been investigated. We have recently designed a technique that combines nociceptive system activation by laser stimuli and primary motor cortex (M1) activation through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in a laser-paired associative stimulation design (Laser-PAS). In controls, Laser-PAS induces long-term changes in motor evoked potentials reflecting M1 long-term potentiation-like plasticity, arising from pain-motor integration

Chronic migraine long-term regular treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA: a retrospective real-life observational study up to 4 years of therapy

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Finite size corrections to random Boolean networks

Since their introduction, Boolean networks have been traditionally studied in view of their rich dynamical behavior under different update protocols and for their qualitative analogy with cell regulatory networks. More recently, tools borrowed from statistical physics of disordered systems and from computer science have provided a more complete characterization of their equilibrium behavior. However, the largest part of the results have been obtained in the thermodynamic limit, which is often far from being reached when dealing with realistic instances of the problem. The numerical analysis presented here aims at comparing - for a specific family of models - the outcomes given by the heuristic belief propagation algorithm with those given by exhaustive enumeration. In the second part of the paper some analytical considerations on the validity of the annealed approximation are discussed.Comment: Minor correction

Role of nutritional and lifestyle factors on the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis progression. Results from a multicenter cross-sectional study

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a devastating, untreatable motor neuron disease with unknown causes, but nutritional and lifestyle factors may play a role. To check this hypothesis, we conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study. Material and methods: This study recruited 241 patients, 96 females, and 145 males; the mean age at onset – 59.9±11.8 years. According to El Escorial criteria, 74 patients were definite ALS, 77 – probable, 55 – possible, and 35 –suspected; 187 patients had spinal onset and 54 – bulbar. Patients were categorized into three groups, according to their ΔFS: slow (81), intermediate (80), and fast progressors (80). Results: Current coffee consumers were 179 (74.3%), 34 (14.1%) were non-consumers, 22 (9.1%) – former consumers. The log-ΔFS was weakly correlated with the duration of coffee consumption (p=0.034), but not with the number of cup-years, or the intensity of coffee consumption (cups/day). Current tea consumers were 101 (41.9%), 6 (2.5%) were former-consumers, and 134 (55.6%) – non-consumers. The log-ΔFS was weakly correlated only with the consumption duration of black tea (p=0.028) but not with the number of cup-years. Current smokers were 44 (18.3%), former smokers – 10 (4.1%), and non-smokers – 187 (77.6%). The age of ALS onset was lower in current smokers than non-smokers, and the ΔFS was slightly, although not significantly, higher for smokers of >14 cigarettes/day. Current alcohol drinkers were 147 (61.0%), former drinkers – 5 (2.1%), and non-drinkers – 89 (36.9%). The log(ΔFS) was weakly correlated only with the duration of alcohol consumption (p = 0.028), but not with the mean number of drinks/day or the drink-years. Conclusions: Our study does not support the hypothesis that coffee or tea consumption is associated with the ALS progression rate, possible minor role for smoking and alcohol drinking was suggested

Epilepsia secundária a lesões destrutivas hemisféricas congênitas: achados clínicos e relevância de atrofia hipocampal associada

We studied the clinical, EEG and MRI findings in 19 patients with epilepsy secondary to congenital destructive hemispheric insults. Patients were divided in two groups: 10 with cystic lesions (group 1), and 9 with atrophic lesions (group 2). Seizure and EEG features, as well as developmental sequelae were similar between the two groups, except for the finding that patients of group 2 more commonly presented seizures with more than one semiological type. MRI showed hyperintense T2 signal extending beyond the lesion in almost all patients of both groups, and it was more diffuse in group 2. Associated hippocampal atrophy (HA) was observed in 70% of group 1 patients and 77.7% of group 2, and it was not correlated with duration of epilepsy or seizure frequency. There was a good concordance between HA and electroclinical localization. The high prevalence of associated HA in both groups suggests a common pathogenesis with the more obvious lesion. Our findings indicate that in some of these patients with extensive destructive lesions, there may be a more circumscribed epileptogenic area, particularly in those with cystic lesions and HA, leading to a potential rationale for effective surgical treatment.Analisamos os achados clínicos, de EEG e RM de 19 pacientes com epilepsia secundária a insultos destrutivos hemisféricos congênitos. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: 10 com lesões císticas (grupo 1), e 9 com lesões atróficas (grupo 2). As características das crises e achados de EEG foram similares entre os dois grupos exceto pelo fato dos pacientes do grupo 2 terem apresentado mais comumente crises com mais de um padrão semiológico. A RM mostrou sinal T2 hiperintenso estendendo-se ao redor da lesão e à distância em quase todos os pacientes de ambos os grupos, de modo mais extenso no grupo 2. Observou-se atrofia hipocampal (AH) associada em 70% dos pacientes do grupo 1 e 77,7% do grupo 2 e não houve correlação com a duração da epilepsia ou freqüência das crises. Houve boa correlação entre a AH e localização eletroclínica. A alta prevalência de AH associada em ambos os grupos sugere uma patogenia comum com a lesão mais óbvia. Estes achados indicam que alguns destes pacientes com extensas lesões destrutivas, particularmente aqueles com lesões císticas e AH, a zona epileptogênica pode ser mais circunscrita possibilitando a indicação de uma ressecção restrita para o controle das crises.990100

Comparative effectiveness of drugs used to constrict the patent ductus arteriosus: a secondary analysis of the PDA-TOLERATE trial (NCT01958320).

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of drugs used to constrict patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in newborns < 28 weeks.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of the multi-center PDA-TOLERATE trial (NCT01958320). Infants with moderate-to-large PDAs were randomized 1:1 at 8.1 ± 2.1 days to either Drug treatment (n = 104) or Conservative management (n = 98). Drug treatments were assigned by center rather than within center (acetaminophen: 5 centers, 27 infants; ibuprofen: 7 centers, 38 infants; indomethacin: 7 centers, 39 infants).ResultsIndomethacin produced the greatest constriction (compared with spontaneous constriction during Conservative management): RR (95% CI) = 3.21 (2.05-5.01)), followed by ibuprofen = 2.03 (1.05-3.91), and acetaminophen = 1.33 (0.55-3.24). The initial rate of acetaminophen-induced constriction was 27%. Infants with persistent moderate-to-large PDA after acetaminophen were treated with indomethacin. The final rate of constriction after acetaminophen ± indomethacin was 60% (similar to the rate in infants receiving indomethacin-alone (62%)).ConclusionIndomethacin was more effective than acetaminophen in producing ductus constriction

Restoration of CFTR function in patients with cystic fibrosis carrying the F508del-CFTR mutation

<div><p>Restoration of BECN1/Beclin 1-dependent autophagy and depletion of SQSTM1/p62 by genetic manipulation or autophagy-stimulatory proteostasis regulators, such as cystamine, have positive effects on mouse models of human cystic fibrosis (CF). These measures rescue the functional expression of the most frequent pathogenic CFTR mutant, F508del, at the respiratory epithelial surface and reduce lung inflammation in <i>Cftr^F508del</i> homozygous mice. Cysteamine, the reduced form of cystamine, is an FDA-approved drug. Here, we report that oral treatment with cysteamine greatly reduces the mortality rate and improves the phenotype of newborn mice bearing the <i>F508del-CFTR</i> mutation. Cysteamine was also able to increase the plasma membrane expression of the F508del-CFTR protein in nasal epithelial cells from <i>F508del</i> homozygous CF patients, and these effects persisted for 24 h after cysteamine withdrawal. Importantly, this cysteamine effect after washout was further sustained by the sequential administration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea flavonoid, both <i>in vivo</i>, in mice, and <i>in vitro</i>, in primary epithelial cells from CF patients. In a pilot clinical trial involving 10 <i>F508del-CFTR</i> homozygous CF patients, the combination of cysteamine and EGCG restored BECN1, reduced SQSTM1 levels and improved CFTR function from nasal epithelial cells <i>in vivo</i>, correlating with a decrease of chloride concentrations in sweat, as well as with a reduction of the abundance of <i>TNF/TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor)</i> and <i>CXCL8</i> (<i>chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 8</i>) transcripts in nasal brushing and TNF and CXCL8 protein levels in the sputum. Altogether, these results suggest that optimal schedules of cysteamine plus EGCG might be used for the treatment of CF caused by the <i>F508del-CFTR</i> mutation.</p></div