Frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas del gen de la κappa caseína en sementales bovinos doble propósito ubicados en fincas del municipio Camoapa, departamento de Boaco, 2018

La presente investigación se realizó en las fincas de pequeños y medianos productores del Municipio de Camoapa. El objetivo principal fue identificar los sementales bovinos portadores del gen κ- caseína con fines de mejora genética. Se recolectaron un total de cincuenta muestras de sangre, conservadas en un tubo vacutainer que contenía EDTA. A partir del material genético extraído utilizando un kit comercial QIAGEN, las muestras de ADN fueron amplificadas utilizando los cebadores BLKC-For5´-ATT AGC CCA TTT CGC CTT CT-3´ y BLKC-Rev 5´-ATT TAT GGC CAT TCC ACC AA-3´ amplificando fragmentos de 351 pb mediante la utilización de la técnica de PCR. Para la genotipificación de los alelos A y B del gen de CASκ se utilizó la enzima de restricción Hinf I, la cual cortó el producto PCR en dos fragmentos 261/89 pb para el genotipo homocigótico recesivo BB, en tres fragmentos de 131/131/89 pb para el genotipo homocigótico dominante AA y para el genotipo heterocigoto AB, es una combinación de ambos alelos A y B lo cual fue cortada en cuatro fragmentos 262/131/131/89 pb. Las frecuencias genotípicas obtenidas del gen CASκ de los sementales fueron de 0.60, 0.02 y 0.38 para los homocigotos AA y BB, y para el heterocigoto AB. Las frecuencias alélicas fueron 0.79 y 0.21 para el alelo A y B. Finalmente el cálculo de la extensión de la Prueba Exacta de Fisher se obtuvo una probabilidad de Pa=0.000052 dando altamente significativo con un nivel de significancia del 0.05, lo que significa que la población muestreada no se encuentra en Equilibrio Hardy Weinberg. Palabra0s claves: Kappa caseína, PCR-RFLP, Frecuencias genotípicas y frecuencias alélica

Frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas del gen de κappa caseína en ganado criollo de la raza Reyna, Managua, Nicaragua

The present work was carried out in the Creole cattle of the Reyna breed of the animal science faculty. This breed has been important in the development of Central American livestock, in principle it was the founding herd of it. The Reyna cattle, is a breed adapted to the tropical conditions of Nicaragua, selected by Joaquín Reyna in the year 1920. The κ-casein protein is related to milk production and quality characteristics, such as, cheese yield, time of coagulation, firmness of micelle and high levels of lactoferrin. Milk derived from animals CASκ AA genotype has a lower percentage of κ-casein, on the contrary, milk from CASκ BB animals has a higher proportion of κ-casein and smaller micelles. The present study aimed to determine the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the kappa-casein gene (κ-CN) in cattle of the Reyna breed. 22 blood samples were collected in breeding females from the Santa Rosa farm of the Animal Science Faculty of the National Agrarian University (UNA). The kappa casein gene was amplified by PCR technique, with primers BLKC-For 5`-ATTAGCCCATTTCGCCTTCT-3` and BLKC-Rev 5`-ATT TATGGCCATTCCACCAA-3`, obtaining a fragment of 351 bp. The alleles were identified using the PCR-FRLP technique, obtaining genotypic frequencies of 0.090, 0.045 and 0.863 for the AA, BB and AB genotypes, respectively. Allelic frequency was 0.52 and 0.48 for alleles A and B respectively, indicating greater number of AB and AA genotypes.El presente trabajo se realizó en el ganado criollo de la raza Reyna de la facultad ciencia animal. Esta raza ha sido importante en el desarrollo de la ganadería centroamericana, en principio constituyó el hato fundador de la misma. El ganado Reyna, es una raza adaptada a las condiciones tropicales de Nicaragua, seleccionada por Joaquín Reyna en el año de 1920. La proteína κ-caseína está relacionada con características de producción y calidad de la leche, tales como, rendimiento en queso, tiempo de coagulación, firmeza de micela y niveles altos de lactoferrina. La leche derivada de animales con genotipo CASκ AA tiene menor porcentaje de κ-caseína, por el contrario, la leche de animales CASκ BB presenta mayor proporción de κ-caseína y micelas más pequeñas. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas del gen kappa-caseína (κ-CN) en ganado de la raza Reyna. Se recolectaron 22 muestras de sangre en hembras reproductoras de la finca Santa Rosa de la Facultad Ciencia Animal de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA). El gen de la kappa caseína fue amplificado mediante la técnica PCR, con los cebadores BLKC-For 5`-ATTAGCCCATTTCGCCTTCT-3` y BLKC-Rev 5`-ATT TATGGCCATTCCACCAA-3`, obteniendo un fragmento de 351 pb. La identificación de los alelos fue realizada mediante la técnica PCR-FRLP, obteniendo frecuencias genotípicas de 0.090, 0.045 y 0.863 para los genotipos AA, BB y AB, respectivamente. La frecuencia alélica fue de 0.52 y 0.48 para los alelos A y B respectivamente, indicando mayor número de genotipos AB y AA

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas del gen Kappa Caseína y βeta Lactoglobulina en ganado Pardo Suizo

The Brown Swiss breed is one of the breeds with great genetic development oriented to the production of greater volumes of milk. The objective of this study was to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the Κappa&nbsp;casein and βeta Lactoglobulin gene in cattle with Brown Swiss and Brahaman crosses. 20 female bovine animals were selected, located in the Santa Rosa farm of the Faculty of Animal Science of the National Agrarian University (UNA). DNA was extracted from whole blood with EDTA. DNA was extracted from whole blood with EDTA. With the PCR technique, fragments of the Kappa casein gene of 351 bp and fragments of 262 bp for the Beta lactoglobulin gene were amplified. Genotyping was carried out with the PCR-FRLP technique and the separation of fragments for both genes was carried out on a 2 % agarose gel. The genotype frequencies found for Κappa casein were 0.25 (5/20), 0.65 (13/20), 0.10 (2/20), for the AA, AB and BB genotypes respectively, with the heterozygous AB being more frequent. The allele frequencies for this same gene were 0.575 and 0.425 for alleles A and B. The genotype frequencies for βeta Lactoglobulin were 0.05 (1/20), 0.1 (2/20), 0.85 (17/20) for the AA genotypes, AB and BB respectively, with homozygous BB being more frequent. The allele frequencies were found to be 0.1 and 0.9 for the A and B alleles of βeta Lactoglobulin. The individuals evaluated for Κappa casein presented a low proportion of the desirable BB genotype, while for βeta Lactoglobulin the proportion of individuals with the desirable BB genotype was higher.La raza Pardo Suizo es una de las razas con gran desarrollo genético orientada a la producción de mayores volúmenes de leche. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las frecuencia alélicas y genotípicas del gen de Κappa caseína y βeta Lactoglobulina en ganado con encaste Pardo Suizo y Brahaman. Se seleccionaron 20 hembras bovinas, ubicadas en la finca Santa Rosa de la Facultad de Ciencia Animal de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA). Se extrajo el ADN a partir de sangre total con EDTA. Con la técnica PCR se amplifico fragmentos del gen de Kappa caseína&nbsp;de 351pb y fragmentos de 262pb para el gen Beta lactoglobulina. La genotipificación se realizó con la técnica PCR-FRLP y la separación de fragmentos para ambos genes se realizó en un gel de agarosa al 2 %. Las frecuencias genotípicas encontradas para Κappa caseína fueron de 0.25 (5/20), 0.65 (13/20), 0.10 (2/20), para los genotipos AA, AB y BB respectivamente, resultando más frecuente el heterocigoto AB. Las frecuencias alélicas para este mismo gen fueron de 0.575 y 0.425 para el alelo A y B. Las frecuencias genotípicas para βeta Lactoglobulina fueron 0.05 (1/20), 0.1 (2/20), 0.85 (17/20) para los genotipos AA, AB y BB respectivamente, resultando más frecuente los individuos homocigóticos BB. Las frecuencias alélicas resultaron ser de 0.1 y 0.9 para los alelos A y B de βeta Lactoglobulina. Los individuos evaluados para Κappa caseína presentaron baja proporción del genotipo deseable BB, mientras que para βeta Lactoglobulina la proporción de individuos con genotipo deseable BB fue mayor

Establishment of human embryonic stem cell line Amicqui-2 using poor-quality embryos from Mexican population

Although investigation with human embryonic stem cells (HESC) is not decreasing, the derivation of new lines has been diminished. The preeminence of only a few HESC lines in research is accompanied by lack of universal applicability of results as well as by genetic under-representation. We previously reported the derivation of one line with male karyotype from Mexican population. Here, we derived one HESC line (Amicqui-2) with female karyotype from poor-quality embryos. These line comply the pluripotent requirements (normal karyotype, detection of pluripotency-associated markers, mycoplasma test and teratoma formation) and could be a valuable model for studying diseases specific to under-represented population

Kidney transplant from controlled donors following circulatory death: Results from the GEODAS-3 multicentre study

INTRODUCTION: Many European countries have transplant programmes with controlled donors after cardiac death (cDCD). Twenty-two centres are part of GEODAS group. We analysed clinical results from a nephrological perspective. METHODS: Observational, retrospective and multicentre study with systematic inclusion of all kidney transplant recipients from cDCD, following local protocols regarding extraction and immunosuppression. RESULTS: A total of 335 cDCD donors (mean age 57.2 years) whose deaths were mainly due to cardiovascular events were included. Finally, 566 recipients (mean age 56.5 years; 91.9% first kidney transplant) were analysed with a median of follow-up of 1.9 years. Induction therapy was almost universal (thymoglobulin 67.4%; simulect 32.8%) with maintenance with prednisone-MMF-tacrolimus (91.3%) or combinations with mTOR (6.5%). Mean cold ischaemia time (CIT) was 12.3h. Approximately 3.4% (n=19) of recipients experienced primary non-function, essentially associated with CIT (only CIT ≥ 14 h was associated with primary non-function). Delayed graft function (DGF) was 48.8%. DGF risk factors were CIT ≥ 14 h OR 1.6, previous haemodialysis (vs. peritoneal dialysis) OR 2.1 and donor age OR 1.01 (per year). Twenty-one patients (3.7%) died with a functioning graft, with a recipient and death-censored graft survival at 2-years of 95% and 95.1%, respectively. The estimated glomerular filtration rate at one year of follow-up was 60.9 ml/min. CONCLUSIONS: CIT is a modifiable factor for improving the incidence of primary non-function in kidney transplant arising from cDCD. cDCD kidney transplant recipients have higher delayed graft function rate, but the same patient and graft survival compared to brain-dead donation in historical references. These results are convincing enough to continue fostering this type of donation