Recommandations préanalytiques pour les analyses de protéomique clinique des fluides biologiques

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Surface modification of poly(butylene terephthalate) nonwoven by photochemistry and biofunctionalization with peptides for blood filtration

The surface of meltblown poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) nonwoven was modified by photochemistry using the photolinker O-succinimidyl 4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoate for the introduction of activated ester functions and then coupling of molecular probes or biomolecules. Approximately 4000 pmol of (L)-4,5-[ 3H]-lysine was fixed per PBT sample (1.13 cm 2) and measured by liquid scintillation counting. The method consisted in a two-step process: (a) coating of the clip (0.05 mg/sample) on the fibrous surface of the PBT followed by UV irradiation (30 min, 254 nm) and (b) coupling of amine-terminated molecules (10 -3 M in phosphate buffer-CH 3CN [1/1, v/v], 20 h). Moreover, about 2000 pmol of 3H-lysine can be immobilized on the PBT surface after UV irradiation (without clip) by aminolysis reactions with the created oxygenated functions. The derivatizations (via the clip and UV irradiation only) were stable after long-term heating at 100 °C in water or under steam-sterilization conditions. They induce neither modifications of the nonwoven morphology nor cytotoxicity. This method was applied for the grafting of peptides Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser and Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly to perform blood filtration experiments and to retain the leukocytes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Proteomic mapping of bezafibrate-treated human hepatocytes in primary culture using two-dimensional liquid chromatography

International audiencePeroxisome proliferators have been extensively studied in rodents and are known to induce liver tumors, whereas the effects of these compounds are not very clearly identified in humans when they are widely exposed to herbicides, plasticizers, solvents or drugs such as the lipid-lowering fibrate bezafibrate (BEZA). We assessed the effect of BEZA on human hepatocyte proteome. Hepatocyte proteins, including those membrane-associated, were successfully extracted and separated using 2D-liquid chromatography (PF2D, Beckman coulter). Proteins that were regulated by ≥ 1.5 fold compared to controls were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF, Bruker Daltonics) and SwissProt bank search. BEZA modified the expression of proteins involved in various metabolic pathways as well as in cell homeostasis. No marker of peroxisome proliferation was obtained but surprisingly the expression of proteins involved in liver carcinogenicity was modulated. The co-treatment of cultures with N-acetylcysteine modified the set of proteins regulated by BEZA, either by a potentiation or an inhibition of the effects. Our study points out that the hepatocellular redox environment has to be taken into account when using fibrates in therapeutics

VARIABLE SELECTION FOR NOISY DATA APPLIED IN PROTEOMICS

International audienceThe paper proposes a variable selection method for pro-teomics. It aims at selecting, among a set of proteins, those (named biomarkers) which enable to discriminate between two groups of individuals (healthy and pathological). To this end, data is available for a cohort of individuals: the biological state and a measurement of concentrations for a list of proteins. The proposed approach is based on a Bayesian hierarchical model for the dependencies between biological and instrumental variables. The optimal selection function minimizes the Bayesian risk, that is to say the selected set of variables maximizes the posterior probability. The two main contributions are: (1) we do not impose ad-hoc relationships between the variables such as a logistic regression model and (2) we account for instrumental variability through measurement noise. We are then dealing with indirect observations of a mixture of distributions and it results in intricate probability distributions. A closed-form expression of the posterior distributions cannot be derived. Thus, we discuss several approximations and study the robustness to the noise level. Finally, the method is evaluated both on simulated and clinical data. Index Terms— Model and variable selection, Bayesian approach, biological et technological variability, Gaussian mixture, proteomics

VARIABLE SELECTION FOR NOISY DATA APPLIED IN PROTEOMICS

International audienceThe paper proposes a variable selection method for pro-teomics. It aims at selecting, among a set of proteins, those (named biomarkers) which enable to discriminate between two groups of individuals (healthy and pathological). To this end, data is available for a cohort of individuals: the biological state and a measurement of concentrations for a list of proteins. The proposed approach is based on a Bayesian hierarchical model for the dependencies between biological and instrumental variables. The optimal selection function minimizes the Bayesian risk, that is to say the selected set of variables maximizes the posterior probability. The two main contributions are: (1) we do not impose ad-hoc relationships between the variables such as a logistic regression model and (2) we account for instrumental variability through measurement noise. We are then dealing with indirect observations of a mixture of distributions and it results in intricate probability distributions. A closed-form expression of the posterior distributions cannot be derived. Thus, we discuss several approximations and study the robustness to the noise level. Finally, the method is evaluated both on simulated and clinical data. Index Terms— Model and variable selection, Bayesian approach, biological et technological variability, Gaussian mixture, proteomics

Is there B cell involvement in a rat model of spontaneous idiopathic nephrotic syndrome treated with LF15-0195?

International audienceBACKGROUND: The Buffalo/Mna (Buff/Mna) rat spontaneously develops idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), and its nephropathy recurs after the renal transplantation of a healthy graft. Only LF15-0195 is able to cause regression of the Buff/Mna nephropathy and to induce regulatory T cells, which decrease proteinuria when transferred into proteinuric Buff/Mna rats. Based on previous research on B cells in human INS, we evaluated the involvement of B cells in our model and the impact of LF15-0195.METHODS: We studied the effect of LF15-0195 on peripheral B cells by flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. B cells were purified from LF15-0195-treated Buff/Mna rats in remission, and transferred into proteinuric Buff/Mna rats. We treated the Buff/Mna rats with mitoxantrone and measured the depletion of B/T cells in parallel with proteinuria.RESULTS: LF15-0195 changed the phenotype of B cells: the number of naïve mature B cells increased significantly, while the number of switched, transitional 1, and transitional 2 B cells decreased. There were no changes in the amount of memory, activated or regulatory B cells. We observed a significant increase of immunoglobulin (Ig)M mRNA transcripts in the LF15-0195-treated Buff/Mna B cells compared to controls, but no difference in the level of IgG. This profile is consistent with a block in B cell maturation at the IgM to IgG switch. The transfer of B cells from LF15-0195-treated rats into proteinuric Buff/Mna rats did not have an effect on proteinuria. Mitoxantrone, despite causing a significant depletion of B cells, did not reduce proteinuria.CONCLUSION: Despite LF15-0195 acting on B cells, the beneficial effects of this drug on nephrotic syndrome did not involve the induction of regulatory B cells. Moreover, the B cell depletion was not effective in reducing proteinuria, indicating that B cells are not a therapeutic target

Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Europe: recommendations from a Pan-European Consensus Conference

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an increasing global health problem and presents significant challenges to European health care systems. Newborn screening (NBS) for SCD enables early initiation of preventive measures and has contributed to a reduction in childhood mortality from SCD. Policies and methodologies for NBS vary in different countries, and this might have consequences for the quality of care and clinical outcomes for SCD across Europe. A two-day Pan-European consensus conference was held in Berlin in April 2017 in order to appraise the current status of NBS for SCD and to develop consensus-based statements on indications and methodology for NBS for SCD in Europe. More than 50 SCD experts from 13 European countries participated in the conference. This paper aims to summarise the discussions and present consensus recommendations which can be used to support the development of NBS programmes in European countries where they do not yet exist, and to review existing programmes

Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Europe: recommendations from a Pan-European Consensus Conference

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an increasing global health problem and presents significant challenges to European health care systems. Newborn screening (NBS) for SCD enables early initiation of preventive measures and has contributed to a reduction in childhood mortality from SCD. Policies and methodologies for NBS vary in different countries, and this might have consequences for the quality of care and clinical outcomes for SCD across Europe. A two-day Pan-European consensus conference was held in Berlin in April 2017 in order to appraise the current status of NBS for SCD and to develop consensus-based statements on indications and methodology for NBS for SCD in Europe. More than 50 SCD experts from 13 European countries participated in the conference. This paper aims to summarise the discussions and present consensus recommendations which can be used to support the development of NBS programmes in European countries where they do not yet exist, and to review existing programmes