Substantivity of mouth‑rinse formulations containing cetylpyridinium chloride and O‑cymen‑5‑ol: a randomized‑crossover trial

Background: The efficacy of mouth-rinses strongly depends upon their substantivity. The use of natural and nontoxic products that avoid secondary effects is gaining interest in preventive dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the substantivity of two formulations of mouth-washing solutions based on cetylpyridinium (CPC) and O-cymen-5-ol. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial conducted at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Barcelona. Bacterial re-colonization was followed by live/dead (SYTOTM9 + propidium iodide) bacterial staining and measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorometry. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 16 healthy individuals at baseline saliva and then, at 15 min, 30 min and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after the following mouth-rinses: (i) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of placebo (negative control); (ii) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of CPC (0.05%) ; (iii) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of O-cymen-5-ol (0.09%); (iv) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of CPC (0.05%) + O-cymen-5-ol (0.09%). Results: Proportion of dead bacteria was significantly higher for all mouthrinses during the first 15 min compared to baseline (CPC = 48.0 ± 13.9; 95% CI 40.98-56.99; p < 0.001, O-cymen-5-ol = 79.8 ± 21.0; 95% CI 67.71-91.90; p < 0.05, CPC + O-cymen-5-ol = 49.4 ± 14; 95% CI 40.98-56.99; p < 0.001 by fluorometry and 54.8 ± 23.0; 95% CI 41.50-68.06; p < 0.001, 76.3 ± 17.1; 95% CI 66.36-86.14; p < 0.001, 47.4 ± 11.9; 95% CI 40.49-54.30; p < 0.001 by confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively). Nevertheless, after 4 h, CPC + O-cymen-5-ol was the only one that obtained significant values as measured by the two quantification methods used (80.3 ± 22.8; 95% CI 67.15-93.50; p < 0.05 and 81.4 ± 13.8; 95% CI 73.45-89.43; p < 0.05). The combined use of CPC + O-cymen-5-ol increased the substantivity of the mouthrinse with respect to mouthrinses prepared with either of the two active products alone. Conclusion: The synergistic interaction of CPC and O-cymen-5-ol prolongs their substantivity. The resulting formulation may be as effective as other antimicrobials, such as triclosan or chlorhexidine, but without their undesirable secondary effects. Thus, mouthrinsing products based on Combinations of CPC and O-cymen-5-ol may replace in the near future Triclosan and Chlorhexidine¿based mouthrinses

Teachers and reflexive strategies essential to the change in the teaching-learning process.

[ES] La Escola Superior d’Infermeria del Mar (ESIM), desde el curso académico 2002‐2003, diseñó como núcleo del curriculum las asignaturas “Practicum” para facilitar la adquisición de competencias enfermeras desde entornos clínicos. El cambio de paradigma en el proceso de enseñanza‐aprendizaje está anclado en dos pilares básicos: el cambio de rol de los agentes docentes y la introducción de estrategias pedagógicas desarrolladas en entornos clínicos para facilitar la inferencia y la transferencia entre teoría y práctica. Una de las asignaturas diseñadas es el Practicum de Cuidados Especiales (PCE) que, entre otros, se desarrolla en el ámbito de la Salud Mental. En el presente artículo se presentan las funciones de los docentes implicados, las estrategias pedagógicas utilizadas y los resultados más relevantes de estos nueve años de experiencia en el PCE. Los agentes docentes constituyen un binomio formado por enfermera de referencia y equipo académico (profesora responsable de la asignatura y profesora tutora). La confianza y dinamismo entre ellos es fundamental. Entre las estrategias pedagógicas que se llevan a cabo, los estudiantes valoran muy positivamente los seminarios basados en el estudio de casos reales. Situaciones en las que el estudiante está participando de forma directa en su unidad asistencial. El uso de estrategias reflexivas en el proceso de enseñanza‐aprendizaje supone un enriquecimiento a nivel personal y profesional tanto para el estudiante como para el docente. Además este aprendizaje va a influir en las futuras intervenciones terapéuticas sea cual sea su ámbito enfermero de actuación.[EN] In the 2002‐03 academic year, L’Escola Superior d’Infermeria del Mar (Nursing University School) implemented "Practicum," a core curriculum designed to facilitate the acquisition of nursing skills from clinical settings. The paradigm shift in the teaching‐learning process is based on two fundamental pillars: the changing role of educators and the introduction of teaching strategies developed in clinical settings, facilitating the connection between theory and practice. One of the programs introduced is the Special Care Practicum (PCE) in the field of Mental Health. This paper presents the roles of teachers involved, the didactic strategies used, and the most relevant results from the past nine years of experience in the PCE. The educators are comprised of both clinically practicing nurses and an academic staff (responsible for teaching the core subjects and tutoring). The confidence and dynamics between the two groups is essential. Among the various teaching strategies implemented, students value the workshops based on real case studies from the healthcare unit where they are directly participating. The use of reflexive strategies in the teaching‐learning process creates an enriching experience for both student and teacher on personal and professional levels. Furthermore, this learning process influences future therapeutic interventions regardless of each nurse’s settings.López Rodrigo, M.; Cardó Vila, G.; Moreno Poyato, AR. (2011). Los docentes y las estrategias reflexivas imprescindibles para el cambio en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria. 9(2):147-162. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2011.6165OJS14716292Domingo, A. (2009). ¿Què és la pràctica reflexiva? Edu21, 22. Consultado el [14/05/2011] en http://www.edu21.cat/ca/continguts/284García, A.J. y Troyano, Y. (2009). El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior y la figura del profesor tutor en la universidad. Red‐U. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, 3. Consultado el [08/07/2011] en http://www.um.es/ead/Red_U/3Koskinen L, Mikokonen I, Jokinen. Learning from de world of mental health care: nursing students' narratives. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2 MAR 2011 [Publicación electrónica antes de imprimir]Medina, J.L. (2005). Deseo de cuidar y voluntad de poder: La enseñanza de la Enfermería. Barcelona: Publicacions i Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona.Ortega, O., Vives, T., Mestres y López, M. (2001). Funcions bàsiques de les persones implicades en el procés d'ensenyament‐aprenentatge de les assignatures "pràcticum" en la Dipolmatura d'Infermeria. Escola Superior d'Infermeria del Mar. Revisado en septiembre de 2006. [Documento interno e inédito].Ortega Solsona, O; Vives Abril, T; Mestres Camps, L; López Rodrigo, M. El Pràcticum en la Diplomatura d'Infermeria. Document marc pel desenvolupament de les assignatures "pràcticum" en la Diplomatura d'Infermeria. Escola Superior d'Infermeria del Mar. Desembre 2001; revisat: setembre 2006. [Documento interno e inédito].Ortega Solsona, O; Vives Abril, T; López Rodrigo, M. Comissió de Pràcticum. Document marc pel seguiment del Pràcticum en la Diplomatura d'Infermeria. Escola Superior d'Infermeria del Mar. Desembre 2001; revisat: setembre 2006. [Documento interno e inédito].Soveral, M. (2002). El diario del alumno. Rol de Enfermería. 25(9), 588‐590.Stenhouse, L. (2003). Investigación y desarrollo del currículum. Madrid: Morta S.L.Zabalza, M.A. (2007). Competencias docentes del profesorado universitario. Calidad y desarrollo profesional. Madrid: Narcea S.A

Estudio retrospectivo de 27 casos de gingivoestomatitis crónica felina

La gingivoestomatitis crónica felina (GECF) es una enfermedad multifactorial de causa desconocida, tratamiento complejo y pronóstico reservado. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar retrospectivamente 27 casos de GECF diagnosticados y tratados. El seguimiento de los pacientes fue entre 2 y 84 meses posteriores al tratamiento utilizado, desde febrero de 2003 a abril de 2010. La edad media de presentación fue de 9,4 años y no se encontró predisposición de raza o sexo. El diagnóstico se basó en el tipo y localización de las de lesiones. Todos los gatos presentaban estomatitis caudal ulcerativa y/o proliferativa. 20 gatos fueron tratados con exodoncia parcial (EP) o total (ET), ya como tratamiento inicial o tras un periodo de tiempo variable con tratamiento médico. El 75% de los gatos tratados mediante exodoncias presentaron una remisión total de los signos clínicos. Ninguno de los 7 gatos tratados sin exodoncias tuvo una remisión total de la enfermedad. En este estudio retrospectivo la exodoncia fue la mejor opción terapéutica

Estudio retrospectivo de 25 casos de Gingivo-Estomatitis Felina (GEF)

Evaluación retrospectiva de los casos de GEF visitados en nuestro centro durante los años 2005-2008

The GRADE approach for assessing new technologies as applied to apheresis devices in ulcerative colitis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the last few years, a new non-pharmacological treatment, termed apheresis, has been developed to lessen the burden of ulcerative colitis (UC). Several methods can be used to establish treatment recommendations, but over the last decade an informal collaboration group of guideline developers, methodologists, and clinicians has developed a more sensible and transparent approach known as the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). GRADE has mainly been used in clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews. The aim of the present study is to describe the use of this approach in the development of recommendations for a new health technology, and to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats found when doing so.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic review of the use of apheresis for UC treatment was performed in June 2004 and updated in May 2008. Two related clinical questions were selected, the outcomes of interest defined, and the quality of the evidence assessed. Finally, the overall quality of each question was taken into account to formulate recommendations following the GRADE approach. To evaluate this experience, a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis was performed to enable a comparison with our previous experience with the SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Application of the GRADE approach allowed recommendations to be formulated and the method to be clarified and made more explicit and transparent. Two weak recommendations were proposed to answer to the formulated questions. Some challenges, such as the limited number of studies found for the new technology and the difficulties encountered when searching for the results for the selected outcomes, none of which are specific to GRADE, were identified. GRADE was considered to be a more time-consuming method, although it has the advantage of taking into account patient values when defining and grading the relevant outcomes, thereby avoiding any influence from literature precedents, which could be considered to be a strength of this method.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The GRADE approach could be appropriate for making the recommendation development process for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) reports more explicit, especially with regard to new technologies.</p

Caracterización del secretoma asociado a metástasis de cáncer colorrectal mediante SILAC utilizando el sistema celular KM12

Comunicaciones a congreso

Impacto de una campaña de mejora de la higiene de manos sobre el consumo de soluciones hidroalcohólicas en un hospital de tercer nivel

ResumenObjetivoValorar la influencia sobre el consumo de preparados de base alcohólica de una campaña de mejora de la higiene de manos, y más concretamente del desarrollo de talleres prácticos sobre higienización de manos en un hospital de tercer nivel del Servicio Cántabro de Salud.MétodosSe realizó un estudio ecológico con datos de enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2008. La variable dependiente fue el consumo de preparados de base alcohólica (ml/día). Como variable independiente se utilizó la campaña de mejora de la higiene de manos desarrollada en el Servicio Cántabro de Salud. Para valorar la relación del consumo con la campaña se utilizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple.Resultados y conclusionesDestaca la asociación entre la formación recibida sobre higiene de manos en las unidades de hospitalización y el consumo de preparados de base alcohólica, que mejora al consolidarse la campaña (año 2008) y demuestra un efecto positivo de ésta, en especial de sus aspectos formativos.AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of a hand hygiene program on consumption of alcoholic hand rub, and specifically the impact of the development of hand washing training in a tertiary hospital belonging to the Cantabrian Health Service in Spain.MethodsWe performed an ecological study from January 2005 to December 2008. The dependent variable was consumption of alcoholic hand rub (ml/day). As the independent variable, we used the hand hygiene campaign developed by the Cantabrian Health Service. The relationship between alcoholic hand rub consumption and the campaign was evaluated using multiple linear regression.Results and conclusionsThe training received in hand hygiene in hospital wards was associated with consumption of alcoholic hand rub, which improved as the campaign became consolidated (in 2008) and showed a positive effect, particularly its training aspects

Ocular penetration of fluorometholone-loaded PEG-PLGA nanoparticles functionalized with cell-penetrating peptides

Aim: Development of fluorometholone-loaded PEG-PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with cellpenetrating peptides for the treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders. Materials & methods: Synthesized polymers and peptides were used for elaboration of functionalized NPs, which were characterized physicochemically. Cytotoxicity and ability to modulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated in vitro using human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-2). NP uptake was assayed in both in vitro and in vivo models. Results: NPs showed physicochemical characteristics suitable for ocular administration without evidence of cytotoxicity. TAT-NPs and G2-NPs were internalized and displayed anti-inflammatory activity in both HCE-2 cells and mouse eye. Conclusion: TAT-NPs and G2-NPs could be considered a novel strategy for the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases of the anterior and posterior segment

On the applicability of ray-tracing propagation models to V2V-intersection environments

In this work, we analyze the applicability of a geometric-based stochastic (GBS) model based on ray-tracing techniques to vehicular-to-vehicular (V2V) intersections. The accuracy and usefulness of the proposed model is analyzed using simulated results and narrowband channel measurements at 5.9 GHz. The results show that these type of models can be a good choice to evaluate communications protocols and system performance of future vehicular networks

El impacto de las relaciones entre la familia y la escuela en la inclusión educativa de alumnos de etnia gitana: Una revisión sistemática

El pueblo gitano/roma es la minoría étnica más numerosa y antigua de Europa, sin embargo, las dificultades en la inclusión educativa del alumnado romaní condicionan su integración al mundo laboral y social. En el presente artículo se analiza uno de los factores menos estudiados, esto es el impacto de las relaciones familia-escuela en la inclusión educativa. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática utilizando la declaración PRISMA, identificándose 3510 registros de las bases de datos internacionales y 99 del registro adicional. Tras el proceso de cribado se han seleccionado 12 estudios cuyo análisis ha permitido identificar tipos de estudios, objetivos, resultados, implicaciones prácticas, así como reportar su calidad metodológica. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de contar con investigaciones que muestren la diversidad de modelos familiares, cómo son sus procesos de aculturación, sus metas y prácticas educativas y sus capacidades resilientes para afrontar la adversidad. Asimismo, han permitido identificar modelos de buenas prácticas en la escuela basados en la inclusión y la interculturalidad que colaboran con las familias como parte decisiva de la inclusión educativa de sus hijos e hijas.Gypsy / Roma people are the largest and oldest ethnic minority in Europe, however the difficulties in the educational inclusion of Roma students condition their integration into the labor and social world. In this article we analyze the impact of family-school relationships on educational inclusion. A systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA declaration, identifying 3510 records of the international databases and 99 of the additional record. After the final screening process, 12 studies were selected whose analysis allowed the identification of types of studies, objectives, results, practical implications, as well as reporting on their methodological quality. The results show the need to show the diversity of family models, how they are their acculturation processes, their educational goals and practices, and resilient capacities. Likewise, the review identified best practice models in the school based on inclusion and interculturality that collaborate with families as a decisive part of the educational inclusion of their sons and daughters