Comparing the assimilation of dietary nitrogen supplied by animal-, plant- and microbial-derived ingredients in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: A stable isotope study

In order to become a more profitable and sustainable industry, the aquaculture sector is constantly exploring alternative nutrient sources. In the present study, the natural stable isotope signatures of different animal-, plantand microbial-derived ingredients were determined to evaluate the assimilation of dietary nitrogen in Pacific white shrimp. Experimental diets were manufactured to replace fish meal and squid meal with microbial- and plant- derived ingredients (48 and 66 % dietary inclusion) and were also used as additives (4%). Ingredients were also used as additives to study their effects on growth performance and assimilation. Corn gluten, soy protein isolate, Arthrospira (Spirulina) biomass and a bacterial meal (ProFloc™) were used to formulate six, isotopic control diets containing one source of dietary nitrogen, while six combined diets had varying proportions of ingredients. At the end of the trial, survival rates were similar among treatments (88 ± 9%) but there were significant differences in mean final weight. Microbial and animal proteins promoted similar final weight when combined (1080−1537 mg), while plant ingredients and Arthrospira caused lower growth when used alone (420−970 mg). Isotopic values indicated significant differences in the assimilation proportions of dietary nitrogen, mainly attributed to the ingredients’ different amino acid profiles. The dietary nitrogen contained in microbial-derived ingredients was assimilated at similar, or even higher proportions than fish meal and squid meal. Diet formulated with 33 % fish meal, Arthrospira and corn gluten, contributed 31, 36 and 33 % of dietary nitrogen to muscle growth, respectively. The second 33 % combination supplied 42, 34 and 24 % from squid meal, bacterial meal and soy protein. When ingredients were used at 4%, additive levels, they also contributed structural nitrogen to shrimp muscle tissue despite low dietary inclusions. Results demonstrated the viable use of stable isotopes to evaluate the assimilation of dietary nitrogen supplied by emerging alternative ingredient

La imagen y la narrativa como herramienta para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Santander y Norte de Santander

Los contextos de violencia en un país marcado por el conflicto armado como lo es Colombia, han desencadenado profundas marcas físicas como psicológicos de quienes lo vivieron en carne propia; es por esto que la mirada desde los teóricos y las narrativas de los resilientes, permiten realizar una revisión de producción académica que tiene como finalidad aportar los procesos de afrontamiento psicosocial en el sufrimiento debido al conflicto armado mediante la evaluación de eventos psicosociales traumáticos desde el enfoque narrativo, se requiere lograr la capacidad de hacer lectura de la realidad en coherencia con el escenario político, social, económico, natural y cultural del país, autores fundamentales mencionan la importancia de la subjetividad en la identificación de los emergentes psicosociales como un proceso socio histórico y la vida cotidiana en la elaboración de memoria para identificar los elementos resiliente que han sido parte de la reconstrucción de la vida de las personas víctimas y sobrevivientes de los escenarios de violencia, situaciones de crisis y problemáticas psicosociales en los casos de Ernesto, Edita Garrido y Yirley Velazco, teniendo en cuenta que el conflicto armado interno colombiano trae sus raíces en la época de los años treinta, donde han sido protagonistas grupos armados ilegales. Y en razón de esto, es desde la narrativa un recurso para la elaboración de significados por medio de las experiencias vividas individual y colectivamente, conllevando a una reflexión y autonomía para generar vínculos afectivos positivos, el buen desarrollo de un tejido social y la cohesión sociocultural con base de la experiencia abordada desde el caso de Ernesto y los relatos de resiliencia de las sobrevivientes de la masacre del Salado.The contexts of violence in a country marked by the armed conflict such as Colombia, have unleashed deep physical and psychological scars on those who experienced it firsthand; This is why the view from the theoreticians and the narratives of the resilient, allow a review of academic production whose purpose is to contribute the processes of psychosocial coping in suffering due to the armed conflict through the evaluation of traumatic psychosocial events from the perspective narrative, it is required to achieve the ability to read reality in coherence with the political, social, economic, natural and cultural scenario of the country, fundamental authors mention the importance of subjectivity in the identification of psychosocial emergents as a socio-historical process and daily life in the elaboration of memory to identify the resilient elements that have been part of the reconstruction of the lives of victims and survivors of scenes of violence, crisis situations and psychosocial problems in the cases of Ernesto, Edita Garrido and Yirley Velazco, taking into account that the Colombian internal armed conflict has its roots in the 1930s, where illegal armed groups have been protagonists. And because of this, it is from the narrative a resource for the elaboration of meanings through the experiences lived individually and collectively, leading to reflection and autonomy to generate positive affective bonds, the good development of a social fabric and sociocultural cohesion. based on the experience approached from the case of Ernesto and the stories of resilience of the survivors of the Salado massacre

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigación desde el año 2003 al 2012

Listado de Proyectos de investigación de UPIICSA desde 2003 a 201

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease