Bradykinin increases resensitization of purinergic receptor signaling in glioma cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Purinergic receptor-mediated signaling plays an important role in the function of glial cells, including glial tumor cells. Bradykinin is also an important paracrine mediator which is highly expressed in brain tumors and may correlate with their pathological grade. Interaction between bradykinin and purinergic signaling may therefore be involved in the regulation of glial tumor cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We examined the effect of bradykinin on glial purinergic signaling in an immortalized glioma cell line. Confocal calcium imaging revealed that ATP evokes an increase in [Ca²⁺]_iin the U87 human astrocytoma cell line. This response was reduced with repetitive application of ATP, likely due to receptor desensitization. However exposure to bradykinin increased the Ca²⁺response to a second application of ATP, consistent with increased resensitization. The bradykinin effect on resensitization was similar in the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺or in the presence of the PKC activator PMA, but was inhibited by the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Modulation of protein phosphatases and the PI3K pathway may represent a mechanism by which bradykinin potentiates purinergic signaling in glial cells.</p

El trasplante de células de la glía envolvente del bulbo olfatorio tras lesión de la médula espinal: Estudio experimental en ratas.

Objetivo Evaluar el efecto a largo plazo del trasplante de células de la glía envolvente (GE) del bulbo olfatorio tras lesión de la médula espinal. Material y método Se practicó una laminectomía dorsal T8, en 16 ratas adultas Sprague-Dawley, dejando al descubierto la médula espinal subyacente, la cual se bañó con rosa de Bengala durante 10 minutos, antes de lesionarla por iluminación con una fibra óptica acoplada a una lámpara halógena, durante 2,5 minutos. A la mitad de los animales se les inyectó 180.000 células de GE, en 10 μl de medio (grupo GE), y a la otra mitad sólo 10 μl de DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) (grupo DM). Los animales se sacrificaron a los 90 días de efectuar la lesión y se evaluó el área de médula espinal preservada, la recuperación locomotora y la sensibilidad nociceptiva. Resultados Los animales del grupo GE mostraron un nivel de locomoción superior y retiraron antes la pata al estímulo nociceptivo que los del grupo DM. También hubo una mayor preservación de parénquima medular y más células p75 positivas en el grupo GE que en el DM. Conclusiones El trasplante de GE favorece la preservación de parénquima medular y evita la pérdida de funciones motoras y sensoriales en la rata

Fibrohistiocitoma maligno óseo tras degeneración de enfermedad de Paget Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura

El fibrohistiocitoma maligno óseo es un tumor de estirpe mesenquimal poco frecuente, pero de alta agresividad. Se suele presentar de forma primaria, aunque a veces lo hace sobre lesiones previas en el hueso. Puede ser difícil de diferenciar histológicamente de otros tumores, pero es una entidad propia desde el punto de vista anatomopatológico. Presentamos un paciente con enfermedad de Paget que desarrolló un fibrohistiocitoma maligno óseo en el fémur sobre el hueso pagético. Fue tratado mediante desarticulación de cadera. No se usó quimioterapia como tratamiento coadyuvante debido a su avanzada edad y situación basal. A los 18 meses se encuentra asintomático y sin signos de recurrencia. Se hace una revisión de la literatura acerca de este tumor.Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone is a rare but highly agressive mesenchimal tumor. It usually arises as a primary tumor but sometimes it can be associated with pre-existing bone abnormalities. Histologically it can be missdiagnosed with other tumors. We report a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone in the femur in a patient with Paget's disease treated by hip desarticulation. We didn't use chemotherapy because his elderly status. At 18 months follow up, the patient is symptom-free and neither local recurrence nor metastasis have been found. A review of the literature has been carried out

Validity and reliability of the satel 40 HZ stabilometric force platform for measuring quiet stance and dynamic standing balance in healthy subjects

Background: A force platform must have validity and reliability for optimal use. The objective of this study was to analyze the validity and the reliability of the Satel 40 Hz stabilometric force platform. Methods: A study of instrumental validity and reliability, involving a cross-sectional correlational and comparative analysis was performed. To determine the validity, four certified weights located on three axes were used and the ability of the stabilometric force platform to detect changes in the position of the different axes was observed. A test–retest was performed to analyze the reliability. Forty-two symptom-free volunteers participated in the study. Assessments were taken in a standing static position and in a dynamic position, with the eyes open and closed. Three measurements were taken and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Results: The validity increased as the weight increased for all the variables measured in the stabilometric parameters (p < 0.05). The reliability was shown to be good to excellent for the two visual conditions. The positional variables obtained a higher ICC. The variable with the best ICC was the Y mean in OE (ICC 0.874 and a p < 0.001). All the values showed an increase in a dynamic situation. Conclusion: The findings support the reliability and validity of the Satel 40 Hz stabilometric force platform. The platform could be recommended to evaluate static and dynamic standing balance in healthy adult individuals. Guidelines for treatment and the level of quality of stabilometry could be obtained from its use

Multiwavelength Photometric and Spectropolarimetric Analysis of the FSRQ 3C 279

In this paper, we present light curves for 3C 279 over a time period of six years; from 2008 to 2014. Our multiwavelength data comprise 1 mm to gamma-rays, with additional optical polarimetry. Based on the behaviour of the gamma-ray light curve with respect to other bands, we identified three different activity periods. One of the activity periods shows anomalous behaviour with no gamma-ray counterpart associated with optical and NIR flares. Another anomalous activity period shows a flare in gamma-rays, 1 mm and polarization degree, however, it does not have counterparts in the UV continuum, optical and NIR bands. We find a significant overall correlation of the UV continuum emission, the optical and NIR bands. This correlation suggests that the NIR to UV continuum is co-spatial. We also find a correlation between the UV continuum and the 1 mm data, which implies that the dominant process in producing the UV continuum is synchrotron emission. The gamma-ray spectral index shows statistically significant variability and an anti-correlation with the gamma-ray luminosity. We demonstrate that the dominant gamma-ray emission mechanism in 3C 279 changes over time. Alternatively, the location of the gamma-ray emission zone itself may change depending on the activity state of the central engine.Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA

Las alternativas ciudadanas para otros mundos posibles: pensamiento y experiencias

El documento está conformado por tres partes: la primera define algunos conceptos y expone ciertas teorías sobre el desarrollo y las alternativas (los artículos que componen este apartado son: "Diversidad y dinamismo de las alternativas ciudadanas", "¿Desarrollo alternativo o alternativas al desarrollo? repensando el concepto desde el territorio y el sur global"); la segunda, hace referencia a la construcción de algunas experiencias concretas relacionadas con las alternativas ciudadanas ("La gestión compleja del agua", "La alternativa educativa intercultural wixárika"; "Los procesos sociales en la construcción de alternativas a conflictos ambientales en la cuenca alta del río Santiago"). La tercera parte consiste en una propuesta de investigación sobre las alternativas ciudadanas ("Las alternativas ciudadanas: una propuesta de análisis").ITESO, A.C

Influence of Cooking and Ingredients on the Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Content and Volatile Profile of Different Variants of the Mediterranean Typical Tomato Sofrito

In this study, six different sofrito formulations were compared with the raw recipe for total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) methods. The volatile profile was also obtained by the headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–MS) procedure. The cooking process and the addition of herbs, and garlic improved the final content of antioxidant compounds compared to the basic recipe and the raw ingredients. The total volatile content was higher in the samples that contained rosemary and thymus. Some of the volatiles had proven antioxidant properties and for that reason the sofrito with rosemary with the higher volatile content was also the one with the higher antioxidant capacity and TPC. In conclusion, as well as the processing technique, the addition of selected typical Mediterranean herbs apart from given flavour can contribute to improving the nutritional antioxidant profile of dishes and be used as a natural method to increase the shelf-life of preparation

The Rapid Antigen Detection Test for SARS-CoV-2 Underestimates the Identification of COVID-19 Positive Cases and Compromises the Diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 (K417N/T, E484K, and N501Y) Variants

Timely detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has been the gold- strategy for identifying positive cases during the current pandemic. However, faster and less expensive methodologies are also applied for the massive diagnosis of COVID-19. In this way, the rapid antigen test (RAT) is widely used. However, it is necessary to evaluate its detection efficiency considering the current pandemic context with the circulation of new viral variants. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of RAT (SD BIOSENSOR, South Korea), widely used for testing and SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in Santiago of Chile. The RAT showed a 90% (amplification range of 20 ≤ Cq 30. In SARS-CoV-2 variant detection, RAT had a 42.8% detection sensitivity in samples with RT-qPCR amplification range 20 ≤ Cq <25 containing the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) K417N/T, N501Y and E484K, associated with beta or gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study alerts for the special attention that must be paid for the use of RAT at a massive diagnosis level, especially in the current scenario of appearance of several new SARS-CoV-2 variants which could generate false negatives and the compromise of possible viral outbreaks