Distance two labeling of direct product of paths and cycles

Suppose that $[n]=\left\{0,1,2,...,n\right\}$ is a set of non-negative integers and $h,k \in [n]$. The $L(h,k)$-labeling of graph $G$ is the function $l:V(G)\rightarrow[n]$ such that $\left|l(u)-l(v)\right|\geq h$ if the distance $d(u,v)$ between $u$ and $v$ is one and $\left|l(u)-l(v)\right| \geq k$ if the distance $d(u,v)$ is two. Let $L(V(G))=\left\{l(v): v \in V(G)\right\}$ and let $p$ be the maximum value of $L(V(G)).$ Then $p$ is called $\lambda_h^k-$number of $G$ if $p$ is the least possible member of $[n]$ such that $G$ maintains an $L(h,k)-$labeling. In this paper, we establish $\lambda_1^1-$ numbers of $P _m \times C_n$ graphs for all $m \geq 2$ and $n\geq 3$.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure

Updated taxonomy of Lactifluus section Luteoli : L. russulisporus from Australia and L. caliendrifer from Thailand

Lactifluus russulisporus Dierickx & De Crop and Lactifluus caliendrifer Froyen & De Crop are described from eucalypt forests in Queensland, Australia and different forest types in Thailand, respectively. Both species have recently been published on Index Fungorum and fit morphologically and molecularly in L. sect. Luteoli, a section within L. subg. Gymnocarpi that encompasses species with alboochraceous basidiomes, white latex that stains brown and typical capitate elements in the pileipellis and/or marginal cells

Constraints on the Local Sources of Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Rays

Ultra high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are believed to be protons accelerated in magnetized plasma outflows of extra-Galactic sources. The acceleration of protons to ~10^{20} eV requires a source power L>10^{47} erg/s. The absence of steady sources of sufficient power within the GZK horizon of 100 Mpc, implies that UHECR sources are transient. We show that UHECR "flares" should be accompanied by strong X-ray and gamma-ray emission, and that X-ray and gamma-ray surveys constrain flares which last less than a decade to satisfy at least one of the following conditions: (i) L>10^{50} erg/s; (ii) the power carried by accelerated electrons is lower by a factor >10^2 than the power carried by magnetic fields or by >10^3 than the power in accelerated protons; or (iii) the sources exist only at low redshifts, z<<1. The implausibility of requirements (ii) and (iii) argue in favor of transient sources with L>10^{50} erg/s.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, submitted to JCA

Fiber Bragg Grating sensors for deformation monitoring of GEM foils in HEP detectors

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors have been so far mainly used in high energy physics (HEP) as high precision positioning and re-positioning sensors and as low cost, easy to mount, radiation hard and low space- consuming temperature and humidity devices. FBGs are also commonly used for very precise strain measurements. In this work we present a novel use of FBGs as flatness and mechanical tensioning sensors applied to the wide Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) foils of the GE1/1 chambers of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of CERN. A network of FBG sensors has been used to determine the optimal mechanical tension applied and to characterize the mechanical stress applied to the foils. The preliminary results of the test performed on a full size GE1/1 final prototype and possible future developments will be discussed.Comment: Four pages, seven figures. Presented by Michele Caponero at IWASI 2015, Gallipoli (Italy

Chromo-polarizability and pipi final state interaction

The chromo-polarizability of a quarkonium state is a measure of the amplitude of the $E1$-$E1$ chromo-electric interaction of the quarkonium with soft gluon fields and can be measured in the heavy quarkonium decays. Based on the chiral unitary approach, formulas with modification caused by the $S$ wave $\pi\pi$ final state interaction (FSI) for measuring the chromo-polarizabilities are given. It is shown that the effect of the $S$ wave $\pi\pi$ FSI is very important in extracting chromo-polarizabilities from the experimental data. The resultant values with the FSI are reduced to about 1/3 of those determined without the FSI. The consequences of the FSI correction in the $J/\psi$-nucleon scattering near the threshold are also discussed. The estimated lower bound of the total cross section is reduced from about 17 mb to 2.9 mb, which agrees with the experimental data point and is compatible with the previously estimated values in the literature. In order to understand the interaction of heavy quarkonia with light hadrons at low energies better and to obtain the chromo-polarizabilities of quarkonia accurately, more data should be accumulated. This can be done in the $J/\psi \to \pi^+\pi^-l^+l^-$ decay at BES-III and CLEO-c and in the $\Upsilon \to \pi^+\pi^-l^+l^-$ decay at B factories.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, ReVTeX4. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Hydrodynamic squeeze-film bearings for gyroscopes

Experimental tests are conducted on squeeze-film bearings by applying electricity to piezoelectric ceramics, causing vibrations at thousands or millions of Hz that are amplified and transmitted to the bearing. Rotor operation through 24,000 rpm without whirl instability proved bearing ability to support rotor weight without hydrodynamic action

Composicao das especies de moscas-varejeiras do lixo no norte da Tailandia: avaliacao da altitude

Distribution and occurrence of blow flies of forensic importance was performed during 2007 and 2008 in Chiang Mai and Lampang Provinces, northern Thailand. Surveys were conducted in forested areas for 30 minutes using a sweep net to collected flies attracted to a bait. A total of 2,115 blow flies belonging to six genera and 14 species were collected; Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (44.7%), C. pinguis (Walker) (15.1%), C. chani Kurahashi (9.3%), C. thanomthini Kurahashi & Tumrasvin (0.3%); Achoetandrus rufifacies (Macquart) (10.5%), A. villeneuvi (Patton) (2.2%); Lucilia papuensis Macquart (2.2%), L. porphyrina (Walker) (12.4%), L. sinensis Aubertin (0.7%); Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann) (1.3%), H. pulchra (Wiedemann) (0.1%); Hypopygiopsis infumata (Bigot) (0.6%), Hy. tumrasvini Kurahashi (0.2%) and Ceylonomyia nigripes Aubertin (0.4%). Among them, C. megacephala was the predominant species collected, particularly in the summer. The species likely to prevail in highland areas are C. pinguis, C. thanomthini, Hy. tumrasvini, L. papuensis and L. porphyrina.Distribuição e ocorrência de moscas-varejeiras de importância forense foi realizada durante 2007 e 2008 nas províncias de Chiang Mai e Lampang, norte da Tailândia. Os levantamentos foram feitos em áreas de florestas, durante 30 minutos usando rede de varredura para coletar as moscas atraídas por iscas. Um total de 2115 moscas-varejeiras pertencentes a seis gêneros e 14 espécies foram coletados; Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (44,7%), C. pinguis (Walker) (15,1%), C. chani Kurahashi (9,3%), C. thanomthini Kurahashi & Tumrasvin (0,3%); Achoetandrus rufifacies (Macquart) (10,5%), A. villeneuvi (Patton) (2,2%); Lucilia papuensis Macquart (2,2%), L. porphyrina (Walker) (12,4%), L. sinensis Aubertin (0,7%); Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann) (1,3%), H. pulchra (Wiedemann) (0,1%); Hypopygiopsis infumata (Bigot) (0,6%), Hy. tumrasvini Kurahashi (0,2%) e Ceylonomyia nigripes Aubertin (0,4%). Dentre elas a C. megacephala foi a espécie predominante coletada particularmente no verão. As espécies capazes de predominar nas áreas altas são: C. pinguis, C. thanomthini, Hy. tumrasvini, L. papuensis e L. porphyrina

Recovery of Anthraquinones from Morinda Elliptica Cell Culture via In Situ Adsorption Using Polymeric Adsorbents

Morinda elliptica (Rubiaceae) cell suspension culture was used as a model system to understand the effects of in situ adsorption by polymeric adsorbents. The adsorption capacities of the adsorbents were determined and their equilibrium adsorption were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Petersen isotherms using linear and non-linear methods of analyses. The kinetic profiles of cell growth and anthraquinone (AQ) production were determined for cultures grown in intermediary (G) and production (P) medium strategies. Selection of the most suitable solvent was also carried out for effective recovery of AQ from the adsorbents. Co-cultivation of both untreated and pretreated adsorbents with G and P medium cultures were carried out to select a more biocompatible adsorbent that could enhance AQ production without affecting cell growth. The selected adsorbents were then further investigated for effective in situ adsorption factors in P medium strategies. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for qualitative analyses of AQ constituents for extracts obtained from cells, culture medium and adsorbents. XAD-16 showed the highest capacity at 0.0424mg alizarin/mg adsorbents whereas XAD-4 and XAD-7 showed a capacity of 0.0113 and 0.0109mg alizarin/mg adsorbents at initial alizarin solution concentration of 200mg/L, respectively. Freundlich isotherm fitted well to both XAD-4 and XAD-7 whereas Langmuir isotherm gave the best correlation to XAD-16 over the concentration ranges studied. Ethanol was chosen as the eluting solvent with highest AQ recovery at 11.13mg/g, 5.20mg/g and 4.92mg/g eluted from XAD-4, XAD-7 and XAD-16, respectively. M. elliptica cell cultures achieved the highest biomass concentration at 36.79g/L on day 18 with 13.49mg/g DW intracellular AQ obtained in G medium strategy. In P medium strategy, the biomass concentration peaked on day 21 at 48.37g/L with intracellular AQ production recovered at 117.81mg/g DW. As 0.15g of both pretreated and untreated resins were added into cell cultures on day 15 and harvested on day 21, sodium acetate-pretreated XAD-4 stimulated AQ production to the highest extent in both G and P medium cultures. In G medium cultures, 25.67mg/g intracellular AQ was obtained, which was 1.4-fold to control. 1.04mg/L AQ recovered from the culture medium was 1.6-fold to control whereas 0.97mg/g AQ was obtained from the resins. Cell growth was comparable to control. In P medium cultures, cell growth was retarded where 15.43g/L biomass concentration were obtained, which was 23% lower than control. However, as high as 76.21mg/g intracellular AQ was obtained, which marked 1.4-fold increase to control. While 12.21mg/L extracellular AQ recovered was 6.6-fold higher than control, 1.08mg/g AQ was recovered from the resins. When treated with 0.15g sodium acetate-pretreated XAD-4 on day 18, cell growth was comparable to control after 6 days of co-cultivation. 123.83mg/g DW intracellular AQ was obtained, which was 1.7-fold to control. 14.34mg/L extracellular AQ was recovered, which was 11-fold to control, whereas 2.7mg/g AQ was desorbed from the resins. When the factors were further studied, as high as 68.99mg/g DW intracellular AQ was obtained when cultures were treated with 0.25g XAD-4 on day 18 and harvested on day 24. This was 1.2-fold higher than control. 6.32mg/L extracellular AQ was recovered, which was comparable to control, while 0.52mg/g AQ was desorbed from the resins. However, cell growth was reduced 9.5% to 34.77g/L compared to control. A few types of AQ constituents were detected from the cells, culture medium and XAD-4 resins through qualitative HPLC analyses. Four different types of AQ compound were identified. While only rubiadin-1-methyl ether was detected in the cells, both damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal were detected from the culture medium whereas lucidin-ω-methyl ether was detected from XAD-4 resins. Numerous unidentified peaks were also detected frequently from the AQ extracts