Morphometric and Histopathologic Changes in Skeletal Muscle Induced for Injectable PLGA Microparticles

Galdames, IS (Galdames, Ivan Suazo).Univ Talca, Talca, ChileThe administration of microencapsulated drug in a matrix acid poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) by intramuscular (IM) in humans has been approved by the FDA for various applications though it is not clear what effect they have on the morphological parameters of muscle tissue. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological changes in the skeletal muscle tissue with their use. We used 12 adult female Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus novergicus) that were injected into their right gastrocnemius muscle belly with: sterile vehicle solution (01, n = 4), 0.5 mg PLGA microparticle (02, n = 4) and 0.75 mg PLGA microparticle (03, n = 4), both dissolved in a sterile vehicle solution. At 14 days post injection the number and diameter of muscle fibers, the level of inflammation and histology appearance in terms of organization of muscle fibers, cellular distribution, tissue morphology and the presence of polymer waste were determined and the results between the groups compared. The administration of the compound in a single dose did not alter the morphometric parameters (number and diameter of muscle fibers) despite generating a mild inflammation in the tissue associated with the presence of polymeric residues, suggesting that the PLGA microparticles were well tolerated by the muscle tissue at concentrations tested (0.5 and 0.75 mg). n Number: WOS:00029366100001

Differences in the fly-load of Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) on cattle is modified by endophyte infection of pastures

Background: The horn fly, Haematobia irritans, is an obligate bloodsucking ectoparasite of pastured cattle and is a major pest of livestock production in North and South America and Europe. In this study, we investigated the potential to use cattle pastures, infected with non-toxic, "friendly" fungal-endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., as a strategy for reducing horn fly loads in cattle, and to evaluate the possible bioinsecticide effect on horn fly larvae. Results: When cattle grazed in E+ tall fescue, a decrease in fly-load was observed, compared with other pastures (endophyte-free (E-) pastures). The infestation of horn fly load decreased according to an increase in the percentage of endophyte present in the different pastures (0 to 100%). Moreover, two groups of animals with significant differences in the fly-load (high and low fly-load) in the same herd were observed (P < 0.05). Additionally, it was possible to determine a bioinsecticide effect of cattle dung, upon horn fly larvae (80%), from animals fed E+ tall fescue. Conclusions: These results constitute the first report on the potential for exploiting pasture management for controlling 1) horn fly-loads on cattle and 2) the normal development of horn fly larvae. In conclusion, this information provides preliminary understanding of the role of cattle pasture diet management for controlling horn fliesas part of an integrated pest management strategy for this major pest of farmed livestock

Chilean sport sciences scientific production indexed in the Web of Science (1981-2016)

9 p.Objetivo: realizar un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica chilena de Ciencias del deporte indexada en la Web of Science hasta 2016. Métodos: se analizaron los artículos y revisiones de Ciencias del deporte de Chile incluidos en los índices de la Colección principal de Web of Science hasta 2016. Los datos se recopilaron y filtraron en el programa Endnote X6 y luego se exportaron a Excel 2013, Bibexcel e Histcite para su análisis. La bibliometría se centró en la productividad, los sujetos y los patrones de colaboración. Resultados: Se encontraron un total de 152 documentos publicados desde 1981 hasta 2016. Las ciencias de la vida fueron el área de investigación principal (104), mientras que la fisiología (36) y la teoría del entrenamiento deportivo (30) fueron los sujetos más representados. La media de autores por artículo fue de 5,26 y el porcentaje de colaboración estuvo principalmente entre el 94% y el 100%. Ramírez-Campillo fue el autor más prolífico (24) y Caniuqueo logró el mayor índice de colaboración (10.83). Se descubrieron dos redes, con 20 y 10 académicos respectivamente y que representan 19 instituciones diferentes. Un grupo de 53 revistas diferentes ha difundido publicaciones de Ciencias del Deporte de Chile, pero 12 de ellas recolectaron el 60.53% de la producción total. Conclusión: la producción científica chilena de Ciencias del Deporte indexada en la Web of Science muestra el desarrollo progresivo y el fortalecimiento de este campo del conocimiento, claramente orientado a las Ciencias de la Vida, el trabajo en equipo y la colaboración internacional. También se debe destacar el establecimiento de una red que incluye académicos de Australia, Brasil, Canadá, Chile y España, que está impulsando la investigación de Ciencias del Deporte en este paísS

Quality of Lipid Fractions in Deep-Fried Foods from Street Vendors in Chile

Deep-fried foods sold by unlicensed street vendors are a health concern for various reasons, but oil quality is particularly important considering known links between fat consumption and cardiovascular disease. To diagnose the exact gravity of this situation in Chile, a country where street vendors are proliferate, the physicochemical parameters of fat fractions from fried food samples were assessed. Fat quality was assessed through the acidity index, peroxide index, extinction coefficient, TOTOX index, polar compounds percentage, and fatty acid profile. Most food samples (80%) had at least a 10% fat content. Many samples also had high peroxide values (1.7-103.3 meqO2/kg) and extinction coefficients (K and K), findings indicative of advanced oil deterioration. These results were supported by values for para-Anisidine (100.2-311.0), TOTOX (>103.6), and polar compounds (14.2-49.7%). All assessed food samples contained saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as trans-fatty acids (0.6-1.7%). According to national regulations on polar compounds, 50% of the assessed food samples are unfit for human consumption. When applying national limits for C18, all food samples should be discarded. These findings stress the urgent need to strictly control deep-fried foods sold by street vendors.Dr. Marcos Flores thanks the Research and Postgraduate Department of the Universidad Santo Tomás for the financial support to this research through the internal project [code TAS 0000015989].Peer Reviewe

Homenaje a don José Toribio Medina

Incluye:- Facultad de filosofía y ciencias de la educación: sesión extraordinaria en 12 y 19 de diciembre de 1930 . Por Luis Galdames, Luis A. Puga y Raúl Ramírez.- Consejo universitario: sesión ordinaria en 15 de diciembre de 1930. Por J. Castro Oliveira y Gustavo Lira. - Don José Toribio Medina: la obra del mayor de los bibliógrafos americanos. Por Armando Alonso.- La obra de Medina. Por L. Briones.- Don José Toribio Medina (Editorial de "El Mercurio" de 12 de diciembre de 1930)- Don José Toribio Medina (Editorial de "La Nación" de 12 de diciembre de 1930

Plasma Levels of Diphenylhydantoin and the Control of Adult Epileptic Seizures: A Chilean Experience

:In a prospective study of 117 adult ambulatory patients, 110 of whom were epileptics treated only with oral diphenylhydantoin (DPH), plasma levels of this drug were determined by gas‐liquid chromatography. The average follow‐up time was 6 months (range, 3 to 13 months); satisfactory control of seizures was obtained with plasma levels in the 10.2 to 25.8 μg/ml range, representing 68% of the patients whose seizures had been controlled. The dosage received by this group was from 4.2 to 6 mg/kg, with an average of 5.1. In general, these results agree with those found in European or North American patients, even though some differences or little clarity in the methodology of other trials make comparison difficult. This similarity of results makes one think that genetic or environmental differences do not alter the response to DPH in our patients, but further studies are necessary in that area. This paper can serve as a basis for the extrapolation of data about DPH coming from other latitu

Effect of Carvedilol and Nebivolol on Oxidative Stress-related Parameters and Endothelial Function in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction have been associated with essential hypertension (EH) mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvedilol and nebivolol on the oxidative stress-related parameters and endothelial function in patients with EH. The studied population included 57 patients, either sex, between 30 and 75 years of age, with mild-to-moderate EH complications. Participants were randomized to receive either carvedilol (12.5 mg) (n = 23) or nebivolol (5 mg) (n = 21) for 12 weeks. Measurements included; 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure (BP), flow-mediated dilatation, levels of nitric oxide estimated as nitrite - a nitric oxide metabolite ( NO 2 ) - in plasma, and oxidative stress-related parameters in plasma and erythrocyte. EH patients who were treated with nebivolol or carvedilol showed systolic BP reductions of 17.4 and 19.9 mmHg, respectively, compared with baseline values (p &lt; 0.01). Diastolic BP was reduced by 13.7 and 12.8 mmHg after t

Socio-economic status and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: A multicentre collaborative study in the International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN)

As part of a multicentre collaborative study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN), each of 12 Centres in 7 countries examined the relationship between CVD risk factors and socio-economic variables. Each Centre (three in Thailand, two each in China, Chile and Brazil and one each in the Philippines, Indonesia and Colombia) examined approx. 200 men aged 35-65 drawn at random from a population within their locality (not designed to be necessarily representative of the general population). Standardized measures of CVD risk factors included body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood cholesterol and cigarette smoking habits. Education, occupation and current income were grouped into ordinal categories of socio-economic status according to standard protocol guidelines, and comparisons were made between risk factor levels within each of these categories. Many of these populations had higher levels of education (as a marker of socio-economic status) than would the general population of their country. For both BMI and blood cholesterol there were a number of centres which showed positive associations with socio-economic status. These were predominately in China or urban or rural South East Asia. For blood pressure and cigarette smoking the associations with socio-economic status tended to be negative, more in line with the direction of association seen in the 'Developed' World. The high risk factor levels found in these populations, particularly the alarming prevalence of cigarette smoking in Asia and the high cholesterol levels in Latin America and Urban S.E. Asia suggest that CVD will emerge as a major public health problem in the Developing World. As this happens, knowledge of the patterns of association between risk and socio-economic status is likely to be important in both understanding the reasons for the patterns of disease and directing efforts at prevention