El aprendizaje basado en proyectos para la asignatura de "Sistemas de Cogeneración" como modelo flexible de integración de competencias transversales

[SPA]Los actuales alumnos de las diversas carreras de Ingeniería están inmersos en una serie de cambios en los estudios que deben afrontar con solvencia, eficacia, seguridad y garantía para incorporarse a la sociedad del siglo XXI. Por ello, se hace necesario formar a los futuros profesionales, no sólo en las competencias técnicas, sino también familiarizarlos con una forma de trabajo propia de los tiempos que nos toca vivir. Es muy difícil pensar en una empresa cualquiera en la que no exista una organización del trabajo segmentada: departamentos, secciones, áreas, etc. En tales casos, el éxito vendrá dado tanto por la eficiencia de cada una de las partes como por la eficiencia del conjunto como un todo. El aprendizaje basado en proyectos para la asignatura de "Sistemas de Cogeneración" como modelo flexible de integración de competencias transversales es una aportación como modelo para mostrar a los profesores de otras asignaturas similares una alternativa flexible que permita integrar diferentes y variadas competencias genéricas, según sea el caso, sin realizar cambios drásticos en la programación. [ENG]Nowadays, engineering students face a number of changes in their degrees which they must confront with determination, efficiency and self-assurance in order to join the society of the XXI century. Therefore, it is necessary to train future professionals not only in technical skills but also in a working methodology in keeping with the times we live in. It is very difficult to think of any company in which there is no segmented job organization: departments, sections, units, etc. In such cases, success will be as much the result of the efficiency of each of the parties as of the efficiency of the team as a whole. The project-based learning implemented for the "Cogeneration Systems" course as a flexible approach to integrating generic skills is aimed at providing professors of similar subjects with a flexible alternative allowing them to integrate different generic skills, as appropriate, without making drastic changes to the plan.Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Universidad de Murcia, Región de Murci

Numerical tool for the inverse estimation of the heat capacity temperature-dependent using Pspice

Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Malta, 16-18 July, 2012.In this paper a variant of the Sequential Function Specification Method has been used together with Network Simulation Method as the numerical method to solve an inverse problem associated with the determination of the heat capacity. It has been developed a software application for estimation the temperature dependence of heat capacity using the Qt platform and programming language Visual C++. A set of temperatures measured at different points of the medium (obtained by means the numerical solution of the direct problem) and a random error affected by a normal distribution are used for evaluation of the classical functional that compares these temperatures with the temperatures obtained numerically at each step , and so an iterative least-squares approach function is obtained (heat capacity) by straight sections (piecewise function). No prior information is used for the functional forms of the unknown specific heat, because this problem is considered a function estimation problem. A special device that generates a piecewise temperature-dependent function is required in conjunction with a programming routine. The Network Simulation Method is the numerical method used, with a design of the network model easy and has very few electric devices. The software developed is used to run the network so that no mathematical manipulations are required. The effect of different parameters over the numerical solution has been studied. The results confirm that it is possible to estimate the heat capacity (or specific heat when the density is known) using experimental temperature history and a procedure inverse based in an iterative process.dc201

La inactividad físico-deportiva de los habitantes de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.

La evidencia científica muestra que numerosas enfermedades son más comunes en personas que tienen poca o nula actividad en comparación con aquellas que son regularmente activos (Borodulin, Laatikainen, Juolevi y Jousilahti, 2008; Curi, Gomes, Kingdon y Costa, 2003; Florindo et al., 2009; García-Ferrando, 2001; Martínez- González et al., 2001; Porras-Sánchez, 2009; Ruiz- Juan, De la Cruz y Piéron, 2009; Ruiz-Juan y García- Montes, 2005; United States Departament of Health and Human Services [usdhhs], 1996; Varo et al., 2003; Vuori, 2004). En este sentido, si la inactividad física se muestra como un riesgo de mortalidad independiente, los esfuerzos para incrementar y mantener la actividad física podrían significar beneficios saludables en un corto lapso (Martinson, O’Connor y Pronk, 2001). El sedentarismo se refiere al nivel de actividad física que está por debajo del umbral para originar efectos saludables (Booth, Chakravarthy, Gordon y Spangenburg, 2002). Algunos estudios han demostrado que el estilo de vida sedentario permite la aparición de enfermedades cardíacas, algunos tipos de cáncer, diabetes tipo II, infarto de miocardio y ciertos desórdenes músculo-esqueléticos (García Pérez, García Roche, Pérez Jiménez y Bonet Gorbea, 2007; Martinson et al., 2001). La incidencia o prevalencia de estas enfermeda des constituye un grave problema de salud pública, y se ha comprobado que una proporción considerable de la mortalidad ocasionada por las enfermedades crónicas no-transmisibles más frecuentes puede atribuirse a los efectos del sedentarismo (Lobelo, Pate, Parra, Duperly y Pratt, 2006; usdhhs, 1996)

Mutations in TRIM63 cause an autosomal-recessive form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Objective: Up to 50% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) show no disease-causing variants in genetic studies. TRIM63 has been suggested as a candidate gene for the development of cardiomyopathies, although evidence for a causative role in HCM is limited. We sought to investigate the relationship between rare variants in TRIM63 and the development of HCM. Methods: TRIM63 was sequenced by next generation sequencing in 4867 index cases with a clinical diagnosis of HCM and in 3628 probands with other cardiomyopathies. Additionally, 3136 index cases with familial cardiovascular diseases other than cardiomyopathy (mainly channelopathies and aortic diseases) were used as controls. Results: Sixteen index cases with rare homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in TRIM63 (15 HCM and one restrictive cardiomyopathy) were included. No homozygous or compound heterozygous were identified in the control population. Familial evaluation showed that only homozygous and compound heterozygous had signs of disease, whereas all heterozygous family members were healthy. The mean age at diagnosis was 35 years (range 15-69). Fifty per cent of patients had concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and 45% were asymptomatic at the moment of the first examination. Significant degrees of late gadolinium enhancement were detected in 80% of affected individuals, and 20% of patients had left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Fifty per cent had non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Twenty per cent of patients suffered an adverse cerebrovascular event (20%). Conclusion: TRIM63 appears to be an uncommon cause of HCM inherited in an autosomal-recessive manner and associated with concentric LVH and a high rate of LV dysfunction

Epigenetic clocks in relapse after a first episode of schizophrenia

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the association between several epigenetic clocks, covering different aspects of aging, with schizophrenia relapse evaluated over a 3-year follow-up period in a cohort of ninety-one first-episode schizophrenia patients. Genome-wide DNA methylation was profiled and four epigenetic clocks, including epigenetic clocks of chronological age, mortality and telomere length were calculated. Patients that relapsed during the follow-up showed epigenetic acceleration of the telomere length clock (p = 0.030). Shorter telomere length was associated with cognitive performance (working memory, r = 0.31 p = 0.015; verbal fluency, r = 0.28 p = 0.028), but no direct effect of cognitive function or symptom severity on relapse was detected. The results of the present study suggest that epigenetic age acceleration could be involved in the clinical course of schizophrenia and could be a useful marker of relapse when measured in remission stages

Estudio del duelo migratorio en pacientes inmigrantes que acuden a las consultas de atención primaria. Presentación de un cuestionario de valoración del duelo migratorio

Objetivos: Validar un cuestionario que permita conocer la existencia de duelo migratorio (DM) y sus dimensiones en la población inmigrante, y estudiar la relación del mismo con determinadas variables sociodemográficas (VSD). Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, multicéntrico. Emplazamiento: Consultas de atención primaria (AP). Pacientes: 290 pacientes inmigrantes (PI) de AP, excluyendo los < 18 años. Se produjeron 12 negativas por falta de tiempo, falta de entendimiento y ausencia de traductor. Mediciones principales: Se usa el cuestionario sobre DM con 17 preguntas, realizándose su análisis factorial, con extracción final de 4 factores que explican el 52,1% de la varianza global. Se recogen VSD: género, edad, estado civil, nacionalidad, red social, tiempo en España, situación legal y laboral y dificultades de comunicación. Se realiza análisis multivariante de las variables construidas con las VSD. Resultados: Se han encontrado 4 factores (miedo, nostalgia, preocupación y pérdida de identidad [PdI]) comprobándose que ninguna comunalidad era < 0,30 considerándose que los 4 factores representan el conjunto de variables del cuestionario del DM. Analizando las correlaciones entre factores se apreció que la preocupación se relaciona con el miedo y la nostalgia, siendo ésta independiente del miedo. La PdI tiene una correlación baja con los otros factores. El alfa de Cronbach muestra una consistencia buena en los factores 1, 2 y 3. Algunas VSD se relacionan con la presencia de cada factor. Conclusiones: Se presenta un instrumento validado para estudiar y caracterizar el DM, adecuado para estudiar las distintas dimensiones del duelo en la población inmigrante.Objectives: To validate a questionnaire designed to show the existence of migratory grief (MG) and its dimensions in the immigrant population, and to study its relationship with certain sociodemographic variables. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study. Emplacement: Consultations in Primary Health Care. Patients: The study included 290 Primary Health Care immigrant patients over 18-years old. There were 12 rejections due to, lack of time, absence of a translator, and lack of understanding. Principal measurements: An MG questionnaire with 17 questions was employed, carrying out a factor analysis with final extraction of 4 factors explaining 52.1% of overall variance. Sociodemographic variables were collected: gender, age, marital status, nationality, social network, time in Spain, legal and work situation and communication difficulties. Multivariate analysis was performed using the sociodemographic variables. Results: Four factors were found (fear, homesickness, concern and loss of identity), showing that non-communality was < 0.30 and considering that the 4 factors represent the group of variables from the questionnaire. After analysing the correlations between the different factors, it was observed that concern is related to fear and homesickness, this latter being independent from fear. The loss of identity had a low correlation with other factors. Cronbach's alpha showed good consistency in factors 1, 2 and 3. Some sociodemographic variables are associated with the presence of each factor. Conclusions: We present a validated instrument to study and characterise MG, adapted to study the different dimensions of the grief in immigrant population