Collision-dependent power law scalings in 2D gyrokinetic turbulence

Nonlinear gyrokinetics provides a suitable framework to describe short-wavelength turbulence in magnetized laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. In the electrostatic limit, this system is known to exhibit a free energy cascade towards small scales in (perpendicular) real and/or velocity space. The dissipation of free energy is always due to collisions (no matter how weak the collisionality), but may be spread out across a wide range of scales. Here, we focus on freely-decaying 2D electrostatic turbulence on sub-ion-gyroradius scales. An existing scaling theory for the turbulent cascade in the weakly collisional limit is generalized to the moderately collisional regime. In this context, non-universal power law scalings due to multiscale dissipation are predicted, and this prediction is confirmed by means of direct numerical simulations.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Physics of Plasma

Alicante Coastal Management for Sustainable Development

Human intervention on the coast has been intense, due to the source of wealth that the coastal areas represent, especially in the form of tourism, which has resulted in a rapid erosion of its beaches. This paper discusses the current state of beach management in the various competent public administrations on the Costa Blanca (SE Spanish-Mediterranean), in relation to urban development and regression on the waterfront. To this end, an analysis has been carried out of the responses to a survey of those responsible for managing each of the 19 coastal municipalities of the Alicante coast, covering 244 km of coastline, 91 beaches and their personnel. Also, an investigation has been conducted as to whether this management’s aim is to protect the coastline and maintain the flora and fauna or just to manage recreation as the main economic activity is tourism. The analysis shows that the beach is simply regarded as a product or service offered to the user thereof. However, local authorities have not detected problems, possibly for two reasons: they do not have sufficient knowledge and this is understandable, given their lack of responsibilities in this area. This causes many beaches to have a high occupancy rate and there is a shift of users towards natural beaches. The study gives us information about the complex administrative process in the coastal system that often proves ineffective on this narrow strip of land

Safe wastewater reuse in agriculture. Emerging contaminants and risk assessment

[SPA] El objetivo principal de la tesis es abordar de manera integrada los riesgos asociados a la utilización de aguas regeneradas en agricultura. En concreto se realizará una evaluación exhaustiva de la presencia, persistencia y acumulación de los denominados contaminantes de preocupación emergente en el sistema agua-suelo-planta. Para ello, se seleccionarán cultivos reales de alto interés comercial, diferentes condiciones de trabajo (sistemas de riego, tipo de sustratos, etc.), y se propondrán protocolos de análisis específicos que permitirán evaluar la calidad de los cultivos. Los resultados obtenidos, junto con protocolos adicionales para estudios microbiológicos y la valoración de efectos toxicológicos a corto y largo plazo, permitirán prever futuros escenarios de riesgo y evitar problemas en el complejo suelo-planta, garantizando una producción agrícola de alta calidad, protegiendo además la salud humana. [ENG] The main objective of this thesis is to address the risks associated with the use of reclaimed water in agriculture in an integrated manner. Particularly, a comprehensive assessment of the presence, persistence and accumulation of the so-called pollutants of emerging concern in the water-soil-plant system will be carried out. For this purpose, real crops of high commercial interest, different working conditions (irrigation systems, type of substrates, etc.) will be selected, and specific analysis protocols will be proposed to assess the quality of the crops. The results obtained, together with additional protocols for microbiological studies and the evaluation of short- and long-term toxicological effects, will help to foresee future risk scenarios, and avoid problems in the soil-plant complex, guaranteeing high-quality agricultural production while protecting human health.Esta tesis se desarrolla en el marco del proyecto RIS3MUR REUSAGUA, financiado por la Consejería de Empresa, Industria y Portavocía de la Región de Murcia, que se desarrolla en el marco del Programa Operativo Feder 2014-2020, y en el que se encuentran involucradas las siguientes entidades: CEBAS-CSIC, Imida, Esamur, UMU, UPCT, Cetenma, Azud, Hidrogea y Emuasa. El doctorando se encuentra financiado por un contrato predoctoral de la Fundación Séneca. Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia

First-principles based plasma profile predictions for optimized stellarators

In the present Letter, first-of-its-kind computer simulations predicting plasma profiles for modern optimized stellarators -- while self-consistently retaining neoclassical transport, turbulent transport with 3D effects, and external physical sources -- are presented. These simulations exploit a newly developed coupling framework involving the global gyrokinetic turbulence code GENE-3D, the neoclassical transport code KNOSOS, and the 1D transport solver TANGO. This framework is used to analyze the recently observed degradation of energy confinement in electron-heated plasmas in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, where the central ion temperature was "clamped" to $T_i \approx 1.5$ keV regardless of the external heating power. By performing first-principles based simulations, the key mechanism leading to this effect is identified and guidelines for improving the plasma performance in future experimental campaigns are put forth. This work paves the way towards the use of high-fidelity models for the development of the next generation of stellarators, in which neoclassical and turbulent transport are optimized simultaneously

Influencia de diferentes temperaturas de sustrato y concentraciones de ácido indolbutírico en el esquejado de Coriaria myrtifolia

Se estudia Coriaria myrtifolia Linn., especie autóctona de interés ecológico (fijadora de N), medicinal (coriamirtina en los frutos) y ornamental (uso en reforestación de zonas pobres en N y como verde de complemento en floristería y en jardinería). Se pretende mejorar su multiplicación por esqueje, mediante uso de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) como hormona favorecedora del enraizamiento que ya ha mostrado su efectividad en numerosas especies, entre ellas Nerium oleander (Kose, 2000), también autóctona del Mediterráneo.Trabajo financiado por los proyectos: MCYT-FEDER AGL2001-2249-C03-01 y AGL2000-052 CICYT-FEDER. Expresamos nuestro agradecimiento a la Dir. Gral. de Investigación y Transf. Tecnológica de la Consejería de Agricultura, Agua y Medio Ambiente de la Región de Murcia por su colaboración para la ejecución de este trabaj

Structure of Plasma Heating in Gyrokinetic Alfvénic Turbulence

We analyze plasma heating in weakly collisional kinetic Alfv\'en wave (KAW) turbulence using high resolution gyrokinetic simulations spanning the range of scales between the ion and the electron gyroradii. Real space structures that have a higher than average heating rate are shown not to be confined to current sheets. This novel result is at odds with previous studies, which use the electromagnetic work in the local electron fluid frame, i.e. $\mathbf{J} \!\cdot\! (\mathbf{E} + \mathbf{v}_e\times\mathbf{B})$, as a proxy for turbulent dissipation to argue that heating follows the intermittent spatial structure of the electric current. Furthermore, we show that electrons are dominated by parallel heating while the ions prefer the perpendicular heating route. We comment on the implications of the results presented here.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Nueva localidad de Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), hospedador intermediario de Schistosoma haematobium, y su distribución en la península Ibérica

This paper reports a new population of Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827) (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) found in the province of Almería (Southeast Spain). B. truncatus is an intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium, the trematode which causes urinary schistosomiasis in humans. Individuals were identified to species level by double-nested PCR, resulting in 100% homology. This population is located under the driest climate conditions of the Iberian Peninsula. Data on the distribution of this species in the Iberian Peninsula was gathered and is provided in this paper. Improved knowledge of the distribution of Bulinus truncatus is key to assess the risk of new outbreaks of schistosomiasis in the Iberian Peninsula.En este trabajo se reporta una nueva población de Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827) (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) en la provincia de Almería (Sureste de España). Se trata de una especie que presenta considerable interés tanto zoológico como epidemiológico por su papel como hospedador intermediario de Schistosoma haematobium, responsable de la esquistosomiasis urogenital humana. Los ejemplares fueron determinados a nivel específico mediante PCR doble anidada, con un 100% de homología. Se trata de la población localizada más al Sureste y en condiciones de mayor aridez en la península Ibérica. Se recopilaron los datos de presencia publicados para conocer su distribución en la península. El conocimiento de la distribución de Bulinus truncatus es una pieza clave para evaluar el riesgo de nuevos focos de esquistosomiasis en la península Ibérica

Gyrokinetic GENE simulations of DIII-D near-edge L-mode plasmas

We present gyrokinetic simulations with the GENE code addressing the near-edge region of an L-mode plasma in the DIII-D tokamak. At radial position $\rho=0.80$, simulations with the ion temperature gradient increased by $40\%$ above the nominal value give electron and ion heat fluxes that are in simultaneous agreement with the experiment. This gradient increase is consistent with the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty $\sigma$ of the Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CER) measurements at the $1.6 \sigma$ level. Multi-scale simulations are carried out with realistic mass ratio and geometry for the first time in the near-edge. These multi-scale simulations suggest that the highly unstable ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes of the flux-matched ion-scale simulations suppress electron-scale transport, such that ion-scale simulations are sufficient at this location. At radial position $\rho=0.90$, nonlinear simulations show a hybrid state of ITG and trapped electron modes~(TEMs), which was not expected from linear simulations. The nonlinear simulations reproduce the total experimental heat flux with the inclusion of $\mathbf{E} \times \mathbf{B}$ shear effects and an increase in the electron temperature gradient by $\sim 23\%$. This gradient increase is compatible with the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty of the Thomson scattering data at the $1.3 \sigma$ level. These results are consistent with previous findings that gyrokinetic simulations are able to reproduce the experimental heat fluxes by varying input parameters close to their experimental uncertainties, pushing the validation frontier closer to the edge region.Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures, published in Physics of Plasma

Analysis of gender equality competence present in cultural positions

Articulating the gender dimension in organizations is not easy because their members have to be trained to adopt positions that facilitate the implementation of solutions that help to combat inequalities. The aim of this article was to identify the gender equality competence present in the three types of cultural positions Castells proposed in members of a City Council in Sevilla-Spain, who wanted to implement gender mainstreaming. The participants were 27 people (16 women and 11 men). The method used was discourse analysis. The obtained results show that, while all competences were present in the project position, in the resistance position, there was none. In the legitimizers, we observed inconsistency in the discourse presented. This arouses considerations on the importance of knowing the gender equality competences in order to implement gender mainstreaming in organization

A mitochondrial genome assembly of the opal chimaera, Chimaera opalescens Luchetti, Iglésias et Sellos 2011, using PacBio HiFi long reads

Chondrichthyans (sharks, rays and chimeras) are a fascinating and highly vulnerable group of early branching gnathostomes. However, they remain comparatively poorly sampled from the point of view of molecular resources, with deep water taxa being particularly data deficient. The development of long-read sequencing technologies enables the analysis of phylogenetic relationships through a precise and reliable assembly of complete mtDNA genomes. The sequencing and characterization of the complete mitogenome of the opal chimera Chimera opalescens Luchetti, Iglésias et Sellos 2011, using the long-read technique PacBio HiFi is presented. The entire mitogenome was 23,411 bp long and shows the same overall content, i.e. 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, as all other examined Chondrichthyan mitogenomes. Phylogenetic reconstructions using all available Chondrichthyan mitogenomes, including 11 Holocephali (chimeras and ratfishes), places C. opalescens within the Chimaeridae family. Furthermore, the results reinforce previous findings, showing the genus Chimera as paraphyletic and thus highlighting the need to expand molecular approaches in this group of cartilaginous fishes