Aplicación de laregla de la razón en el tratamiento de casos de ventas atadas en el mercado de la tecnología informá Un estudio de los Casos Microsoft

Research about the regulation of tying agreements on the high technology markets in the Ecuadorian Antitrust Law. Seeks to determine how this behavior fits the Ecuadorian legal system and contributes to the development of legislation and the implementation of Antitrust regulations. Through the analysis of the principles underlying the Competition Law, and considering the economy as a complementary tool, it seeks to establish the legal treatment to be given to this business practice. American and European remarkable case law on the regulation of tying agreements is used in order to clarify the appropriate mechanisms to apply an effective method of investigation in the high technology market. Includes a proposal about the criteria to be used in Antitrust analysis of tying agreements in the relevant market, in order to achieve the objectives stated the “Ley Orgánica de Regulación y Control del Poder de Mercado”, focusing on the potential efficiencies generated and pro-competitive effects. It seeks to determine that tying agreements on high technology markets can create efficiencies, so they should not be punished without a thorough analysis of its nature.Investigación sobre la regulación en la normativa nacional de Competencia de las ventas atadas en el mercado de la alta tecnología digital. Busca determinar la manera en que esta conducta debe ser tratada en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano y coadyuvar con el desarrollo e inteligenciación de la legislación de Competencia de mercado. A través del análisis de los principios que fundamentan al Derecho de la Competencia, y tomando en cuenta a la Economía como herramienta complementaria, se busca establecer el tratamiento jurídico que debe darse a esta práctica comercial. Se utilizan los precedentes jurisprudenciales americano y europeo sobre la regulación de las ventas atadas con el fin de clarificar los mecanismos idóneos que fundamenten un procedimiento efectivo de investigación en el mercado de la alta tecnología digital. Se propone un criterio sobre el objetivo del análisis de competencia a la luz de la Ley Orgánica de Regulación y Control del Poder de Mercado, para dilucidar los efectos de la vinculación en el mercado relevante, enfocando las posibles eficiencias generadas y sus efectos pro competitivos. Se busca determinar que las ventas atadas en el mercado de la alta tecnología digital pueden generar eficiencias, por lo que no deben ser sancionadas sin un análisis exhaustivo de su naturaleza

Cytogenetic and genomic analysis of a patient with turner syndrome and t(2;12): a case report

Background: Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder that afects women. It is caused by an absent or incomplete X chromosome, which can be presented in mosaicism or not. There are 12 cases of Turner syndrome patients who present structural alterations in autosomal chromosomes. Case presentation: The present case report describes a patient with a reciprocal, maternally inherited translocation between chromosomes 2 and 12 with a mosaicism of X monosomy 45,X,t(2;12)(p13;q24)[95]/46,XX,t(2;12)(p13;q24) [5]. Through genetic mapping arrays, altered genes in the patient were determined within the 23 chromosome pairs. These genes were associated with the patient’s clinical features using a bioinformatics tool Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the frst case in which a translocation (2;12) is reported in a patient with Turner syndrome and confrmed by conventional cytogenetics, FISH and molecular genetics. Clinical features of our patient are closely related with the loss of one X chromosome, however mild intellectual disability can be likely explained by autosomal genes. The presence of familial translocations was a common fnding, thus emphasizing the need for familiar testing for further genetic counselling

Secretome Analysis of Arabidopsis–Trichoderma atroviride Interaction Unveils New Roles for the Plant Glutamate:Glyoxylate Aminotransferase GGAT1 in Plant Growth Induced by the Fungus and Resistance against Botrytis cinerea

The establishment of plant–fungus mutualistic interaction requires bidirectional molecular crosstalk. Therefore, the analysis of the interacting organisms secretomes would help to understand how such relationships are established. Here, a gel-free shotgun proteomics approach was used to identify the secreted proteins of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the mutualistic fungus Trichoderma atroviride during their interaction. A total of 126 proteins of Arabidopsis and 1027 of T. atroviride were identified. Among them, 118 and 780 were differentially modulated, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis unveiled that both organisms’ secretomes were enriched with enzymes. In T. atroviride, glycosidases, aspartic endopeptidases, and dehydrogenases increased in response to Arabidopsis. Additionally, amidases, protein-serine/threonine kinases, and hydro-lyases showed decreased levels. Furthermore, peroxidases, cysteine endopeptidases, and enzymes related to the catabolism of secondary metabolites increased in the plant secretome. In contrast, pathogenesis-related proteins and protease inhibitors decreased in response to the fungus. Notably, the glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase GGAT1 was secreted by Arabidopsis during its interaction with T. atroviride. Our study showed that GGAT1 is partially required for plant growth stimulation and on the induction of the plant systemic resistance by T. atroviride. Additionally, GGAT1 seems to participate in the negative regulation of the plant systemic resistance against B. cinerea through a mechanism involving H2O2 production

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma in a patient under anticoagulant agents presenting as upper gastrointestinal bleeding

We present the case of a 44-year-old woman with past history of repeated miscarriage and Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to primary myelofibrosis. Because of this she was under treatment with oral anticoagulant agents. The patient was admitted in hospital as she presented with gastrointestinal bleeding (melena), asthenia and progressive anemia. In an initial upper endoscopy an extrinsic duodenal compression associated with an ulcer on the posterior face of the first portion of duodenum and upper duodenal knee was observed. In the following days a huge spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma due to anticoagulation was diagnosed by computed tomography. This was treated with a percutaneous drainage and withdrawal of the antithrombotic drugs. The evolution of the patient was initially satisfactory but she suffered subclavian and jugular vein thrombosis, and reintroduction of anticoagulant agents at the lowest therapeutic doses was required

Pre-Hispanic Fishing Structures Preserved on the Central Coast of Ecuador

Marine resource exploitation is documented for the central coast of Ecuador from 10.000 yr B.P., with a wide range of fishing techniques developing through time. Most recently, dozens of stone fishing structures have been identified at the Liguiqui archaeological locality, on the Manta Peninsula of Manabí Province. These resemble fish traps such as have been recorded worldwide, though no similar devices have previously been reported on the Pacific coast of tropical or subtropical South America. A preliminary study of the Liguiqui structures is presented here, assessing their geologic, environmental, cultural and chronological context. It is hypothesized that they could have had a double function as fish traps and as fish attractors/containers, and that they were most likely built during the Pre-Hispanic Manteño cultural period.Fil: Favier Dubois, Cristian Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; ArgentinaFil: Storchi Lobos, Daniela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lunniss, R.. Universidad Técnica de Manabí; EcuadorFil: Mora Mendoza, A.. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral; EcuadorFil: Ortiz Aguilú, J. J.. Universidad Técnica de Manabí; Ecuado