178 research outputs found
Measurement of the 12C(e,e'p)11B Two-Body Breakup Reaction at High Missing Momentum Values
The five-fold differential cross section for the 12C(e,e'p)11B reaction was
determined over a missing momentum range of 200-400 MeV/c, in a kinematics
regime with Bjorken x > 1 and Q2 = 2.0 (GeV/c)2. A comparison of the results
and theoretical models and previous lower missing momentum data is shown. The
theoretical calculations agree well with the data up to a missing momentum
value of 325 MeV/c and then diverge for larger missing momenta. The extracted
distorted momentum distribution is shown to be consistent with previous data
and extends the range of available data up to 400 MeV/c.Comment: 12 pages, 1 table and 3 figures for submission to Journal Physics
A novel triage approach of child preventive health assessment: an observational study of routine registry-data
The spread of marine anoxia on the northern Tethys margin during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Records of the paleoenvironmental changes that occurred during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) are preserved in sedimentary rocks along the margins of the former Tethys Ocean and Peri-Tethys. This paper presents new geochemical data that constrain paleoproductivity, sediment delivery, and seawater redox conditions, from three sites that were located in the Peri-Tethys region. Trace and major element, iron speciation, and biomarker data indicate that water column anoxia was established during episodes when inputs of land-derived higher plant organic carbon and highly weathered detrital clays and silts became relatively higher. Anoxic conditions are likely to have been initially caused by two primary processes: (i) oxygen consumption by high rates of marine productivity, initially stimulated by the rapid delivery of terrestrially derived organic matter and nutrients, and (ii) phosphorus regeneration from seafloor sediments. The role of the latter process requires further investigation before its influence on the spread of deoxygenated seawater during the PETM can be properly discerned. Other oxygen-forcing processes, such as temperature/salinity-driven water column stratification and/or methane oxidation, are considered to have been relatively less important in the study region. Organic carbon enrichments occur only during the initial stages of the PETM as defined by the negative carbon isotope excursions at each site. The lack of observed terminal stage organic carbon enrichment does not support a link between PETM climate recovery and the sequestration of excess atmospheric CO2 as organic carbon in this region; such a feedback may, however, have been important in the early stages of the PETM
Measurements of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron up to Q2=3.4 GeV2 using the Reaction He3(e,e'n)pp
The electric form factor of the neutron was determined from studies of the
reaction He3(e,e'n)pp in quasi-elastic kinematics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab.
Longitudinally polarized electrons were scattered off a polarized target in
which the nuclear polarization was oriented perpendicular to the momentum
transfer. The scattered electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in
coincidence with neutrons that were registered in a large-solid-angle detector.
More than doubling the Q2-range over which it is known, we find GEn = 0.0225
+/- 0.0017 (stat) +/- 0.0024 (syst), 0.0200 +/- 0.0023 +/- 0.0018, and 0.0142
+/- 0.0019 +/- 0.0013 for Q2 = 1.72, 2.48, and 3.41 GeV2, respectively.Comment: submitted to PR
Nucleon electromagnetic form factors
Elastic electromagnetic nucleon form factors have long provided vital
information about the structure and composition of these most basic elements of
nuclear physics. The form factors are a measurable and physical manifestation
of the nature of the nucleons' constituents and the dynamics that binds them
together. Accurate form factor data obtained in recent years using modern
experimental facilities has spurred a significant reevaluation of the nucleon
and pictures of its structure; e.g., the role of quark orbital angular
momentum, the scale at which perturbative QCD effects should become evident,
the strangeness content, and meson-cloud effects. We provide a succinct survey
of the experimental studies and theoretical interpretation of nucleon
electromagnetic form factors.Comment: Topical review invited by Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle
Physics; 34 pages (contents listed on page 34), 11 figure
Cross-Species Analyses Identify Dlgap2 as a Regulator of Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer\u27s Dementia.
Genetic mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline and dementia remain poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of the Diversity Outbred mouse population to utilize quantitative trait loci mapping and identify Dlgap2 as a positional candidate responsible for modifying working memory decline. To evaluate the translational relevance of this finding, we utilize longitudinal cognitive measures from human patients, RNA expression from post-mortem brain tissue, data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Alzheimer\u27s dementia (AD), and GWAS results in African Americans. We find an association between Dlgap2 and AD phenotypes at the variant, gene and protein expression, and methylation levels. Lower cortical DLGAP2 expression is observed in AD and is associated with more plaques and tangles at autopsy and faster cognitive decline. Results will inform future studies aimed at investigating the cross-species role of Dlgap2 in regulating cognitive decline and highlight the benefit of using genetically diverse mice to prioritize novel candidates
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Common genetic variants in the CLDN2 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci alter risk for alcohol-related and sporadic pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is a complex, progressively destructive inflammatory disorder. Alcohol was long thought to be the primary causative agent, but genetic contributions have been of interest since the discovery that rare PRSS1, CFTR, and SPINK1 variants were associated with pancreatitis risk. We now report two significant genome-wide associations identified and replicated at PRSS1-PRSS2 (1×10-12) and x-linked CLDN2 (p < 1×10-21) through a two-stage genome-wide study (Stage 1, 676 cases and 4507 controls; Stage 2, 910 cases and 4170 controls). The PRSS1 variant affects susceptibility by altering expression of the primary trypsinogen gene. The CLDN2 risk allele is associated with atypical localization of claudin-2 in pancreatic acinar cells. The homozygous (or hemizygous male) CLDN2 genotype confers the greatest risk, and its alleles interact with alcohol consumption to amplify risk. These results could partially explain the high frequency of alcohol-related pancreatitis in men – male hemizygous frequency is 0.26, female homozygote is 0.07
Maroon Archaeology Beyond the Americas: A View From Kenya
Archaeological research on Maroons—that is, runaway slaves—has been largely confined to the Americas. This essay advocates a more global approach. It specifically uses two runaway slave communities in 19th-century coastal Kenya to rethink prominent interpretive themes in the field, including “Africanisms,” Maroons’ connections to indigenous groups, and Maroon group cohesion and identity. This article’s analysis demonstrates that the comparisons enabled by a more globalized perspective benefit the field. Instead of eliding historical and cultural context, these comparisons support the development of more localized and historically specific understandings of individual runaway slave communities both in Kenya and throughout the New World
Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Diabetes
Diabetes is a condition of multifactorial origin, involving several molecular mechanisms related to the intestinal
microbiota for its development. In type 2 diabetes, receptor activation and recognition by microorganisms from
the intestinal lumen may trigger inflammatory responses, inducing the phosphorylation of serine residues in insulin
receptor substrate-1, reducing insulin sensitivity. In type 1 diabetes, the lowered expression of adhesion proteins
within the intestinal epithelium favours a greater immune response that may result in destruction of pancreatic
β cells by CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and increased expression of interleukin-17, related to autoimmunity. Research in
animal models and humans has hypothesized whether the administration of probiotics may improve the prognosis
of diabetes through modulation of gut microbiota. We have shown in this review that a large body of evidence
suggests probiotics reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as well as increase the expression of
adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium, reducing intestinal permeability. Such effects increase insulin sensitivity and reduce autoimmune response. However, further investigations are required to clarify whether the administration of probiotics can be efficiently used for the prevention and management of diabetes
History of clinical transplantation
How transplantation came to be a clinical discipline can be pieced together by perusing two volumes of reminiscences collected by Paul I. Terasaki in 1991-1992 from many of the persons who were directly involved. One volume was devoted to the discovery of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), with particular reference to the human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) that are widely used today for tissue matching.1 The other focused on milestones in the development of clinical transplantation.2 All the contributions described in both volumes can be traced back in one way or other to the demonstration in the mid-1940s by Peter Brian Medawar that the rejection of allografts is an immunological phenomenon.3,4 © 2008 Springer New York
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