General Psychopathology and Dysregulation Profile in a Longitudinal Community Sample: Stability, Antecedents and Outcomes.

The general factor of psychopathology (GP, or p factor) and the Dysregulation Profile (DP) are two conceptually similar, but independently developed approaches to understand psychopathology. GP and DP models and their stability, antecedents and outcomes are studied in a longitudinal sample of 1073 children (49.8% female). GP and DP models were estimated at ages 8 and 14 years using the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self Report (YSR). Early childhood antecedents and adolescent outcomes were derived using a multi-method multi-informant approach. Results showed that the general GP and DP had similar key symptoms and were similarly related to early-childhood antecedents (e.g., lower effortful control, higher maternal depression) and adolescent outcomes (e.g., reduced academic functioning, poorer mental health). This study demonstrates that GP and DP are highly similar constructs in middle childhood and adolescence, both describing a general vulnerability for psychopathology with (emotional) dysregulation at its core. Scientific integration of these approaches could lead to a better understanding of the structure, antecedents and outcomes of psychopathology

Design, implementation and validation of a Europe-wide pedagogical framework for e-learning

This work has been carried out within the project UNITE 026964: Unified e-Learning environment for the school, partially supported by the European Community under the Information Society Technologies (IST) priority of the 6th Framework Programme for R&D. The research has also been supported within the Project 177-0361994-1998 Usability and Adaptivity of Interfaces for Intelligent Authoring Shells funded by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Technology of the Republic of Croatia.Within the context of a Europe-wide project UNITE, a number of European partners set out to design, implement and validate a pedagogical framework (PF) for e- and m-Learning in secondary schools. The process of formulating and testing the PF was an evolutionary one that reflected the experiences and skills of the various European partners and secondary schools involved in the project. The framework involved pedagogies which underpin the teaching of subject matter in a number of European secondary schools as well as the ways in which learning is delivered and assessed. The PF represents an essential part of the e-Learning system conceptualization and development and offers sound concepts for the development of learning scenarios in order to enhance the learning experience of students in secondary schools. A five-component framework which, by means of its constituents, drives and guides the creation of e-Learning scenarios was designed and tested. It is composed of the pedagogical framework context, pedagogical approaches, assessment techniques, teacher education and national specifics and current pedagogical practices implemented in national curricula. A series of learning scenarios were created to test the PF in classrooms. A detailed exemplar of a scenario in practice is offered. An evaluation of the scenarios based on [Reeves, T. C., 1994. Evaluating what really matters in computer-based education. In M. Wild, D. Kirkpatrick (Eds.), Computer education: new perspectives (pp. 219–246). Perth, Australia: MASTEC] pedagogical dimensions revealed that UNITE is based on constructivist and cognitive foundations. With increased experience of the system the teachers’ implementation of the pedagogical framework developed into increased mastery in the school context. Teachers from the second validation phase became more confident in their application of the framework principles and evaluated more positively the outcomes. This helped them to become more aware of the opportunities offered by the framework in their secondary school teaching. In order to bring this about the supports for change were put into place at the levels of pedagogical design, administrative support and the provision of the required resources and appropriate continuing professional development. The project has sought to create this support structure to ensure maximal benefits of the system for teaching and learning. Such a pedagogical support PF has offered scope for both collaborative and autonomous learning which have brought about value-added teaching and learning effects in the Europe-wide network of schools.peer-reviewe

Global Governance and the Emergence of Global Institutions for the 21st Century

All those who despair at the state of the world and its multiple problems will find in this book ambitious but reasonable proposals that will give our globalized world the institutions of international governance necessary to resolve pressing problems including peace, security, and climate change. This title is also available as Open Access

Components of palliative care interventions addressing the needs of people with dementia living in long term care: a systematic review

© The Author(s) 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).Background: People with dementia requiring palliative care havemultiple needs that require complex, multicomponent interventions. Thisneed is amplified in the long term care setting. The European Associationfor Palliative Care (EAPC) White Paper offers recommendations forpalliative care in dementia and highlights domains of care integral forthis population, thus providing useful guidance to developing suchinterventions. This review maps components of palliative careinterventions for people with dementia in LTCFs, with a particular focuson shared decision-making.Peer reviewe

Gender, Social Networks, and Voting Behavior

This paper examines how interpersonal social networks help explain the voting behavior of men and women. We argue that the gender gap in voting is influenced by the partisan and gender composition of networks, rather than just the latter. Building on this foundation, we explain how gendering in network construction and impact helps create a cleavage between men and women even under conditions that are often close to random mixing. Analysis of the 2000 American National Election Study shows the voting gap is related to men excluding women from political networks, men being less exposed to females who support Democrats, and men being more strongly influence by women who support Republicans. The principal conclusion of the paper is that the role of social networks in explaining gendered voting is a function of combined partisan and gender segregation, principally by men

Cross-level effects of procedural justice perceptions on faculty trust

© 2014 Peter Ping Li. The progression in the organisational justice literature has extended beyond the individual employee level towards recognising the importance of one\u27s work unit and its potential to affect individual reactions to unfairness. This study contributes to existing multilevel justice research by assessing whether aggregate (i.e. unit-level) fairness perceptions influence the relationship between individuals\u27 perceived violation of procedural justice and trust in management. Hypotheses were tested within a sample of faculty nested within different departments of a university undergoing an institution-wide budget cuts allocation process. Results largely supported our expectations: (1) the previously established individual-level relationships between procedural justice and trust were replicated in the faculty sample; (2) department-level procedural justice perceptions were related to trust in administration and (3) department-level procedural justice perceptions were shown to moderate the relationship between individual-level procedural justice perceptions and trust in management. Theoretical and practical implications of considering the context of individual-level procedural justice perceptions and reactions are discussed

Facultative paedomorphosis and the pattern of intra- and interspecific variation in cranial skeleton: lessons from European newts (Ichthyosaura alpestris and Lissotriton vulgaris)

peer reviewedPaedomorphosis, the presence of ancestral larval and juvenile traits that occur at the descendent adult stage, is an evolutionary phenomenon that shaped morphological evolution in many vertebrate lineages, including tailed amphibians. Among salamandrid species, paedomorphic and metamorphic phenotypes can be observed within single populations (facultative paedomorphosis). Despite wide interest in facultative paedomorphosis and polymorphism produced by heterochronic changes (heterochronic polymorphism), the studies that investigate intraspecific morphological variation in facultative paedomorphic species are largely missing. By quantifying the cranium size and development (bone development and remodeling), we investigated the variation at multiple levels (i.e., between sexes, populations and species) of two facultatively paedomorphic European newt species: the alpine and the smooth newt. The pattern of variation between paedomorphs (individuals keeping larval traits at the adult stage) and metamorphs (metamorphosed adult individuals) varied between species and among populations within a single species. The patterns of variation in size and skull formation appear to be more uniform in the alpine than in the smooth newt, indicating that developmental constraints differed between species (more pronounced in alpine than in smooth newt). Our study shows that the cranial skeleton provides detailed insight in the pattern of variation and divergence in heterochronic polymorphism within and between species and open new questions related to heterochronic polymorphism and evolution of cranial skeleton

Liposomal delivery of hydrophobic RAMBAs provides good bioavailability and significant enhancement of retinoic acid signalling in neuroblastoma tumour cells

Retinoid treatment is employed during residual disease treatment in neuroblastoma, where the aim is to induce neural differentiation or death in tumour cells. However, although therapeutically effective, retinoids have only modest benefits and suffer from poor pharmacokinetic properties. In vivo, retinoids induce CYP26 enzyme production in the liver, enhancing their own rapid metabolic clearance, while retinoid resistance in tumour cells themselves is considered to be due in part to increased CYP26 production. Retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs), which inhibit CYP26 enzymes, can improve retinoic acid pharmacokinetics in pre-clinical neuroblastoma models. Here we demonstrate that in cultured neuroblastoma tumour cells, RAMBAs enhance retinoic acid action as seen by morphological differentiation, AKT signalling and suppression of MYCN protein. Although active as retinoid enhancers, these RAMBAs are highly hydrophobic and their effective delivery in humans will be very challenging. Here we demonstrate that such RAMBAs can be loaded efficiently into cationic liposomal particles, where the RAMBAs achieve good bioavailability and activity in cultured tumour cells. This demonstrates the efficacy of RAMBAs in enhancing retinoid signaling in neuroblastoma cells and shows for the first time that liposomal delivery of hydrophobic RAMBAs is a viable approach, providing novel opportunities for their delivery and application in humans