De “filho do dono” a dirigente ilustre: caminhos e descaminhos no processo de construção da legitimidade de sucessores em organizações familiares

ABSTRACTFrom owner’s son to distinguished manager: successes and failures in the process of constructing successors’ legitimacy in family-owned organizationsThe issue of succession is theoretically recognized as one of most delicate moments a family-owned company undergoes. Succession as a social process, in which the heir-successor will have to construct his or her legitimacy, has not been closely examined in recent studies in Brazil. This work’s objective is to analyze the process of construction of legitimacy by successors in two family-owned organizations in the state of Minas Gerais. It seeks to understand the process through the challenges, difficulties, and conflicts lived by the successors throughout their career in the organization. This study will not completely fill this void, but nevertheless seeks to analyze the complex problematic presented by the process of legitimization from the perspectives of family, management, and property. A qualitative approach was used, operationalized through case studies which allowed for the understanding of dynamic specificities and the process of legitimization in each of the companies studied. The results indicate that the company effectively constitutes a primary instance of socialization, promoting the idea of commitment to the continuity of the family business. In addition, the studied cases demonstrated distinct ways through which this legitimization was processed, reinforcing the idea that this a process of social construction

Cellular uptake of BCG-loaded chitosan microparticles and in vivo evaluation of immune response following intranasal immunisation

Attenuated Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only currently available vaccine against tuberculosis. It is highly effective in pre-exposure immunisation against TB in children when administered by subcutaneous route to newborns. However, it does not provide permanent protection in adults. In this work, polymeric chitosan-alginate microparticles have been evaluated as potential nasal delivery systems and mucosal adjuvants for live attenuated BCG. Chitosan (CS) has been employed as adjuvant and mucosal permeation-enhancer, and, together with alginate (ALG), as additive to enhance BCG-loaded microparticles (MPs) cellular uptake in a human monocyte cell line, by particle surface modification. The most suitable particles were used for vaccine formulation and evaluation of immune response following intranasal immunisation of BALB/c mice

The impact of breeding Yellow-Legged Gulls on vegetation cover and plant composition of Grey Dune habitats

The establishment of large populations of yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis in coastal and urban areas can lead to strong changes in vegetation cover and composition through creating physical disturbance in the vegetation and impacting the soil quality through defecation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of breeding yellow-legged gull populations on tall and short vegetation cover and plant species composition in old (occupied for 13 years) and new (occupied for 3 years) colony sites in grey dunes of the Algarve, southern Portugal. In each site, sampling plots were used to measure the percentage of vegetation cover in areas with and without breeding gulls. In the old colony site, the cover by tall vegetation was substantially reduced and the cover by short vegetation substantially increased in the areas where gulls are breeding in comparison with the adjacent areas. In the new colony sites, there were only minor differences. The increase in cover of short vegetation in the breeding area of the old colony site was mostly by nitrophilous species (Paronychia argentea and Malcolmia littorea) and should be explained by the decrease in vegetation cover of tall plant species and by feces deposition. Tall and slow-growing species Suaeda maritima and Helichrysum italicum covers were negatively affected. Our results showed that yellow-legged gulls affected vegetation cover and composition of grey dunes after 3 years of consecutive breeding, and this should be considered in the management of these habitats where breeding yellow-legged gulls are increasing.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Enriched environment effects on behavior, memory and BDNF in low and high exploratory mice

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment (EE) has been largely used to investigate behavioral modifications and neuroplasticity in the adult brain both in normal and pathological conditions. The interaction between individual behavioral traits with EE responsiveness has not been investigated within the same strain. By using two extremes of CF1 mice that differ by their exploratory behavior in the Open Field (OF) task (Kazlauckas V, 2005), denominated as Low (LE) and High (HE) Exploratory Mice, the present study evaluated if EE during adulthood could modify the putative differences between LE and HE mice on exploratory behavior, memory performance and hippocampal BDNF levels. To this end, we investigated the effect of adult LE and HE mice after 2months of enriched or standard housing conditions on the open field, on novel object recognition, on the inhibitory avoidance task and on hippocampal BDNF immunocontent. LE showed low exploratory behavior, less retention in the inhibitory avoidance and lower hippocampal BDNF levels. EE enhanced exploratory behavior, memory performance and hippocampal BDNF levels both in LE and HE mice. Importantly, the general profile of LE mice submitted to EE was similar to HE mice housed in standard conditions. These results show that internalized behavior of LE mice can be significantly modified by exposure to an enriched environment even during adulthood. These observations may contribute to investigate biological mechanisms and therapeutical interventions for individuals with internalized psychiatric disorders

Comparative Analyses of Power Consumption in Arithmetic Algorithms Implementation

Historically, energy management in computer science has been treated as an activity predominantly of hardware optimization. A great part of the effort on the area, even nowadays, is concerned in components activation, deactivation or resources scheduling to provide, as a final result, the reduction of total power consumption. This work is focused on the power consumption subject under the developer point of view, using a reliable power measurement framework, to validate the literature programming premises about programming options, as, for example, multiplication operations are high consuming in power energy. Besides some elementary operations and authors suggestions about alternatives for power consumption reduction on the programming stage, it was also compared two well used and known algorithms for big numbers multiplication, Karatsuba and Toom-Cook. The results lead to conclusions that would help the developer, in programming stage, to choose, in some cases, the best technique for reduction of power consumption, speed up the software developed, or take some decisions to limit the final software to be under some maximum power

The latent structure and reliability of the emotional trait section of the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS)

Background: The Emotional and Affective Composite Temperament (AFECT) model describes originally six traits of volition, anger, inhibition (fear and caution subordinate factors), control, sensitivity, and coping. However, fear and caution have shown opposite relatioships with criteria-variables, indicating factor independence. Objective: The current investigation aimed to advance in the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the emotional trait section of the Emotional and Affective Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS) by examining the suitability of a 7-factor structure and the reliability of each scale using data from a population-based sample. Methods: AFECTS was administered via face-to-face assessments in a single-session, population-based cross-sectional survey. Samples was composed of teenagers and adults (14 to 35 years). The latent structure and reliability were analyzed via structural equation modeling: confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the a priori correlated 7-factor model (with fear and caution designed as single-factors) and trait-scores reliability was assessed by the estimation of information curves. Results: Findings attested the suitability of the 7-factor model presumed to underline the item set of the traits section of AFECTS and information curve interpretation showed adequate levels of reliability for all trait-scores. Discussion: The 7-factor model showed robust indicators of construct validity for the AFECTS

SUCESSORAS INVISÍVEIS: O IMPACTO DAS QUESTÕES DE GÊNERO NOS PROCESSOS DE SUCESSÃO EM EMPRESAS FAMILIARES

This paper aims to discuss the issue of gender in family businesses, demonstrating their level of interference in the succession process of a long-lived organization of the construction sector. The issue of gender emerges as a tacit criterion of succession in several family organizations, constituting a problem portrayed in several studies on the topic (LERNER, MALACH-PINES, 2011; CAPPUYNS, 2007; FITZGERALD et al., 2001). In this sense, the study on the issue of women before the succession processes is relevant to the field of organizational studies, to bring another set of elements to reflect on these processes. With regard to methodological aspects, this article is founded on a qualitative perspective, adopting the method of case study (YIN, 2005). From the remarks of the subjects it was observed that socialization processes experienced by family members are strongly linked to the reproduction of certain acts in relation to women's participation in these projects. From early on, there were differences in the processes of socialization of boys and girls in the family, guiding the roles they should take before the company. Thus, it was possible to indicate the strength of the gender criteria, used to mark the succession process, and how they contributed to alienate women from the axis of management in the organization studied.El trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir la cuestión de género en las empresas familiares, demostrando su nivel de interferencia en el proceso de sucesión de una organización del sector de la construcción.  La cuestión del género emerge como criterio tácito de la sucesión de varias organizaciones familiares, lo que constituye un problema retratado en varios estudios sobre el tema (LERNER, MALACH-PINES, 2011; CAPPUYNS, 2007; FITZGERALD et al., 2001). En este sentido, el estudio sobre la cuestión de las mujeres antes de los procesos de sucesión son relevantes en el campo de los estudios organizacionales y de traer a otro conjunto de elementos para reflexionar sobre estos procesos. Con respecto a los aspectos metodológicos, este artículo se basa en una perspectiva cualitativa, adoptando el método de estudio de caso (YIN, 2005). De la voz de los sujetos se observó que los procesos de socialización que experimentan los miembros de la familia están estrechamente vinculados a la reproducción de ciertos actos en relación con la participación de las mujeres en estas empresas. Desde el principio, había diferencias en los procesos de socialización de niños e niñas en la familia , guiando a los roles que deben tomar delante de la compañía. Por lo tanto, fue posible indicar la fuerza de los criterios de género, que se utilizaran para marcar el proceso de sucesión y cómo contribuyeron a alejar a las mujeres desde el eje de la gestión en la organización estudiada.Este estudo tem como objetivo problematizar a questão de gênero nas empresas familiares, evidenciando seu nível de interferência no processo sucessório de uma organização longeva do setor de construção.  A questão de gênero desponta como um critério tácito de sucessão em diversas organizações familiares, constituindo uma problemática retratada em diversos estudos sobre o tema (LERNER; MALACH-PINES, 2011; CAPPUYNS, 2007; FITZGERALD et al., 2001). Nesse sentido, o estudo sobre a questão da mulher diante dos processos sucessórios é relevante no campo dos estudos organizacionais, ao trazer outro conjunto de elementos para se refletir sobre tais processos. No tocante aos aspectos metodológicos, este artigo ancora-se em uma perspectiva qualitativa, adotando o método de estudo de caso (YIN, 2005). A partir da voz dos sujeitos de pesquisa foi possível observar que os processos de socialização vivenciados pelos membros familiares encontram-se fortemente vinculados à reprodução de determinadas práticas em relação à participação da mulher nesses empreendimentos. Desde muito cedo, existiram diferenças nos processos de socialização dos meninos e meninas da família, orientando os papéis que deveriam assumir junto à empresa. Assim, foi possível indicar a força dos critérios de gênero utilizados para balizar o processo sucessório, e de que forma eles contribuíram para afastar as mulheres do eixo da gestão na organização estudada

Internacionalização da marca: pouco relevante ou fator de agregação de valor? um estudo no segmento de moda de luxo

This article discusses social representations that managers of companies of the luxury fashion industry in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, have of the growing internationalization of their brands and how the think that the latter influences their social and management practices. The study adopts Serge Moscovici’s (1978) Theory of Social Representations to understand the social representations that managers have of the internationalization of their brands and of its the influence on their social practices. It uses the qualitative research method and Discourse Analysis as the analytical method to treat the data collected on the basis of semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that the managers see the internationalization of their brands as a value-adding factor, although they have not identified a significant increase in sales.Key words: brand internationalization, theory of social representations, discourse analysis.O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar representações sociais que presidentes de empresas do segmento de moda de luxo de Belo Horizonte (MG) fazem da crescente internacionalização de suas marcas e como eles percebem que isso influencia suas práticas sociais e gerenciais. Este estudo adotou a Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici (1978) para compreender as representações sociais que os gerentes fazem da internacionalização de suas marcas e da influência nas suas práticas sociais. Foi adotado o método qualitativo de pesquisa e a Análise do Discurso como método analítico para o tratamento dos dados coletados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados indicam, a partir da análise das representações sociais dos gerentes sobre a internacionalização de suas marcas, que os mesmos percebem tal internacionalização como fator de agregação de valor à marca, apesar de não terem identificado um aumento significativo em suas vendas.Palavras-chave: internacionalização da marca, representações sociais, análise de discurso

Internacionalização da marca: pouco relevante ou fator de agregação de valor? um estudo no segmento de moda de luxo

This article discusses social representations that managers of companies of the luxury fashion industry in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, have of the growing internationalization of their brands and how the think that the latter influences their social and management practices. The study adopts Serge Moscovici’s (1978) Theory of Social Representations to understand the social representations that managers have of the internationalization of their brands and of its the influence on their social practices. It uses the qualitative research method and Discourse Analysis as the analytical method to treat the data collected on the basis of semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that the managers see the internationalization of their brands as a value-adding factor, although they have not identified a significant increase in sales.Key words: brand internationalization, theory of social representations, discourse analysis.O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar representações sociais que presidentes de empresas do segmento de moda de luxo de Belo Horizonte (MG) fazem da crescente internacionalização de suas marcas e como eles percebem que isso influencia suas práticas sociais e gerenciais. Este estudo adotou a Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici (1978) para compreender as representações sociais que os gerentes fazem da internacionalização de suas marcas e da influência nas suas práticas sociais. Foi adotado o método qualitativo de pesquisa e a Análise do Discurso como método analítico para o tratamento dos dados coletados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados indicam, a partir da análise das representações sociais dos gerentes sobre a internacionalização de suas marcas, que os mesmos percebem tal internacionalização como fator de agregação de valor à marca, apesar de não terem identificado um aumento significativo em suas vendas.Palavras-chave: internacionalização da marca, representações sociais, análise de discurso

Design of Lactococcus lactis Strains Producing Garvicin A and/or Garvicin Q, Either Alone or Together with Nisin A or Nisin Z and High Antimicrobial Activity against Lactococcus garvieae

Lactococcus garvieae is a main ichthyopathogen in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) farming, although bacteriocinogenic L. garvieae with antimicrobial activity against virulent strains of this species have also been identified. Some of the bacteriocins characterized, such as garvicin A (GarA) and garvicin Q (GarQ), may show potential for the control of the virulent L. garvieae in food, feed and other biotechnological applications. In this study, we report on the design of Lactococcus lactis strains that produce the bacteriocins GarA and/or GarQ, either alone or together with nisin A (NisA) or nisin Z (NisZ). Synthetic genes encoding the signal peptide of the lactococcal protein Usp45 (SPusp45), fused to mature GarA (lgnA) and/or mature GarQ (garQ) and their associated immunity genes (lgnI and garI, respectively), were cloned into the protein expression vectors pMG36c, which contains the P32 constitutive promoter, and pNZ8048c, which contains the inducible PnisA promoter. The transformation of recombinant vectors into lactococcal cells allowed for the production of GarA and/or GarQ by L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000 and their co-production with NisA by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis DPC5598 and L. lactis subsp. lactis BB24. The strains L. lactis subsp. cremoris WA2-67 (pJFQI), a producer of GarQ and NisZ, and L. lactis subsp. cremoris WA2-67 (pJFQIAI), a producer of GarA, GarQ and NisZ, demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity (5.1- to 10.7-fold and 17.3- to 68.2-fold, respectively) against virulent L. garvieae strains.Sección Dptal. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Veterinaria)Fac. de VeterinariaTRUEMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU)Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Banco de SantanderUniversidad Complutense de Madridpu