Antimicrobial Activity of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Syzygium aromaticum against the Five Most Common Microorganisms in the Oral Cavity

ARTICULO DE ACCESO LIBREAbstract: Syzygium aromaticum (clove) has been used as a dental analgesic, an anesthetic, and a bioreducing and capping agent in the formation of metallic nanoparticles. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect in oral microorganisms of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) formed with aqueous extract of clove through an ecofriendly method “green synthesis”. The obtained AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy), SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and ζ potential, while its antimicrobial effect was corroborated against oral Grampositive and Gram-negative microorganisms, as well as yeast that is commonly present in the oral cavity. The AgNPs showed absorption at 400–500 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum, had an average size of 4–16 nm as observed by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and were of a crystalline nature and quasi-spherical form. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed inhibition zones of 2–4 mm in diameter. Our results suggest that AgNPs synthesized with clove can be used as effective growth inhibitors in several oral microorganisms.S/

Síntesis de β-nitro estirenos en presencia de MCM-41/Al

En este trabajo se describe un nuevo protocolo para la síntesis de trans-β-nitroestirenos a través de una catálisis cooperativa, mediante el empleo de MCM-41 y MCM-41/Al en presencia de aminas secundarias, las cuales influyen directamente en el proceso de condensación entre un aldehído y nitrometano (reacción de Henry). Los sitios ácidos de Lewis y de Brønsted presentes en el material, permiten la activación directa de los grupos carbonilo para la formación de un ion iminio, que es el intermediario en el proceso de condensación. La eficiencia y la simplicidad operativa de este protocolo fue demostrado por la reutilización del material dos veces con buenos rendimientos, sin que este sea reactivado a altas temperaturas.A convenient protocol for the synthesis of trans-β-nitrostyrenes has been achieved, through a cooperative catalysis by employing MCM-41 and MCM-41/Al with secondary amines that directly influence the condensation process between an aldehyde and nitromethane (Henry reaction). Brønsted and Lewis catalytic acid sites present in the material allowed for the direct activation of carbonyl groups by the formation of an iminium ion. At the same time, MCM-41 allows for the formation of nitronic acid, which is the C–C bond precursor. The efficiency and operational simplicity of this protocol was demonstrated by the reuse of the material two times with very good yields, without the requirement of reactivation at high temperatures

Proyecto Fit U

El presente proyecto de una aplicación que busca fomentar la comunidad, interacción virtual y colaboración hacia personas que desean implementar o mantener un estilo de vida saludable muestra la viabilidad de su ejecución, con base en los experimentos realizados al público objetivo (entrevistas): personas que realizan deporte o siguen una buena alimentación y los profesionales de la salud (nutricionistas y preparadores físicos), los cuales son considerados actores importantes en el éxito de esta iniciativa. Por un lado, se halló que en el primer grupo suelen presentar desmotivación al inicio de sus nuevos regímenes. Por otro lado, los del segundo grupo, consideraron que el aplicativo resultaría eficiente, según el propósito que sigue. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, se requiere la implementación, en primer lugar, de una app nativa, cuyo almacenamiento más próximo sean PlayStore y AppStore, ya que, según la investigación, son las tiendas virtuales más usadas por los usuarios a través de sus teléfonos celulares. Esto implica el costo de un desarrollo por encargo de aproximadamente S/ 3000.00, así como el pago de los servidores en donde se hospedará la arquitectura y almacenamiento de la codificación, cuyo costo inicial es de S/ 0.195. Por otra parte, se requiere implementar un plan de marketing y fidelización a través de estrategias como penetración de mercado -al cual se le destinará S/ 500- , creación de comunidad y, finalmente, medir los resultados a través de NPS, indicador que refleja el grado de lealtad y fidelización por parte de los consumidores.The present project of an application that seeks to promote community, virtual interaction and collaboration with people who want to implement or maintain a healthy lifestyle shows the feasibility of its execution, based on the experiments carried out on the target audience (interviews): people who they practice sports or follow a good diet and health professionals (nutritionists and physical trainers), who are considered important actors in the success of this initiative. On the one hand, it was found that in the first group they tend to show demotivation at the beginning of their new regimens. On the other hand, those in the second group considered that the application would be efficient, according to the purpose that follows. To carry out this project, the implementation is required, first of all, of a native app, whose closest storage is Play Store and AppStore, since, according to the research, they are the virtual stores most used by users through their cellphones. This implies the cost of a custom development of approximately S / 3000.00, as well as the payment of the servers where the architecture and storage of the coding will be hosted, whose initial cost is S / 0.195. On the other hand, it is necessary to implement a marketing and loyalty plan through strategies such as market penetration -which will be allocated S / 500-, community creation and, finally, measuring the results through NPS, an indicator that reflects the degree of loyalty and loyalty on the part of consumers.Trabajo de investigació

Assessment of a New ROS1 Immunohistochemistry Clone (SP384) for the Identification of ROS1 Rearrangements in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: the ROSING Study

Introduction: The ROS1 gene rearrangement has become an important biomarker in NSCLC. The College of American Pathologists/International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/Association for Molecular Pathology testing guidelines support the use of ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a screening test, followed by confirmation with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or a molecular test in all positive results. We have evaluated a novel anti-ROS1 IHC antibody (SP384) in a large multicenter series to obtain real-world data. Methods: A total of 43 ROS1 FISH-positive and 193 ROS1 FISH-negative NSCLC samples were studied. All specimens were screened by using two antibodies (clone D4D6 from Cell Signaling Technology and clone SP384 from Ventana Medical Systems), and the different interpretation criteria were compared with break-apart FISH (Vysis). FISH-positive samples were also analyzed with next-generation sequencing (Oncomine Dx Target Test Panel, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Results: An H-score of 150 or higher or the presence of at least 70% of tumor cells with an intensity of staining of 2+ or higher by the SP384 clone was the optimal cutoff value (both with 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The D4D6 clone showed similar results, with an H-score of at least 100 (91% sensitivity and 100% specificity). ROS1 expression in normal lung was more frequent with use of the SP384 clone (p < 0.0001). The ezrin gene (EZR)-ROS1 variant was associated with membranous staining and an isolated green signal FISH pattern (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: The new SP384 ROS1 IHC clone showed excellent sensitivity without compromising specificity, so it is another excellent analytical option for the proposed testing algorithm

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Ciencia Odontológica 2.0

Libro que muestra avances de la Investigación Odontológica en MéxicoEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el segundo de una serie de 6 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG

Plasma Concentrations of Lysophosphatidic Acid and Autotaxin in Abstinent Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder and Comorbid Liver Disease

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous lysophospholipid and a bioactive lipid that is synthesized by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX). The ATX–LPA axis has been associated with cognitive dysfunction and inflammatory diseases, mainly in a range of nonalcoholic liver diseases. Recently, preclinical and clinical evidence has suggested a role of LPA signaling in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and AUD-related cognitive function. However, the ATX–LPA axis has not been sufficiently investigated in alcoholic liver diseases. An exploratory study was conducted in 136 participants, 66 abstinent patients with AUD seeking treatment for alcohol (alcohol group), and 70 healthy control subjects (control group). The alcohol group was divided according to the presence of comorbid liver diseases (i.e., fatty liver/steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis, or cirrhosis). All participants were clinically evaluated, and plasma concentrations of total LPA and ATX were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Data were primarily analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling for age, body mass index, and sex. Logistic regression models were created to assess the association of the ATX–LPA axis and AUD or liver disease. LPA and ATX were log10-transformed to fit the assumptions of parametric testing.The main results were as follows: total LPA and ATX concentrations were dysregulated in the alcohol group, and patients with AUD had significantly lower LPA (F(1,131) = 10.677, p = 0.001) and higher ATX (F(1,131) = 8.327, p = 0.005) concentrations than control subjects; patients with AUD and liver disease had significantly higher ATX concentrations (post hoc test, p p p p < 0.001) for distinguishing patients with AUD and comorbid liver disease. In conclusion, our data show that the ATX–LPA axis is dysregulated in AUD and suggest this lipid signaling, in combination with relevant AUD-related variables, as a reliable biomarker of alcoholic liver diseases