Quantitative Stability and Optimality Conditions in Convex Semi-Infinite and Infinite Programming

This paper concerns parameterized convex infinite (or semi-infinite) inequality systems whose decision variables run over general infinite-dimensional Banach (resp. finite-dimensional) spaces and that are indexed by an arbitrary fixed set T . Parameter perturbations on the right-hand side of the inequalities are measurable and bounded, and thus the natural parameter space is $l_{\infty}(T)$. Based on advanced variational analysis, we derive a precise formula for computing the exact Lipschitzian bound of the feasible solution map, which involves only the system data, and then show that this exact bound agrees with the coderivative norm of the aforementioned mapping. On one hand, in this way we extend to the convex setting the results of [4] developed in the linear framework under the boundedness assumption on the system coefficients. On the other hand, in the case when the decision space is reflexive, we succeed to remove this boundedness assumption in the general convex case, establishing therefore results new even for linear infinite and semi-infinite systems. The last part of the paper provides verifiable necessary optimality conditions for infinite and semi-infinite programs with convex inequality constraints and general nonsmooth and nonconvex objectives. In this way we extend the corresponding results of [5] obtained for programs with linear infinite inequality constraints

The Dark Side of the Self-Determination Theory and Its Influence on the Emotional and Cognitive Processes of Students in Physical Education

Amongst the main objectives of physical education (PE) classes is the consolidation of healthy lifestyle habits in young people and adolescents. Nonetheless, these classes can also provide the basis from which adverse experiences are generated which affect students’ perceptions of these classes. Previously conducted studies have focused on motivational processes and not on emotional processes, nor on the way in which students learn. The objective of the present study was to explore the dark side of the self-determination theory, its influence on emotional intelligence and the meta-cognitive strategies of students. Methodology: A total of 1602 young people undertaking secondary education participated, with self-reported ages between 13 and 19 years. The following questionnaires were utilized: Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale, Frustration of Psychological Needs in PE classes Scale, Emotional Intelligence in PE Scale and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. A structural equation model was developed which explained causal associations between the study variables. Results: Psychological control positively predicted each one of the sub-factors of frustration of psychological needs. Frustration of psychological needs negatively predicted emotional intelligence. Finally, emotional intelligence positively predicted meta-cognitive thinking. Conclusions: The influence and importance of the teaching style adopted by teachers is indicated, in addition to the effect of students’ psychological experiences on emotions and learning strategie

Types of Inheritance and Genes Associated with Familial Meniere Disease

Meniere disease (MD) is a rare disorder of the inner ear defined by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with episodes of vertigo and tinnitus. The phenotype is variable, and it may be associated with other comorbidities such as migraine, respiratory allergies, and several autoimmune disorders. The condition has a significant heritability according to epidemiological and familial segregation studies. Familial MD is found in 10% of cases, the most frequently found genes being OTOG, MYO7A, and TECTA , previously associated with autosomal dominant and recessive non-syndromic SNHL. These findings suggest a new hypothesis where proteins involved in the extracellular structures in the apical surface of sensory epithelia (otolithic and tectorial membranes) and proteins in the stereocilia links would be key elements in the pathophysiology of MD. The ionic homeostasis of the otolithic and tectorial membranes could be critical to suppress the innate motility of individual hair cell bundles. Initially, focal detachment of these extracellular membranes may cause random depolarization of hair cells and will explain changes in tinnitus loudness or trigger vertigo attacks in early stages of MD. With the progression of the disease, a larger detachment will lead to an otolithic membrane herniation into the horizontal semicircular canal with dissociation in caloric and head impulse responses. Familial MD shows different types of inheritance, including autosomal dominant and compound recessive patterns and implementation of genetic testing will improve our understanding of the genetic structure of MD.CAUL and its Member InstitutionsAndalusian University, Research and Innovation Department (Grant# PREDOC2021/00343)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant# PI20-1126)CIBERER (Grant# PIT21_GCV21),Andalusian University, Research and Innovation Department (PY20-00303, EPIMEN),Andalusian Health Department (Grant# PI027-2020), Asociacion Sindrome de Meniere España (ASMESMeniere’s Society, UK

Lipschitz modulus of linear and convex inequality systems with the Hausdorff metric

This paper analyzes the Lipschitz behavior of the feasible set mapping associated with linear and convex inequality systems in Rn. To start with, we deal with the parameter space of linear (finite/semi-infinite) systems identified with the corresponding sets of coefficient vectors, which are assumed to be closed subsets of Rn+1. In this framework the size of perturbations is measured by means of the (extended) Hausdorff distance. A direct antecedent, extensively studied in the literature, comes from considering the parameter space of all linear systems with a fixed index set, T, where the Chebyshev (extended) distance is used to measure perturbations. In the present work we propose an appropriate indexation strategy which allows us to establish the equality of the Lipschitz moduli of the feasible set mappings in both parametric contexts, as well as to benefit from existing results in the Chebyshev setting for transferring them to the Hausdorff one. In a second stage, the possibility of perturbing directly the set of coefficient vectors of a linear system leads to new contributions on the Lipschitz behavior of convex systems via linearization techniques. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature and Mathematical Optimization Society. Correction: The article “Lipschitz modulus of linear and convex inequality systems with the Hausdorff metric”, written by Beer,G., Cánovas, M.J., López, M.A., Parra, J.was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 189, issue 1–2, page 75–98 the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an Open Access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to © The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-021-01751-

Antagonistic effect of Trichoderma harzianum VSL291 on phytopathogenic fungi isolated from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) fruits

In this study we evaluated the antagonism in vitro of Trichoderma harzianum strain VSL291 against 18 pathogens of cocoa fruits in dual culture. T. harzianum VSL291 inhibited the growth of the phytopathogenic fungi tested between 10.54 and 85.43%. The mycoparasitism of Moniliophthora roreri by T. harzianum VSL291 was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. T. harzianum VSL291 hyphae grew in parallel with the hyphae of M. roreri and in some places these were united with the hyphae of the cocoa pathogen through small structures like apresorious that tangled in the pathogenic fungus preventing its growth. T. harzianum VSL291 produced lytic enzymes: β-1,3-glucanases, chitinases, proteases, xylanases and lipases, when grown in minimal medium, with fungal cell walls as the sole carbon source. The highest proteolytic activities detected in T. harzianum VSL291 broth with M. roreri, Penicillium expansum and Byssochlamys spectabilis cell walls appear to be associated with increased activities of β-1,3 glucanases, chitinases, lipases, proteases and xylanases and biocontrol index derived from the experiments of confrontation. These results suggest that proteolytic enzymes according to their degree of induction could participate in the antagonistic effect of T. harzianum VSL291 against the fungi tested.Key words: Antagonism, Trichoderma harzianum, mycoparasitism, phytopathogenic fung

El cuento como entorno de crecimiento sociopersonal en la intervención psicopedagógica con población adolescente infractora

Este estudio pretende valorar la utilidad del escenario relacional introspectivo y de aprendizaje vinculado al espacio de cuentacuentos, analizando su naturaleza simbólica y emocional desde la perspectiva de la población adolescente infractora participante. La población educanda, bajo medida judicial de privación de libertad, ha participado en el proceso a través de los cuentos y de la evocación que éstos les provocaban, de tal forma que, mediante textos producidos oralmente y por escrito, han acotado un sistema categorial inductivo conformado por once variables diferenciadas. Éstas siguen un itinerario de afrontamiento, de aprendizaje y, en su caso, de apropiación y autonomía. La investigación se ha desarrollado con metodología cualitativa, haciendo uso del método de la grounded theory para el análisis de los datos. Se ha garantizado la triangulación intertécnicas (cuestionario sociodemográfico, entrevistas y focus-group) e intersujetos participantes

Percepción de la demanda y necesidades de formación en salud mental de los médicos de atención primaria

ResumenObjetivoConocer la opinión de los médicos de atención primaria (AP) sobre la demanda asistencial en salud mental (SM), sus necesidades de formación y sus actitudes ante dichos trastornos.DiseñoEstudio observacional transversal.EmplazamientoAtención primaria.ParticipantesLos sujetos de estudio fueron médicos de AP. De un total de 1.191 médicos de AP en Castilla-La Mancha se seleccionó a 301 mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado.Mediciones principalesSe elaboró un cuestionario autorrellenable y se indentificaron las siguientes variables: características profesionales y sociodemográficas, demanda percibida de problemas de SM y dificultades percibidas en su resolución, formación en SM, conocimientos sobre recursos especializados y actitudes hacia dichos trastornos.ResultadosLa mayoría (63,5%, intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 57,6-69,4) consideró que los problemas mentales están relacionados con, al menos, el 20% de las consultas. Los problemas señalados como motivos de consulta muy frecuentes fueron: trastornos de ansiedad (75,9%), del estado de ánimo (73,5%) y somatomorfos (40,5%). La proporción que consideró suficiente el nivel de información sobre recursos especializados ascendió hasta el 63,6% (IC del 95%, 57,8-69,6). En cuanto a las actitudes, el 43,7% (IC del 95%, 37,7-49,8) opinó que los equipos de AP no pueden hacerse cargo de la demanda existente. Dicha opinión fue significativamente más frecuente en los médicos con más pacientes asignados, mayor presión asistencial, sin formación MIR, con menor demanda percibida, sin formación en SM y peor conocimiento de los recursos especializados.ConclusionesEn opinión de la mayoría de los médicos, los problemas mentales están relacionados con, al menos, una de cada 5 consultas. Una elevada proporción considera que los equipos de AP no pueden hacerse cargo de la demanda existente, sobre todo cuando la presión asistencia les elevada. La mayoría opina que debería haber mayor formación específica en SM y mayor coordinación con los servicios especializados.AbstractObjectiveTo know the opinion of the primary health care (PHC) physicians on the assistance demand in mental health (MH), their training necessities and their attitudes about this disorders.DesignObservational and transversal study.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsThe subjects of the study were PHC physicians. From a total of 1191 PHC physicians in Castilla-La Mancha region, 301 were selected by random stratified sampling.Main measurementsA self-complimented questionnaire was elaborated, being identified the following variables: professional and sociodemographics characteristics, their perceived demands of MH problems, perceived difficulties in resolution, training in MH, knowledge about specialized resources and their attitudes about mental disorders.Results63.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57.6-69.4) considered that the mental problems are related with, at least, 20% of the consultations. Very frequent consulted problems were: anxiety disorders (75.9%), affective disorders (73.5%), and somatoform disorders (40.5%). 63.6% (95% CI; 57.8-69.6) considered to have enough information about specialized resources. About attitudes, 43.7% (95% CI; 37.7-49.8) said the PHC physicians cannot be taken charge of the existent demand. This opinion as significantly more frequents in physicians with more patient assigned, more assistance pressure, without postgraduate assistance formation (Spanish MIR system), with less perceived demand, without training in MH and worse knowledge of the specialized resources.ConclusionsIn opinion of most of the physicians the mental disorders are related with, at least, 1 of each 5 consultations. A high proportion considers that the teams of PHC cannot be taken charge of the existent demand, mainly when it is high the assistance pressure.Most says that more specific training should exist in MH and more coordination with the specialized services

Late vacuum choice and slow roll approximation in gravitational particle production during reheating

In the transition between inflation and reheating, the curvature scalar typically undergoes oscillations which have significant impact on the density of gravitationally produced particles. The commonly used adiabatic vacuum prescription for the extraction of produced particle spectra becomes a non-reliable definition of vacuum in the regimes for which this oscillatory behavior is important. In this work, we study particle production for a scalar field non-minimally coupled to gravity, taking into account the complete dynamics of spacetime during inflation and reheating. We derive an approximation for the solution to the mode equation during the slow-roll of the inflaton and analyze the importance of Ricci scalar oscillations in the resulting spectra. Additionally, we propose a prescription for the vacuum that allows to safely extrapolate the result to the present, given that the test field interacts only gravitationally. Lastly, we calculate the abundance of dark matter this mechanism yields and compare it to observations.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figure

Estudio de la biocompatibilidad in vitro de formulaciones acrílicas autocurables portadoras de bisfosfonatos de nueva síntesis

En este trabajo se presenta el estudio de la biocompatibilidad in vitro, empleando cultivos celulares de fibroblastos embrionarios humanos, de tres sistemas acrílicos de liberación controlada de bisfosfonatos (BFs). Estos sistemas, basados en metacrilato de metilo (MMA), metacrilato de vitamina E (MVE) y trietilenglicol dimetacrilato (TEGDMA), han sido diseñados para su aplicación en el tratamiento de enfermedades caracterizadas por una elevada resorción osteoclástica. En su preparación se ha empleado un BP comercializado (alendronato; ALN) y dos de nueva síntesis, pertenecientes a la segunda y tercera generaciones, el ácido 1-hidroxi-2-[4-aminofenil]etano-1,1-difosfónico (APBP) y el ácido 1-hidroxi-2-[3-indolil]etano-1,1-difosfónico (IBP), respectivamente. La citotoxicidad de MVE ha sido notablemente inferior a la medida para TEGDMA. La citotoxicidad de APBP e IBP se ha comparado con la de ALN, obteniéndose unos valores para la concentración IC50, de15,56, 9,86 y 6,25 mmol/l para APBP, ALN e IBP, respectivamente. Los niveles de citotoxicidad liberada han sido superiores para la formulación portadora de ALN, situándose a continuación los cementos cargados con IBP y APBP. Cuando los cultivos se han establecido sobre la superficie de las formulaciones, se han detectado unos niveles de proliferación celular y adhesión superiores para los sistemas de liberación de IBP y APBP, siendo además inferior en estos casos la mortalidad celular.This paper reports the in vitro biocompatibility study, using human embryonic fibroblast cultures, of three acrylic systems for controlled release of bisphosphonates (BFs). These systems, that are based on methyl methacrylate (MMA), vitamin E methacrylate (MVE) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), have been designed for its application in the treatment of pathologies characterized by a high osteoclastic resorption. A commercial BP (alendronate; ALN) and two novel BPs, belonging to the second and third generations, 1-hydroxy-2-[4-aminophenyl]ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (APBP) and 1-hydroxy-2-[3-indolyl]ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (IBP), respectively, have been used in their preparation. The cytotoxicity of MVE has been notably lower than that measured for TEGDMA. Cytotoxicity of APBP and IBP was evaluated along with that of ALN, and the following values of the IC50, concentration were obtained for APBP, ALN and IBP respectively: 15.56, 9.86 and 6.25 mmol/l. The cytotoxicity levels obtained from the extracts of the cured systems were higher for the formulation containing ALN, followed by the cements loaded with IBP and APBP. When the cultures were seeded directly on the formulations surface, higher levels of cellular proliferation and adhesion were obtained for the systems containing IBP and APBP, the cellular mortality being also inferior in these cases

Effectiveness of a program of physical activity in people with serious mental disorder

En el presente estudio se analiza el impacto que ha tenido un Programa de actividad física y deporte en un grupo de 28 personas con Trastorno Mental Grave (TMG). Se realizó una evaluación antes del comienzo del Programa y otra a los cuatro meses, tomando medidas antropométricas, de capacidad física funcional, equilibrio y coordinación, así como del funcionamiento social y las actividades de la vida cotidiana. Los resultados mostraron mejorías estadísticamente significativas en aquellas personas que asistieron a más del 50% de las sesiones en todas las variables antropométricas, y de condición física funcional y cualidades motrices, así como en la Escala de Funcionamiento Personal y Social (PSP).Por otro lado, la asistencia al programa fue alta, manteniéndose en el mismo el 80% de las personas que lo iniciaron. Se discute la relevancia de los resultados y la necesidad de implantar este tipo de intervenciones en el TMGIn this paper the effectiveness of a physical activity and sport program is analyzed in a group of 28 people with Severe Mental Illness (SMI). An assessment was made before the start of the program and again after four months, measuring anthropometric variables, physical functional ability, balance and coordination, and social functioning and activities of daily life. The results showed statistically significant improvements in those who attended more than 50% of the sessions in all anthropometric variables, and functional fitness and motor skills, as well as the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). Moreover, assistance to the program was high, keeping the same 80% of people who started it. The relevance of the results and the need to implement such interventions in the SMI is discusse