Beyond the paint and ink: ASAR Oaxaca resistance and getting up Arte Pal Pueblo

This thesis aims to address the ways in Oaxacan street artists frame alternative realities within art and interviews about their art. Asamblea de Artistas Revolucionarios de Oaxaca or ASARO, is a revolutionary artist collective that currently works in Oaxaca Mexico. They place their art in publically accessible areas and comment on local, national and international social issues. Through ethnographic interviews and participant observation with members of ASARO along with critical discourse analysis of their images, I explore the ways getting up is accomplished. The combination of ethnographic field work paired with a critical approach deepens an understanding of what influences modern communication production through art in a marginalized area of Mexicos periphery. In this thesis ideas of art as transformative, legible, accessible are explored. Also Mexican local and global issues such as immigration, iconography, collective action, women\u27s and human rights, exploitation of workers and natural resources are also analyzed within images created by ASARO

Adolescent Social Networks and Violence in Rural Colombia

This dissertation examines violence in adolescent social networks in the context of a rural and resource-limited community in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Utilizing mixed methods data (focus groups and surveys) from 242 school-enrolled adolescents, three empirical studies explored adolescent violence experiences in their community, school, and intimate partner violence relationships. Study one utilizes a social complexity framework and mixed methods design to address victimization. Social network data showed that adolescents\u27 psychological and physical violence victimizations occurred across their community, household, school, and emotionally adverse relationships; and were more likely in girl-nominated relationships, a relationship that shared more alters or included an adult. Qualitative findings highlight cycles of violence that were salient across inter-generational and community settings. Cultural beliefs about violence emerged as critical to consider, particularly as participants perceived differential effects and values of victimization by gender and age. The second study builds on the previous findings by concentrating on school peer violence perpetration. Results show that psychological and physical violence perpetration status is not related to being socially connected to similar perpetration status peers. Adolescent victims of school peer violence were more likely to engage in perpetration (both psychological and physical) than non-victims controlling for non-school victimization (e.g., community, household), age, and academic standing, ethnicity, and gender. Adolescents who engaged in physical violence perpetration were more likely to live with non-parental caregivers (than those living with one or both parents) and report multiple cross-gender friendships at school. Study three centers on school peers\u27 social network influence on physical intimate partner violence (IPV) engagement. Results show that adolescents with higher proportions of socially connected peers who perpetrate IPV are more likely to report perpetration, controlling for gender, age group, social network position, and school victimization. Conversely, adolescents with a higher proportion of IPV victim friends are less likely to report victimization. Bidirectional violence in the partnership was associated with the opposite status, such that victims were more likely to be perpetrators in the same relationship and vice versa. IPV engaged adolescents were not more likely to be socially connected to school peers of similar status, than expected by chance. Finally, the last paper describes how Community-Engaged Research (CEnR) approaches were used to develop, implement, and guide the dissemination and protocols for my study

On the Nature of Fossil Galaxy Groups: Are they really fossils ?

We use SDSS-DR4 photometric and spectroscopic data out to redshift z~0.1 combined with ROSAT All Sky Survey X-ray data to produce a sample of twenty-five fossil groups (FGs), defined as bound systems dominated by a single, luminous elliptical galaxy with extended X-ray emission. We examine possible biases introduced by varying the parameters used to define the sample and the main pitfalls are discussed. The spatial density of FGs, estimated via the V/V_ MAX} test, is 2.83 x 10^{-6} h_{75}^3 Mpc^{-3} for L_x > 0.89 x 10^42 h_{75}^-2 erg/s consistent with Vikhlinin et al. (1999), who examined an X-ray overluminous elliptical galaxy sample (OLEG). We compare the general properties of FGs identified here with a sample of bright field ellipticals generated from the same dataset. These two samples show no differences in the distribution of neighboring faint galaxy density excess, distance from the red sequence in the color-magnitude diagram, and structural parameters such as a$_{4}$ and internal color gradients. Furthermore, examination of stellar populations shows that our twenty-five FGs have similar ages, metallicities, and $\alpha$-enhancement as the bright field ellipticals, undermining the idea that these systems represent fossils of a physical mechanism that occurred at high redshift. Our study reveals no difference between FGs and field ellipticals, suggesting that FGs might not be a distinct family of true fossils, but rather the final stage of mass assembly in the Universe.Comment: 18 pages, Accepted to A

A Visual Zooarchaeology Guide for Florida Artifacts

One key factor of archeology research is discovering the faunal bones at excavation sites and seeing what lived many years ago. Faunal remains are bones, hair, shells, and more, any piece of animal anatomy. Discovering the different types of bones at excavations in Florida can give archeologists a sense of the different species in this state that were utilized by humans in the past. This study is creating a visual guide and key for faunal bone artifacts in south Florida. The key will consist of photos of bone artifacts excavated in south Florida of different types of fish and other animals. Also, the key will describe the bones excavated so that people and scientists can know what the defining characteristics of different bones are. Creating this key will be helpful for any other researcher to teach how to identify archaeological bone

Verification Testing To Confirm VO2max Attainment in Inactive Women With Obesity

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1448-1458, 2020. Incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide which is deleterious to health due to its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some cancers. Completion of regular physical activity in individuals with obesity increases maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). However, whether individuals with obesity can exhibit ‘true’ VO2max is unresolved. This study examined efficacy of verification testing (VER) to identify ‘true’ VO2max in 17 inactive women with obesity (age, body fat, and VO2max = 37 ± 10 yr, 48.7 ± 3.5 %, and 19.4 ± 3.0 mL/kg/min, respectively). They performed ramp exercise (RAMP) to volitional fatigue followed by VER at 105 percent peak power output (%PPO) at baseline and after 3 and 6 wk of high intensity interval training. Results showed no difference in ramp and verification-derived VO2max (1.99 ± 0.37 L/min vs. 1.98 ± 0.32 L/min, 2.00 ± 0.40 L/min vs. 2.04 ± 0.38 L/min, and 2.08 ± 0.34 L/min vs. 2.08 ± 0.32 L/min at 0, 3 and 6 wk of training), although in 40 % of VER tests, VO2max was greater than the RAMP value. Overall, verification testing may be adopted as an additional approach to confirm ‘true’ VO2max attainment in obese women as ramp exercise frequently underestimates VO2max in this population

Hedgerow olive orchards: reality or utopia?

Actualmente las plantaciones de olivar tienen unas densidades que no suelen superar los 330 olivos por hectárea. El mayor coste su cultivo se produce en la recolección, donde se necesita una gran cantidad de mano de obra. Recientemente ha surgido un nuevo tipo de plantaciones cuyas densidades se acercan a las 2000 plantas por hectárea y donde los olivos se disponen en setos continuos separados unos 3,5 m. La mayor ventaja de este tipo de plantaciones es su recolección totalmente mecanizada, mediante máquinas cabalgadoras que pasan por encima de los setos, en un sistema muy parecido al usado en la vid. Además, estas plantaciones son de muy temprana entrada en producción y muy productivas, al menos en los primeros años. La variedad que se utiliza, casi en exclusiva, para este tipo de plantaciones es ‘Arbequina’. En el presente trabajo se describen los resultados de un ensayo comparativo de variedades que se estableció en el año 2000 y del que se han recogido ya 4 cosechas. Este ensayo incluye las variedades ‘Arbequina’, ‘Arbequina i-18’, ‘Arbosana’, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Fs-17’ y ‘UC 2-35’. De ellas, ‘Arbequina’ y ‘Arbosana’ han sido las más productivas y ‘UC 2-35’ la menos vigorosa de las ensayadas. También se describen los resultados de un ensayo comparativo de densidades desde 754 a 2580 plantas/ha que fue establecido en el año 1999. Hasta ahora, la densidad más productiva parece ser la de 2000 plantas/ ha. Habrá que esperar a los próximos años para tener resultados más definitivos sobre éstos ensayos ya que es de esperar que a partir de ahora es cuando aparezcan los problemas relacionados con la competencia entre árboles. En conclusion, en un escenario donde las ayudas de la Unión Europea van a ir disminuyendo progresivamente, y donde la mano de obra es cada vez más difícil de encontrar, la capacidad real de este tipo de plantaciones de ser rentables a largo plazo determinará el futuro éxito de las mismas.Nowadays, olive orchards have a densities not higher than 330 trees/ha. The major cost correspond to harvest operations, which is very labour demanding. Recently, a new type of olive plantations with densities around 2.000 tress/ha has appeared. The major advantage of this type of plantations is their totally mechanised harvest, by vineyards straddle-harvesting machines.These plantations have a very early bearing and very productive, at least in the first years. The most common cultivar used is ‘Arbequina’. In the present work, data of the first four harvest of a variety comparative trial are reported. This trial include ‘Arbequina’, ‘Arbequina i-18’, ‘Arbosana’, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Fs- 17’ y ‘UC 2-35’ cultivars. From the ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Arbosana’ had been the most productive and ‘UC 2-35’ the less vigorous. Results of a trial testing densities between 780 and 2580 trees/ha is also described. Up to now, the higher densities have been the most productive ones. However, more definitive results can be obtained in the coming years, when problems of competence among trees started to appear. In summary, as in the near future is expected that the subsides from the EU are going to be greatly reduced and the labour for harvesting is difficult to find, the ability to this type of plantations to be profitable at long term will determine their success