Agrolandscape ecotones potential for rational nature management

The article deals with matters of studying mechanisms of agrolandscapes adaptation to dynamic environment based on using environment - forming and environment - stabilizing potential of such landscape components as ecotones. Premised on results of ecotones research, obtained by the authors in the territory of Russia’s forest - steppe zone, the article suggests optimal parameters of the protective fo rest plantation system inclusive of ecotone

The institution of Tutoring in Health-Preserving: Risk and Sustainability Factors

Introduction. Nowadays, specialists of different scientific directions note the growing trend in the deterioration of physical and mental health of younger generation, largely resulting from the health cost of education. In this regard, it is important to develop the institution of tutoring as a pedagogical innovation, which will ensure the formation of a healthy, active, purposeful and responsible personality, who can successfully live in a rapidly changing world.The aim of the article was to identify the factors, which have to be taken into consideration, when organising and implementing master’s education in the direction “Health-Preserving Tutor”. Methodology and research methods. Leading methodological approaches, when studying future tutors’ readiness for health-preserving activities, were anthropological, personality-oriented and environmental. The authors designed the programme of complex diagnostics “Harmony”, which included the following methodologies: evaluation of satisfaction with physical condition (according to Giesener Beschwerdebogen, GBB); self-evaluation of mental state (H. J. Eysenck); “Value orientations” (M. Rokich); the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (T. Holmes, R. Rage); questionnaires “Need for tension in terms of health” (Z. I. Tyumaseva, A. A. Tsygankov, I. L. Orekhova) and “The level of development of recreational activity” (G. V. Valeeva, V. S. Misharina).Results and scientific novelty. The structure and the concepts of “tutoring” and “tutoring support in health-preserving” were specified. The components of the tutors’ readiness for health-preserving activity were revealed: psycho-emotional, psycho-physical, cognitive and value-motivational. In the course of pedagogical experiment, the factors of risks and sustainability, which influence the formation of tutors’ readiness for health-preserving activity, were identified. A diagnostic program was developed to identify the factors. Practical significance. The developed diagnostic tool can be employed when assessing the level of readiness formation for health-preserving activity among students and tutors. The materials of the research can be useful to specialists, who are engaged in vocational training of tutors, as well as to teachers, heads of educational organisations and undergraduates of pedagogical higher education institutions.Введение. Специалисты разных научных направлений констатируют нарастающую тенденцию ухудшения физического и психического здоровья подрастающего поколения, что в значительной степени обусловлено здоровьезатратностью образования. В связи с этим актуализируется развитие института тьюторства как педагогической инновации, обеспечивающей формирование здоровой, активной, целеустремленной и ответственной личности, способной успешно адаптироваться в быстро меняющемся мире. Цель изложенного в публикации исследования – выявить факторы, которые необходимо учитывать при организации и реализации обучения магистрантов-педагогов, выбравших профиль «Тьютор по здоровьесбережению». Методология и методики. Методологическую базу работы составили антропологический, личностно ориентированный и средовый подходы к изучению готовности будущих тьюторов осуществлять здоровьесберегающую деятельность. Авторская программа комплексной диагностики «Гармония» была сконструирована на основе методик оценки удовлетворенности физическим состоянием (по Гиссенскому опроснику); самооценки психического состояния (по Айзенку); ценностных ориентаций (М. Рокич); определения стрессоустойчивости и социальной адаптации Холмса и Раге; анкет «Потребностное напряжение в отношении оздоровления» (З. И. Тюмасева, А. А. Цыганков, И. Л. Орехова) и «Уровень развития представления об оздоровительной деятельности» (Г. В. Валеева, В. С. Мишарина). Результаты и научная новизна. Уточнена структура и содержание понятий «тьюторство» и «тьюторское сопровождение в здоровьесбережении». Выявлены и охарактеризованы психоэмоциональный, психофизический, когнитивный и ценностно-мотивационный компоненты готовности тьютора к здоровьесберегающей деятельности. В ходе педагогического эксперимента выявлены группы факторов риска и устойчивости, оказывающие влияние на формирование у тьюторов такой готовности. Предложена программа диагностики, позволяющая фиксировать данные факторы.Практическая значимость. Разработанный диагностический инструментарий позволяет проводить мониторинг готовности к здоровьесберегающей деятельности не только у студентов, но и у практикующих тьюторов. Материалы исследования будут полезны для специалистов, занимающихся профессиональной подготовкой тьюторов, а также для преподавателей, руководителей образовательных организаций и магистрантов педагогических вузов

THE USE OF IMMUNOMODULATORS TO PREVENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH ALLERGIC DISEASES

Background: Children with allergic diseases, especially bronchial asthma, are in need of protection from acute respiratory infections, as anti-epidemic  measures cannot prevent the spread of influenza; vaccination remains the best means of prevention. Another promising direction in the prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARI) can be immunomodulators of bacterial origin. Objective:  Our aim was to study the use of immunomodulators for prevention of respiratory infections with children having allergic diseases. Methods. A comparative analysis of prophylactic efficiency of specific and nonspecific immunoprophylaxis of ARI with children having allergic diseases has been done during three epedemic seasons (2011–2014). Results.  For immunization of 335 children aged 3–17 years having a variety of allergic diseases, vaccine (domestic and foreign) in combination with an immunomodulator, and without it have been used. With the help of vaccination, the number of cases of ARI during the whole observation period decreased significantly: 21 (6.3%) children did not have ARI,62 (18.5%) children had ARI once, 252 (75.2%) children — from 1–4 times in a year. Also, significant reduction of frequency of aggravation of the basic disease was observed in all treatment groups. Patients who received only immunomodulator, had significant reduction of both ARI and the basic disease (p <0,05).  Conclusion. The use of vaccines in combination with an immunomodulator or without it fully protects children from flu and significantly (1.5 times) reduces prevalence of ARI

Molecular excitation in the Interstellar Medium: recent advances in collisional, radiative and chemical processes

We review the different excitation processes in the interstellar mediumComment: Accepted in Chem. Re

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИММУНОМОДУЛЯТОРОВ ДЛЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ РЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ С АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКИМИ БОЛЕЗНЯМИ

Background: Children with allergic diseases, especially bronchial asthma, are in need of protection from acute respiratory infections, as anti-epidemic  measures cannot prevent the spread of influenza; vaccination remains the best means of prevention. Another promising direction in the prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARI) can be immunomodulators of bacterial origin. Objective:  Our aim was to study the use of immunomodulators for prevention of respiratory infections with children having allergic diseases. Methods. A comparative analysis of prophylactic efficiency of specific and nonspecific immunoprophylaxis of ARI with children having allergic diseases has been done during three epedemic seasons (2011–2014). Results.  For immunization of 335 children aged 3–17 years having a variety of allergic diseases, vaccine (domestic and foreign) in combination with an immunomodulator, and without it have been used. With the help of vaccination, the number of cases of ARI during the whole observation period decreased significantly: 21 (6.3%) children did not have ARI,62 (18.5%) children had ARI once, 252 (75.2%) children — from 1–4 times in a year. Also, significant reduction of frequency of aggravation of the basic disease was observed in all treatment groups. Patients who received only immunomodulator, had significant reduction of both ARI and the basic disease (p <0,05).  Conclusion. The use of vaccines in combination with an immunomodulator or without it fully protects children from flu and significantly (1.5 times) reduces prevalence of ARI.Дети, страдающие аллергическими  заболеваниями,  особенно бронхиальной  астмой, нуждаются  в защите от гриппа и других острых респираторных инфекций, поскольку  противоэпидемические  мероприятия не могут предотвратить повсеместного  распространения  гриппа, и лучшим из профилактических средств  по-прежнему  остается  вакцинация. Другим не менее перспективным направлением  профилактики  острых респираторных  инфекций  (ОРИ) является применение иммуномодуляторов  бактериального  происхождения. Цель  исследования: изучить  применение иммуномодуляторов, в том числе в комбинации с вакцинацией, для профилактики  респираторных инфекций у детей с аллергическими  болезнями.Методы.  Проведен  сравнительный  анализ  профилактической эффективности  специфической и неспецифической иммунопрофилактики ОРИ у детей с аллергическими болезнями в течение трех эпидемических сезонов (2011–2014  гг.). Результаты. Для иммунизации 107 здоровых детей в возрасте 3–17 лет и 228 их сверстников  с различными аллергическими  болезнями  использованы  субъединичные вакцины (отечественного и зарубежного  производства)  как в комбинации с иммуномодуляторами, так и без них. На фоне проведенной вакцинации количество заболевших ОРИ за весь период наблюдения резко снизилось: 21 (6,3%) ребенок не заболел ОРИ ни разу, 62 (18,5%) перенесли ОРИ по 1 разу, 252 (75,2%) — от 2 до 4 раз за год. Также во всех исследуемых группах отмечено достоверное снижение частоты обострений основного заболевания. У пациентов, которые получали только иммуномодулятор, отмечалось достоверное снижение как ОРИ, так и обострений основного заболевания  (p < 0,05). Заключение. Применение противогриппозных  вакцин в комбинации с иммуномодулятором,  либо  без  него, полностью защищает детей от гриппа и значительно (в 1,5 раза) снижает заболеваемость  ОРИ

International multicenter survey on screening and confirmatory testing in primary aldosteronism

Objective: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is one of the most frequent causes of secondary hypertension. Although clinical practice guidelines recommend a diagnostic process, details of the steps remain incompletely standardized. Design: In the present SCOT-PA survey, we have investigated the diversity of approaches utilized for each diagnostic step in different expert centers through a survey using Google questionnaires. A total of 33 centers from 3 continents participated. Results: We demonstrated a prominent diversity in the conditions of blood sampling, assay methods for aldosterone and renin, and the methods and diagnostic cutoff for screening and confirmatory tests. The most standard measures were modification of antihypertensive medication and sitting posture for blood sampling, measurement of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and active renin concentration by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, a combination of aldosterone-to-renin ratio with PAC as an index for screening, and saline infusion test in a seated position for confirmatory testing. The cutoff values for screening and confirmatory testing showed significant variation among centers. Conclusions: Diversity of the diagnostic steps may lead to an inconsistent diagnosis of PA among centers and limit comparison of evidence for PA between different centers. We expect the impact of this diversity to be most prominent in patients with mild PA. The survey raises 2 issues: the need for standardization of the diagnostic process and revisiting the concept of mild PA. Further standardization of the diagnostic process/criteria will improve the quality of evidence and management of patients with PA.Metabolic health: pathophysiological trajectories and therap

Changes to the Fossil Record of Insects through Fifteen Years of Discovery

The first and last occurrences of hexapod families in the fossil record are compiled from publications up to end-2009. The major features of these data are compared with those of previous datasets (1993 and 1994). About a third of families (>400) are new to the fossil record since 1994, over half of the earlier, existing families have experienced changes in their known stratigraphic range and only about ten percent have unchanged ranges. Despite these significant additions to knowledge, the broad pattern of described richness through time remains similar, with described richness increasing steadily through geological history and a shift in dominant taxa, from Palaeoptera and Polyneoptera to Paraneoptera and Holometabola, after the Palaeozoic. However, after detrending, described richness is not well correlated with the earlier datasets, indicating significant changes in shorter-term patterns. There is reduced Palaeozoic richness, peaking at a different time, and a less pronounced Permian decline. A pronounced Triassic peak and decline is shown, and the plateau from the mid Early Cretaceous to the end of the period remains, albeit at substantially higher richness compared to earlier datasets. Origination and extinction rates are broadly similar to before, with a broad decline in both through time but episodic peaks, including end-Permian turnover. Origination more consistently exceeds extinction compared to previous datasets and exceptions are mainly in the Palaeozoic. These changes suggest that some inferences about causal mechanisms in insect macroevolution are likely to differ as well

Agrolandscape ecotones potential for rational nature management

The article deals with matters of studying mechanisms of agrolandscapes adaptation to dynamic environment based on using environment - forming and environment - stabilizing potential of such landscape components as ecotones. Premised on results of ecotones research, obtained by the authors in the territory of Russia’s forest - steppe zone, the article suggests optimal parameters of the protective fo rest plantation system inclusive of ecotone