“La 'cuestión fenicia': el debate sobre la identidad fenicia y su lugar dentro de los estudios clásicos"

En el campo de estudios fenicios, se ha incrementado recientemente el debate sobre hasta qué punto los fenicios constituyen una categoría histórica válida o son una construcción de griegos, romanos, o incluso de arqueólogos del siglo veinte. En comparación con los griegos, con quienes compartieron rutas comerciales y redes culturales, los fenicios son casi fantasmagóricos por la falta de fuentes propias acerca de su identidad colectiva. En el Mediterráneo más occidental, sin embargo, donde la presencia griega no es tan fuerte, los fenicios han ganado un puesto de honor en la arqueología e historiografía como agentes culturales y de cambio, hasta el punto de que ensombrecen la agencia e identidad de otros pueblos aún menos representados en las fuentes escritas. Comparados con los fenicios, los pueblos "locales" como tartesios, sardos, grupos del Norte de África, u otros, no tienen voz en la historia preservada. El miedo entre clasicistas a "reificar" a los fenicios como entidad cultural o incluso étnica se aplica con el mismo escepticismo a Tartessos. Es necesario debatir críticamente los criterios que se aplican para la identificación o validación de distintos grupos y categorías del Mediterráneo antiguo; especialmente debemos admitir y enfrentar el peso de las cultura clásicas y su estudio en nuestra percepción e interpretación del pasado, para poder corregir ciertas inconsistencias y desequilibrios en cómo se les trata, de manera que estos grupos recuperen un lugar y una voz en nuestro discurso historiográfico, aún muy dominado por una visión teleológica y helenocéntrica del Mediterráneo antiguo.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Elaboración de módulos curriculares e instruccionales en educación infantil

El contexto actual exige un cambio educativo que se desplace el modelo conductista que favorece el aprendizaje memorístico y la existencia de errores conceptuales a su vez, y se imparta el modelo cognitivo-constructivista que estimule el aprendizaje significativo, permitiendo así que el alumnado sea crítico y creativo. Aquí se presenta un modelo de conocimiento donde se construye nuevo conocimiento como consecuencia de haber aprendido significativamente. Se aprende no sólo acerca del producto sino también del proceso que conlleva realizarlo. También se presenta un módulo instruccional, el cómo impartir este modelo, de forma que se facilite el aprendizaje significativo para el alumnado y la información que reciba sea transformada en conocimiento útil y sustantivo para que se integre en su adecuada estructura de conocimiento en la memoria a largo plazo. Finalmente, se explican las implicaciones pedagógicas en la escuela que conlleva este tipo de metodología así como las conclusiones alcanzadas tras el proceso de trabajo.The current context requires an educational change which makes a shift of the behaviourist model, unfortunately prevails rote learning and the existence of misconceptions. The current context needs a cognitive-constructive model to encourage meaningful learning; to help the students being creative and critical. I present a knowledge model in which new knowledge is built as a consequence of meaningful learning. It’s learnt not only the result, but the process too. It’s presented an instructional model too, a way of how instruct the contents of the knowledge model, prevailing meaningful learning for the students, and the information received is transformed in useful and substantive knowledge to be integrated in the long-term memory. Finally, educational implications that take place at school because of this methodology are explained, just like the conclusions arrived after the process of this work.Graduado o Graduada en Maestro en Educación Infantil por la Universidad Pública de NavarraHaur Hezkuntzako Irakasletzan Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa

Modelo de evaluación de madurez en gestión de proyectos para pymes del subsector desarrollo de software

The purpose of the paper is to present a project management maturity model for SMEs oriented to software development. The proposal is based on CMMI capability maturity model, and the SCAMPI evaluation method. The proposal includes a quantitative satisfaction scale, redundant evidence assessment, and multiple criteria for selecting experts. The proposal was validated with a case study carried out in a medium-sized company from the Information and Communications Technology sector. The model concluded that the company did not reach maturity level 2; however it showed that 92% of the processes from maturity level 2 and 77% of the total process had already been implemented, which allows the company to adopt a specific orientation for its improvement efforts.El propósito de este artículo es presentar una propuesta de diagnóstico de la gestión de proyectos para pymes dedicadas al desarrollo de software. El modelo se fundamenta en el modelo de madurez de capacidades  (CMMI-DEV) y el método de evaluación SCAMPI (por sus siglas en inglés). La propuesta considera una escala cuantitativa de satisfacción, valoración redundante de evidencias y criterios múltiples de selección de expertos. La propuesta fue probada con un caso de estudio en el que se evaluó la madurez en gestión de proyectos en una mediana empresa del sector de tecnologías de información y comunicaciones. El modelo concluyó que la compañía no alcanza el nivel 2 de madurez, pero se logró identificar que la organización ya tiene implementados el 92% de los procesos de ese nivel y el 77% del total de los procesos, lo que permite que la organización oriente sus esfuerzos de mejoramiento

NTMC2T5: lipid transfer proteins at ER-chloroplast contact sites involved in plant stress.

Chloroplasts are the site of fatty acid synthesis in plants; however, these fatty acids are assembled into glycerolipids at the ER. Later on, some of these ER-assembled glycerolipids will be transferred back to the chloroplasts to be further modified and to form part of the chloroplastic membranes. Previous reports have shown that under some abiotic stresses, these plastid membranes suffer a large lipid remodelling and new precursors massively need to be transported from the ER to the chloroplast or vice versa. It has been suggested that the newly synthetized ER lipids are delivered to chloroplast via a non-vesicular pathway, likely through lipid transport proteins (LTP). These LTP would be localized in membrane contact sites (MCS). Some LTP at MCS contain particular domains, as the synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial lipid-binding (SMP) domain. We have studied the occurrence of SMP proteins in A. thaliana and S. lycopersicum. By using transient expression in N. benthamiana leaves and confocal microscopy, we have identified the NTMC2T5 family with two homologs in A. thaliana and only one in S. lycopersicum. They are anchored to the chloroplast outer membrane, and they interact in trans with the ER (ER-chloroplast MCS). We have observed that clustering of chloroplasts around the nucleus occurred when we overexpressed these proteins and Arabidopsis double knock-out mutant for these proteins showed less chloroplasts attached to nuclei at control conditions. And, we have investigated the NTMC2T5 protein domains involved in this clustering. Moreover, our analysis has demonstrated that Arabidopsis simple mutants show lower germination rates in media supplemented with NaCl and lower rates of expanded cotyledons in media supplemented with ABA. We have also performed biotinylation-based proximity labelling proteomics experiments in order to identify interactors of these proteins. Finally, we have performed lipidomic analysis to understand the role of these proteins.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

SYT6: a newly identified protein involved in ER - trans-Golgi network Membrane Contact Sites

Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.SYT6 is a newly identified lipid transport protein from ER - trans-Golgi network Membrane Contact Sites. Our results show that: • SYT6 contacts trans-Golgi network vesicles through its coiled-coil domain. • SYT6 can efectively respond to Ca2+ using its terminal C2C domain. • SYT6-C2 domains preferentially bind to negatively charged membranes (with PI4P and PS) in presence of Ca2+.This research has been funded by AEI (PID2021-127649OB-I00 and PGC-2018-098789-B-I00) and FEDER-Junta de Andalucía (UMA18-FEDERJA-154). The attendance to this meeting was supported by Plan Propio de Investigación, Transferencia y Divulgación Científica de la Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

NTMC2T5.1 is involved in chloroplast clustering around nucleus in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Plants have developed mechanisms to protect themselves from pathogens and resist their attacks. Among these, clustering of chloroplasts around the nuclear envelope is a phenomenon that has been proposed as a general response to the perception of pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria [1]. Additionally, it has been hypothesized that chloroplast clustering could serve as an efficient way of transferring signals —such as lipids and reactive oxygen species— between these two organelles in order to induce changes in the expression of pathogen defence-related genes. Synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial-lipid-binding (SMP) domain proteins are evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes and participate in the formation of membrane contact sites between organelles. In particular, their SMP domains allow the lipid transport between the membranes of different organelles [2]. Our group is focus on studying NTMC2T5 proteins, a group of SMP proteins, with two homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana. By transiently overexpressing AtNTMC2T5.1 and some truncated versions in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells, and using confocal microscopy, we have determined the subcellular localization of the encoded protein. This protein is anchored to the chloroplast outer envelope and interacts with the membranes of other organelles, like the ER and the nuclear envelope membrane [3]. Additionally, we have detected that overexpression of NTMC2T5 proteins causes a significant chloroplast clustering around nucleus, that it was not observed when overexpressing other proteins. Thus, we have estimated the contribution of its functional domains in the clustering. Our results suggest that the C-terminal hydrophobic region (HR) of AtNTMC2T5.1 is essential for this process. Moreover, our Arabidopsis ntmc2t5.1/t5.2 knock down plants showed slower growth when treated with flagelin22 and reduced chloroplast clustering when treated with H2O2.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Soil amelioration induced by nurse shrubs in coal mines reclaimed to pastures and their synergistic effects with grazing

Producción CientíficaNative shrubs facilitate the establishment of oak seedlings in the opencast coal mines rehabilitated to pastures in Northern Spain, under a Mediterranean sub-humid climate. We evaluate soil changes as one of the possible facilitative effects of nurse shrubs. We hypothesize that nurse shrubs on mining soils can improve edaphic properties directly and indirectly by reducing the negative effects of trampling and grazing by ungulates. Thus, we assessed the combined effects of nurse shrubs (plots with vs without shrubs) and grazing (plots with vs without a fence for preventing browsing and trampling) upon soil properties in a reclaimed coal mine. Chemical properties such as electrical conductivity, K+, cation exchange capacity, and C/N ratio reached higher values beneath shrubs’ canopies, so did total organic matter, total N, total organic C, total P, available P, and Mg2+ under shrubs but only with grazing. In contrast, pH was higher outside the shrubs; also Ca2+, though only in the absence of grazing. With grazing, Na+ decreased under shrubs. Among physical properties, bulk density increased and porosity decreased only in grazed plots, whereas sand content increased under shrubs in the grazed plots, and clay decreased in such locations. Water holding capacity and available water were the highest in ungrazed areas. Overall, we found that shrubs have a positive direct effect on soil fertility, especially relevant in grazed areas because nurse shrubs and grazing have synergistic effects, and a positive indirect effect on physical properties because they attenuate negative effects of grazing, particularly soil compaction, by reducing livestock and wild ungulates trampling. Therefore, these results demonstrate how nurse shrubs contribute to soil amelioration, helping to facilitate plant establishment in reclaimed mines, which has relevant restoration implications for pasture and forest recovery.Junta de Castilla y León (VA035G18)Universidad de Valladolid (CONVREC-2021–11) y (113–2019PREUVA27

Parámetros, correlaciones y tendencias genéticas de caracteres reproductivos en ganado Holstein de México

The objective was to calculate the parameters, correlations and describe the genetic trends of reproductive traits in Holstein cattle from Mexico in three different periods of time, in females born between 2006 and 2019, using records of the Mexican Holstein association. The reproductive parameters calculated were: calving to first insemination interval (CFI), number of services per conception (NSC), days open (DO), interval between calving (IBC), and age at first calving (AFC). The components of variance were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood in an animal model, to calculate genetic parameters (narrow-sense heritability (h2), repeatability (r) and genetic correlations) and phenotypic correlations. Additive genetic variances and genetic values were also estimated in three periods of time (P1: 2006-2009, P2: 2010-2013 and P3: 2014-2017). The calculated heritabilities were from 4 to 9 % and the repeatabilities from 8 to 9 %, values close to previous reports for fertility traits. Phenotypic correlations were positive for almost all reproductive parameters and genetic correlations were positive over a wide range (0.13-0.99). Analyses by period showed changes, possibly derived from the influence of the import and use of germplasm from foreign bulls (mainly from the United States of America and Canada) which implement genomic selection and include fertility traits. The present research has made it possible to update the information on reproductive and genetic parameters in fertility traits that can be incorporated into national genetic evaluations.El objetivo fue calcular los parámetros, correlaciones y describir las tendencias genéticas de caracteres reproductivos en ganado Holstein de México en tres periodos diferentes de tiempo, en hembras nacidas entre 2006 y 2019, usando registros de la asociación Holstein de México. Los parámetros reproductivos calculados fueron: intervalo parto a primer servicio (IPPS), el número de servicios por concepción (NSC), los días abiertos (DAB), el intervalo entre partos (IEP) y la edad al primer parto (EPP). Los componentes de la varianza fueron estimados utilizando máxima verosimilitud restringida en un modelo animal, para calcular parámetros genéticos (heredabilidad en sentido estricto (h2), repetibilidad (r) y correlaciones genéticas) y correlaciones fenotípicas. También se estimaron varianzas genéticas aditivas y valores genéticos en tres periodos de tiempo (P1: 2006-2009, P2: 2010-2013 y P3: 2014-2017). Las heredabilidades calculadas fueron de 4 a 9 % y las repetibilidades del 8 al 9 %, valores cercanos a reportes previos para características de fertilidad. Las correlaciones fenotípicas fueron positivas para casi todos los parámetros reproductivos y las genéticas fueron positivas en un rango amplio (0.13-0.99). Los análisis por periodos mostraron cambios, posiblemente derivados de la influencia de la importación y uso de germoplasma de toros extranjeros (principalmente de los Estados Unido de América y Canadá) que implementan selección genómica e incluyen características fertilidad. La presente investigación ha permitido actualizar la información de parámetros reproductivos y genéticos en caracteres de fertilidad que podrán ser incorporados a las evaluaciones genéticas nacionales

Celiac Immunogenic Potential of α-Gliadin Epitope Variants from Triticum and Aegilops Species

The high global demand of wheat and its subsequent consumption arise from the physicochemical properties of bread dough and its contribution to the protein intake in the human diet. Gluten is the main structural complex of wheat proteins and subjects affected by celiac disease (CD) cannot tolerate gluten protein. Within gluten proteins, α-gliadins constitute the most immunogenic fraction since they contain the main T-cell stimulating epitopes (DQ2.5-glia-α1, DQ2.5-glia-α2, and DQ2.5-glia-α3). In this work, the celiac immunotoxic potential of α-gliadins was studied within Triticeae: diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species. The abundance and immunostimulatory capacity of CD canonical epitopes and variants (with one or two mismatches) in all α-gliadin sequences were determined. The results showed that the canonical epitopes DQ2.5-glia-α1 and DQ2.5-glia-α3 were more frequent than DQ2.5-glia-α2. A higher abundance of canonical DQ2.5-glia-α1 epitope was found to be associated with genomes of the BBAADD, AA, and DD types; however, the abundance of DQ2.5-glia-α3 epitope variants was very high in BBAADD and BBAA wheat despite their low abundance in the canonical epitope. The most abundant substitution was that of proline to serine, which was disposed mainly on the three canonical DQ2.5 domains on position 8. Interestingly, our results demonstrated that the natural introduction of Q to H at any position eliminates the toxicity of the three T-cell epitopes in the α-gliadins. The results provided a rational approach for the introduction of natural amino acid substitutions to eliminate the toxicity of three T-cell epitopes, while maintaining the technological properties of commercial wheats