Trends in alcohol consumption among school-aged adolescents in Spain (2010-2018)

Objetivo: Analizar las tendencias en el consumo de cerveza, vino y licores destilados, así como de los episodios de embriaguez de los chicos y chicas adolescentes en España, en 2010, 2014 y 2018, por sexo y edad. Método: La muestra está formada por 35.310 participantes de 15 a 18 años de edad representativos de la población adolescente escolarizada en España en 2010, 2014 y 2018. El cuestionario empleado fue el de consumo de alcohol y de episodios de embriaguez consensuado por el equipo internacional del estudio. Para lograr el objetivo se estimaron las razones de prevalencia y los intervalos de confianza del 95% mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados: Los datos muestran un descenso global entre 2010 y 2018 en el consumo de alcohol (tanto de cerveza como de vino y licores destilados) y en los episodios de embriaguez, aunque este descenso se concentra principalmente entre 2010 y 2014. Las diferencias según el sexo (mayor consumo frecuente y episodios de embriaguez en los chicos) se observan a los 17-18 años, pero no a los 15-16 años. Respecto a la edad, el grupo de 17-18 años presenta mayores niveles que el de 15-16 años. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio confirman la importancia de realizar análisis específicos para identificar posibles grupos de riesgo que no se detectan con análisis más generales. Se destaca la necesidad de seguir trabajando en la prevención y en las políticas de control dado el riesgo de estabilización del consumo.Objective: To analyze trends in beer, wine, and distilled spirits consumption, as well as drunkenness among school-aged adolescents in Spain from 2010 to 2018 by sex and age. Method: The sample is composed of 35,310 adolescents aged 15 to 18. The data is representative of the adolescent school population in Spain in 2010, 2014, and 2018. The alcohol consumption questionnaire and the drunkenness questionnaire provided by the international team of the study were employed. Prevalence Ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. Results: the data show a general decrease in alcohol consumption (beer, wine, as well as distilled spirits) and in drunkenness, but the decrease mainly occurs between 2010 and 2014. Sex differences (higher consumption and drunkenness among boys) are found among adolescents aged 17-18 but not in the age group of 15-16 years old. Older adolescents show higher levels of consumption and drunkenness than younger adolescents. Conclusion: The results confirm the relevance of carrying out specific analyses in order to identify risk groups which are not detected through general analyses. This data highlights the need to maintain alcohol prevention and control policies due to the risk of stabilization in alcohol-related behaviours

Participatory Art Encounters in Order to Build Inclusive Relationships in University Settings

La participación de personas con diversidad funcional en la sociedad es imprescindible para su transformación. El acceso al arte y la cultura es un derecho de todo ciudadano desde su esencia creativa y comunitaria. Sin embargo, la participación de la ciudadanía en las instituciones y políticas culturales es desigual. Frente a esta brecha es necesario descubrir nuevas realidades donde el encuentro con la diversidad sea desde la posibilidad. Por ello, se exponen experiencias basadas en prácticas artísticas participativas desarrolladas en los Grados de Bellas Artes y de Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Murcia. Las intervenciones se proyectaron en la construcción de escenarios creativos donde personas con capacidades diversas se sintieran miembros activos de la cultura y la sociedad. Los participantes fueron alumnado universitario y un colectivo artístico de personas con síndrome de Down y otras discapacidades intelectuales. En su diseño, se aplicaron metodologías de investigación basadas en la A/r/tografía. Se concluyó que los encuentros mixtos a través de las prácticas artísticas participativas son un método de innovación educativa eficaz para conseguir una inmersión real en lo inclusivo en los centros escolares y colateralmente en la sociedad.Involving people with diverse functionality in society is essential for its global transformation. Access to arts and culture is a right for all citizens from their creative and communitarian essence. However, citizen participation in cultural institutions and policies is somewhat uneven. When facing this chasm, it is indispensable to reveal new realities where the encounter with diversity happens in a realm of possibility. Thereby, we expound on a series of experiences based on participatory art practices, developed for the Degrees of Fine Arts and Primary Education of the University of Murcia. These practices were aimed at shaping creative settings where people with diverse abilities could see themselves as active members of society and its culture. The participants were university pupils together with the art collective for people with Down’s syndrome and other intellectual disabilities. For their design, we applied techniques of A/r/tography. The conclusion was that mixed encounters with participatory artistic actions can be effective methods for educational innovation in order to achieve an actual inclusive engagement within schools and, correspondingly, in society at large

el caso de la Biblioteca Nacional de España

En este artículo se presenta, a grandes rasgos, el trabajo llevado a cabo durante los últimos años en la Biblioteca Nacional de España, para normalizar e integrar la información de antiguos poseedores en su catálogo automatizado, adaptando la información de procedencias al formato MARC, y desde ahí, darle salida a través del ecosistema de datos enlazados de la biblioteca, a un entorno más dinámico que permite ofrecer un buscador especializado en el portal datos.bne.esThis paper presents the efforts and the current situation of integrating a provenance database into the two National Library of Spain main library metadata workflows: the MARC-based library system and the RDF-based publication pipeline that builds into datos.bne.es, the BNE linked data application

Trends in cannabis use among adolescents in Spain 2006-2018

The aim of this study was to examine trends in cannabis use among Spanish students 2006-2018 by sex, age, and sex and age combined. Data showed a global decrease both in a lifetime and frequent cannabis use between 2006 and 2018 but four-year comparisons revealed more variability within the specific sex-age groups. No change was found in lifetime use between 2014 and 2018 for all groups. The results emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring of trends in cannabis use and the importance of implementing preventive measures to avoid a change in tendency and to work with high-risk groups, especially 17-18-old boys

Impedimetric Biosensor Based on a Hechtia argentea Lectin for the Detection of Salmonella spp.

A sensitive electrochemical detection method for Salmonella spp. was described, based on the use of Hechtia argentea lectin immobilised on a screen-printed gold electrode. The lectin was extracted from Hechtia argentea, a plant belonging to the Bromeliaceae family. The lectin with molecular weight near 27.4 kDa showed selectivity towards D-mannose, contained on the lipopolysaccharide cell wall of Salmonella spp. Carbohydrate selectivity of the lectin was measured as a change in impedance with respect to concentration. The binding of the bacteria to the biosensor surface increased impedance with increasing concentrations of Salmonella spp., achieving a linear range of detection of 15–2.57 × 107 CFU mL−1, with a limit of detection of 5 CFU mL−1. Increases in impedance were measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and analysed using Nyquist plots. The biosensor was applied in analysis of hen egg samples, and the results were consistent with those obtained using the official analysis methodologyS

Integración de una base de datos de procedencias en el entorno MARC y de datos enlazados: el caso de la Biblioteca Nacional de España

This paper presents the efforts and the current situation of integrating a provenance database into the two National Library of Spain main library metadata workflows: the MARC-based library system and the RDF-based publication pipeline that builds into datos.bne.es, the BNE linked data applicationEn este artículo se presenta, a grandes rasgos, el trabajo llevado a cabo durante los últimos años en la Biblioteca Nacional de España, para normalizar e integrar la información de antiguos poseedores en su catálogo automatizado, adaptando la información de procedencias al formato MARC, y desde ahí, darle salida a través del ecosistema de datos enlazados de la biblioteca, a un entorno más dinámico que permite ofrecer un buscador especializado en el portal datos.bne.e

The teacher's perspective on inclusion in education : an analysis of curriculum design

The study we present is based on the responses given to students with specific educational support needs in compulsory education stages. Focused from the perspective of teachers within the framework of educational inclusion. To this end, the role of teachers and their influence on curriculum design, methodology, and assessment is taken into account. A descriptive and inferential methodological approach is used, with a sample of 2457 teachers from the Spanish context, applying an ad-hoc questionnaire. The results indicate the influence of teachers' socio-demographic variables on the implementation of curriculum design, methodology, and assessment strategies in line with educational inclusion. The conclusions highlight the reactive versus proactive nature of teaching, although the suf-ficiency of educational practice is considered, characterised by differences according to age, gender, experience, or location of educative centre, among other variables analysed. It is established that im-provements can be identified that can be strengthened. Specifically those related to the interests and motivations of students with SEN and their participation in assessment processes

Effect of COVID-19 confinement on the mental status of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Antecedentes y objetivo: Las pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) son más vulnerables a presentar mayores niveles de estrés y síntomas psicopatológicos que la población general sana, por lo que el brote de la COVID-19 podría alterar su estado psicológico. El objetivo fue analizar el impacto psicológico de la pandemia y del confinamiento sobre los niveles de estrés y sintomatología psicopatológica en pacientes con LES. Pacientes y método: En este estudio transversal se compararon niveles de estrés mediante la Escala de Estrés Percibido y el Inventario de Vulnerabilidad al Estrés, y síntomas psicopatológicos mediante el Inventario de síntomas SCL-90-R, en pacientes con LES durante el período de confinamiento (grupo 1; n = 276) con respecto a pacientes con LES evaluadas en un período anterior a la pandemia (grupo 2; n = 152). Resultados: La comparación entre ambos grupos mostró que existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas en vulnerabilidad al estrés (p < 0,0001), depresión (p ≤ 0,05), ansiedad (p ≤ 0,05), ansiedad fóbica (p < 0,0001), sensibilidad interpersonal (p ≤ 0,043), y psicoticismo (p ≤ 0,023). En estas variables el grupo de pacientes con lupus en confinamiento obtuvo puntuaciones superiores. Conclusiones: El confinamiento y la amenaza del brote por COVID-19 ha tenido importantes repercusiones en el estado psicológico de las pacientes con LES, mostrando altos niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Estos hallazgos muestran su vulnerabilidad ante una alerta de salud pública, y señala la necesidad de realizar un abordaje psicológico de estas pacientes mientras dure el estado de emergencia sanitaria, así como ante posibles rebrotes del virus.Background and objective: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are more vulnerable to higher levels of stress and psychopathological symptoms than the general healthy population. Therefore, the COVID-19 outbreak could alter their psychological state. The objective was to analyze the psychological impact of the pandemic and confinement on stress levels and psychopathological symptoms in patients with SLE. Patients and method: In this cross-sectional study, stress levels were compared with the Perceived Stress Scale, the Stress Vulnerability Inventory and psychopathological symptoms of the SCL-90-R Symptom Inventory in patients with SLE during the period of confinement (group 1; n = 276) in comparison to patients with SLE evaluated in a period before the pandemic (group 2; n = 152). Results: The comparison between both groups showed there were statistically significant differences in vulnerability to stress (P < .0001), depression (P ≤ .05), anxiety (P ≤ .05), phobic anxiety (P < .0001), interpersonal sensitivity (P ≤ .043), and psychoticism (P ≤ .023). In these variables, the group of patients with lupus in confinement obtained higher scores. Conclusions: The confinement and threat of the COVID-19 outbreak had important repercussions on the psychological state of patients with SLE with high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. These findings show their vulnerability to a public health alert and indicate the need to carry out a psychological approach to these patients while the state of health emergency lasts as well as to possible outbreaks of the virus

Neurocognition and functional outcome in patients with psychotic, non-psychotic bipolar I disorder, and schizophrenia. A five-year follow-up

Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are characterized by neurocognitive and functional deficits with marked heterogeneity. It has been suggested that BD with a history of psychotic symptoms (BD-P) could constitute a phenotypically homogeneous subtype characterized by greater neurocognitive and functional impairments, or by a distinct trajectory of such deficits. The aim of this study was to compare the neurocognitive and functional course of euthymic BD-P, euthymic BD patients without a history of psychosis (BD-NP), stabilized patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects, during a five-year follow-up