60 research outputs found

    Are computers effective lie detectors? A Meta-analysis of linguistic cues to deception

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    This meta-analysis investigates linguistic cues to deception and whether these cues can be detected with computer programs. We integrated operational definitions for 79 cues from 44 studies where software had been used to identify linguistic deception cues. These cues were allocated to six research questions. As expected, the meta-analyses demonstrated that, relative to truth-tellers, liars experienced greater cognitive load, expressed more negative emotions, distanced themselves more from events, expressed fewer sensory-perceptual words, and referred less often to cognitive processes. However, liars were not more uncertain than truth-tellers. These effects were moderated by event type, involvement, emotional valence, intensity of interaction, motivation, and other moderators. Although the overall effect size was small theory-driven predictions for certain cues received support. These findings not only further our knowledge about the usefulness of linguistic cues to detect deception with computers in applied settings but also elucidate the relationship between language and deception

    Extracción de aceite de macadamia por inmersión en solventes alcohólicos

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    In this study, experiments of macadamia oil extraction were performed by immersion, using a mass ratio of solid: solvent (1:20) and immersion times of 7 hours and 30 minutes, 12 and 16 hours in ethanol and isopropanol, absolute degree, in order to evaluate the performance of these solvents and compare the immersion times. For this, macadamia pressed cake was used as raw material, residual material from the extraction process by pressing, lipid content of 57.4 ± 0.7%, on dry basis. With the combination of batch extraction (three stages of contact) and subsequent immersion for 7 hours and 30 minutes, absolute isopropanol extract more oil in relation to absolute ethanol. In the immersion for 12 and 16 hours, both solvents achieve to equal the oil extraction yield (approximately 94 %), however, the oil extraction yield no increase when increasing the immersion time from 12 to 16 hours, so it is possible to infer that in 12 hours of immersion the equilibrium condition has already been reached.En el presente estudio se realizaron experimentos de extracción de aceite de macadamia por inmersión, utilizando razón masa de sólido: masa de solvente (1:20) y tiempos de inmersión de 7 horas y 30 minutos, 12 y 16 horas en etanol e isopropanol absoluto, con la finalidad de evaluar el desempeño de estos solventes alcohólicos y comparar los tiempos de inmersión. Para esto, se utilizó como materia prima la torta de macadamia, material residual del proceso de extracción por prensado, contenido de lípidos de 57.4 ± 0.7 %, en base seca. Con la combinación de la extracción por lotes (tres etapas de contacto) y la inmersión posterior durante 7 horas y 30 minutos, el isopropanol absoluto consigue extraer mayor cantidad de aceite en relación al etanol absoluto. En la inmersión por 12 y 16 horas, ambos solventes consiguen igualar el rendimiento de extracción de aceite (aproximadamente 94 %), sin embargo, el rendimiento de extracción de aceite no aumenta al aumentar el tiempo de inmersión de 12 para 16 horas, por lo que es posible inferir que en 12 horas de inmersión ya se ha alcanzado la condición de equilibrio

    Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts from Colombian Coffee-Growing Eco-Region

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    The present study describes the in vitro antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of 34 plant species collected in the Colombian coffee-growing eco-region belonging to Euphorbiaceae, Piperaceae and Solanaceae families. The antioxidant properties of extracts were evaluated by determining radical scavenging power measured with a DPPH assay. The methanolic extracts of  Hyeronimia antioquiensis, Mabea montana, and Alchornea grandis species (Euphorbiaceae), presents EC50 values equal to 0.686, 12.35, and 13.01 µg/mL, respectively, showing high antioxidant potential

    The relationship between mindfulness and emotional intelligence as a protective factor for healthcare professionals: systematic review

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    Emotional intelligence is an essential trait and skill for healthcare professionals. Mind fulness meditation has proved to be effective in increasing the wellbeing of those who practice it, leading to better mental health, self-care and job satisfaction. This paper aims to identify the recent evidence on the relationship between mindfulness and emotional intelligence among healthcare professionals and students. A systematic review was conducted including the databases PubMed, Cinhal, PsycINFO and Web of Science. The main variables were emotional intelligence skills and mindfulness practice. Data were extracted according to the following outcomes: authors, year of publication, country, study design, participants, mindfulness training intervention, tools used in data collection and main results. The following inclusion criteria were applied: peer-reviewed articles; published in English or Spanish; published between 2010 and 2020; quantitative methodology; a study population of healthcare professionals or students; the relationship with the aim of the study. The Joanna Briggs Institute criteria were followed for assessing the methodological quality of the selected studies. Three researchers were involved in the review. After the selection process, 10 studies were selected out of the 197 references initially identified. These studies revealed a positive relation ship between mindfulness and emotional intelligence, particularly the capacity to regulate emotions. Furthermore, mindfulness is negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Training interventions based on mindfulness have proved to be useful in promoting emotional balance, emotional awareness, emotional acceptance, emotion recognition, expressive suppression and a reduction in emotional exhaustion. This study could serve as a basis for further research on the benefits of emotional intelligence and practicing mindfulness for the bio-psycho-social welfare of healthcare professionals

    Systematic review of the nature of nursing care described by using the Caring Behaviours Inventory

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    Aim To describe the nature of care received by patients measured through the Caring Behaviours Inventory. Background Professional nursing practice combines two dimensions of caring: instrumental care and expressive care. Instrumental care focuses on physical health needs, in terms of efficiency and employs interventions based on evidence. Expressive care is patient‐centred and based on the interpersonal relationship. It requires caring attitudes that include respect, kindness, sensitivity and patience. The Caring Behaviours Inventory is a tool designed to assess the care expressed through the behaviours nurses perform, contextualised within the Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring. Methods A systematic review following PRISMA recommendations. Scopus, PubMed and CINAHL databases were consulted using the keywords “Caring Behaviours Inventory” AND “Nursing”. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used for the quality appraisal. A conceptual analysis and a thematic synthesis were performed for data extraction. Results 11 articles were selected. Three categories were identified: nature of caring, congruence between perceived care by patients and nurses, and factors associated with the expression of care. Discussion An emphasis on care of an instrumental nature was identified. The perception of patients differs from that of nurses, patients perceive a lower level of expressive caring than the one nurses believe to deliver. Caring behaviours are affected by the working environment, nurses' emotional intelligence and coping skills, and socio‐demographic characteristics. Conclusion This paper described the findings of previous research regarding the nature of care that is transmitted and received in clinical practice. Results highlight an emphasis on the instrumental aspect of the nursing care according to the patients' perception. Relevance to clinical practice Findings summarised in this review could contribute to a better understanding of the nursing care. Results reported in this paper could also help to improve the quality of care delivered by nurses as well as patient‐centeredness

    POTENCIAL ESCÉNICO DE LA RESERVA NATURAL CERRO DATANLÍ-EL DIABLO EN JINOTEGA, CON FINES ECO TURÍSTICOS

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    El estudio fue realizado en la RN Cerro Datanlí- El Diablo, Jinotega. El objetivo principal fue identificar sitios con potencial belleza escénica aun no considerados para la ejecución de actividades ecoturísticas que tiendan a mejorar la calidad de vida de sus pobladores locales a partir de la visita de turistas y nacionales. Los mejores atractivos naturales e infraestructura existente se homogenizaron mediante la consulta a lugareños y a través de la observación personal. La metodología se desarrolló en tres etapas: (1) Recolección de la información secundaria, selección y ubicación de la zona de estudio y de contactos (MARENA, PAGJINO, Líderes locales). (2) Giras de campo para llevar a cabo: el DRP auxiliado con tres herramientas participativas; la identificación de 22 sitios con potencial ecoturístico, 3 problemas principales que limitan su desarrollo, recorridos por 7 senderos ecológicos que facilitó la identificación de 17 sitios posibles como miradores de paisajes diversos y 5 sitios donde se pueden observar y escuchar cantar aves exóticas como el Quetzal; aplicación de encuestas a los pobladores locales (niños y jóvenes ambientalistas, mujeres y productores) con el fin de conocer su participación en actividades de protección, conservación y manejo de los recursos naturales. (3) Elaborar los mapas de los senderos a través del programa Arc View 3.2, se ubicaron los principales atractivos, propuestas de cambios en los recorridos basados en pendientes del terreno, análisis de visibilidad de miradores y según los atractivos principales en los  sendero. La información facilitó incluir el diseño de un modelo de infraestructura en los senderos (gradas, miradores y puentes) para el tráfico de visitantes y la elaboración de tres propuestas de paquetes turísticos que contienen información básica de los recursos naturales existentes en la reserva natural. Palabras clave: Atractivos naturales, calidad de vida, Diagnóstico Rural Participativo, ecoturismo, encuestas, miradores de senderos, paquetes turísticos, potencial belleza escénica, Sistema de Posicionamiento Global GPS

    Heavy Metal Tolerance of Microorganisms Isolated from Coastal Marine Sediments and Their Lead Removal Potential

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    In this study, 338 microorganisms, comprising 271 bacteria and 67 fungi, were isolated from sediment samples collected from underexplored Pacific and Caribbean regions of Colombia. Screening trials were conducted on selected strains (n = 276) to assess their tolerance to cadmium (Cd2+), lead (Pb2+), and zinc (Zn2+), leading to the identification of six bacteria capable of withstanding 750 mg·L−1 of each heavy metal ion. Three promising microorganisms, identified as Enterobacter sp. INV PRT213, Pseudomonas sp. INV PRT215, and Stenotrophomonas sp. INV PRT216 were selected for lead removal experiments using LB broth medium supplemented with 400 mg·L−1 Pb2+. Among these, Pseudomonas sp. INV PRT215 exhibited significant potential, removing 49% of initial Pb2+ after 240 min of exposure (16.7 g wet biomass·L−1, pH 5, 30 °C). Infrared spectra of Pb-exposed biomass showed changes in functional groups, including carbonyl groups of amides, carboxylate, phosphate, hydroxyl, and amine groups, compared to the not-exposed control. These changes suggested interactions between the metal and functional groups in the biomass. The findings of this study highlight the potential of microorganisms derived from coastal marine environments as promising candidates for future applications in bioremediation of polluted environments contaminated with heavy metals

    Milk kefir: Composition, microbial cultures, biological activities, and related products

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    In recent years, there has been a strong focus on beneficial foods with probiotic microorganisms and functional organic substances. In this context, there is an increasing interest in the commercial use of kefir, since it can be marketed as a natural beverage that has health promoting bacteria. There are numerous commercially available kefir based-products. Kefir may act as a matrix in the effective delivery of probiotic microorganisms in different types of products. Also, the presence of kefir's exopolysaccharides, known as kefiran, which has biological activity, certainly adds value to products. Kefiran can also be used separately in other food products and as a coating film for various food and pharmaceutical products. This article aims to update the information about kefir and its microbiological composition, biological activity of the kefir's microflora and the importance of kefiran as a beneficial health substance.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

    Seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infections in an urban population-based cohort in León, Nicaragua

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    In a Nicaraguan population-based cohort, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence reached 28% in the first 6 months of the country's epidemic and reached 35% 6 months later. Immune waning was uncommon. Individuals with a seropositive household member were over three times as likely to be seropositive themselves, suggesting the importance of household transmission

    Secretor Status Strongly Influences the Incidence of Symptomatic Norovirus Infection in a Genotype-Dependent Manner in a Nicaraguan Birth Cohort

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    BACKGROUND: The role of histo-blood group on the burden and severity of norovirus gastroenteritis in young infants has not been well documented. METHODS: Norovirus gastroenteritis was assessed in 443 Nicaraguan children followed from birth until 3 years of age. Stool samples were tested for norovirus by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) were determined by phenotyping of saliva and blood. Hazard ratios and predictors of norovirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outcome stratified by HBGA were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Of 1353 AGE episodes experienced by children, 229 (17%) tested positive for norovirus with an overall incidence of 21.9/100 child-years. Secretor children were infected as early as 2 months of age and had a higher incidence of norovirus GII compared to nonsecretor children (15.4 vs 4.1/100 child-years, P = .006). Furthermore, all GII.4 AGE episodes occurred in secretor children. Children infected with GI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.09 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .02-.33]) or non-GII.4 viruses (aOR, 0.2 [95% CI, .07-.6]) were less likely to have severe AGE compared to GII.4-infected children. CONCLUSIONS: Secretor status in children strongly influences the incidence of symptomatic norovirus infection in a genogroup or genotype-dependent manner and provides evidence that clinical severity in children depends on norovirus genotypes
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