Interdisciplinariedad en la innovación social frente a la despoblación rural

[EN] This article explores interdisciplinarity in social innovation facing rural depopulation. For this purpose, we analyse the diversity of disciplines involved in the social innovation initiatives registered in the database of the SIMRA research project that are addressing demographic challenges. The results of this analysis show a significant level of integration of scientific knowledge in the social innovation facing depopulation, which evidences the need for interdisciplinarity in fighting depopulation and also its analysis, as well as the existing margin for more scientific fields to participate in this type of social innovation.[ES] Este artículo explora la interdisciplinariedad en el enfrentamiento de la despoblación rural desde la innovación social. Para ello, analizamos la diversidad de disciplinas envueltas en las iniciativas de innovación social registradas en la base de datos del proyecto de investigación SIMRA orientadas a enfrentar desafíos demográficos. Los resultados de este análisis muestran un destacable nivel de integración de conocimiento científico en la innovación social frente a la despoblación, evidenciando el necesario carácter interdisciplinar de la lucha contra la despoblación y su análisis, así como el margen existente para que se informe este tipo de innovación social desde más campos científicos.Las autoras agradecen los comentarios de los dos revisores anónimos de la revista así como los de Maite Aguinaco, Bill Slee y Rosalind Bryce en distintos momentos del proceso de elaboración de este artículo. Este trabajo se ha realizado gracias al apoyo financiero del programa de investigación e innovación de la Unión Europea Horizonte 2020 en virtud del acuerdo de subvención 677622.Valero, DE.; López Marco, L. (2019). Interdisciplinarity in social innovation in the face of rural depopulation. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 19(1):17-36. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2019.01.02SWORD173619

The in vitro antigenicity of Plasmodium vivax rhoptry neck protein 2 (PvRON2) B- and T-epitopes selected by HLA-DRB1 binding profile

Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax is a neglected disease which is responsible for the highest morbidity in both Americas and Asia. Despite continuous public health efforts to prevent malarial infection, an effective antimalarial vaccine is still urgently needed. P. vivax vaccine development involves analyzing naturally-infected patients' immune response to the specific proteins involved in red blood cell invasion. The P. vivax rhoptry neck protein 2 (PvRON2) is a highly conserved protein which is expressed in late schizont rhoptries; it interacts directly with AMA-1 and might be involved in moving-junction formation. Bioinformatics approaches were used here to select B- and T-cell epitopes. Eleven high-affinity binding peptides were selected using the NetMHCIIpan-3.0 in silico prediction tool; their in vitro binding to HLA-DRB1*0401, HLA-DRB1*0701, HLA-DRB1*1101 or HLA-DRB1*1302 was experimentally assessed. Four peptides (39152 (HLA-DRB1*04 and 11), 39047 (HLA-DRB1*07), 39154 (HLADRB1*13) and universal peptide 39153) evoked a naturally-acquired T-cell immune response in P. vivax-exposed individuals from two endemic areas in Colombia. All four peptides had an SI greater than 2 in proliferation assays; however, only peptides 39154 and 39153 had significant differences compared to the control group. Peptide 39047 was able to significantly stimulate TNF and IL-10 production while 39154 stimulated TNF production. Allele-specific peptides (but not the universal one) were able to stimulate IL-6 production; however, none induced IFN-? production. The Bepipred 1.0 tool was used for selecting four B-cell epitopes in silico regarding humoral response. Peptide 39041 was the only one recognized by P. vivax-exposed individuals' sera and had significant differences concerning IgG subclasses; an IgG2 > IgG4 profile was observed for this peptide, agreeing with a protection-inducing role against P. falciparum and P. vivax as previously described for antigens such as RESA and MSP2. The bioinformatics results and in vitro evaluation reported here highlighted two T-cell epitopes (39047 and 39154) being recognized by memory cells and a B-cell epitope (39041) identified by P. vivax-exposed individuals' sera which could be used as potential candidates when designing a subunit-based vaccine. © 2018 López, Yepes-Pérez, Díaz-Arévalo, Patarroyo and Patarroyo

Results for the Atlantic cod, roughhead grenadier, redfish, thorny skate and black dogfish of the Spanish Survey in the NAFO Div. 3L for the period 2003-2010

Since 2003, a stratified random spring bottom trawl survey was conducted by Spain in the NAFO Regulatory Area of Division 3L (Flemish Pass). The surveys were carried out by the R/V “Vizconde de Eza” using bottom trawl net type Campelen. Entire series of mean catches, biomass and length distribution for Atlantic cod, roughhead grenadier, redfish, thorny skate and black dogfish are presented for the period 2003-2010

Results for the Atlantic cod, roughhead grenadier, redfish, thorny skate and black dogfish of the Spanish Survey in the NAFO Div. 3L for the period 2003-2012

Since 2003, a stratified random spring bottom trawl survey was conducted by Spain in Division 3L of NAFO Regulatory Area (Flemish Pass). The surveys were carried out by the R/V “Vizconde de Eza” using bottom trawl net type Campelen. Entire series of mean catches, biomass and length distribution for Atlantic cod, roughhead grenadier, redfish, thorny skate and black dogfish are presented for the period 2003-2012

Results for the Spanish Survey in the NAFO Regulatory Area of Division 3L for the period 2003-2011

Since 2003, a stratified random summer bottom trawl survey was conducted by Spain in the NAFO Regulatory Area of Division 3L (Flemish Pass). The surveys were carried out by the R/V “Vizconde de Eza” using bottom trawl net type Campelen. Entire series of mean catches, biomass and length distribution for Greenland halibut, American plaice and witch flounder are presented for the period 2003-2011. Greenland halibut biomass and abundance estimates show a decrease in the latest year; which represent one of the lowest values of the series. American plaice biomass has a slight increase this year. Regarding witch flounder, the biomass and abundance decreased in 2011, but there is no a clear trend in the period 2003-2011

Estrategias de aprendizaje y la comprensión de textos escritos del idioma inglés

This study responds to the attempt to establish the degree of relationship that exists between learning strategies with the understanding of written texts of the English language in the students of the Language Center of a Private University of Lima-North-2019. This research is non-experimental, descriptive and correlational design. It was carried out with a sample of 20 students from the Language Center. For data collection, a test questionnaire was applied per variable, which was previously validated according to the objectives of the study. The results indicate the existence of a significant correlation between learning strategies and reading comprehension, the significance value obtained being r=7,96, (p-valor <0.05). Concluding that there is a significant relationship between the variables learning strategies and comprehension of written texts of the English language.El estudio responde a la tentativa de establecer el grado de relación que existe entre las estrategias de aprendizaje con la comprensión de textos escritos del idioma inglés en los estudiantes del Centro de Idiomas de la Universidad Privada de Lima-Norte-2019. La presente investigación es no experimental, descriptiva y de diseño correlacional.  Se realizó con una muestra de 20 estudiantes del Centro de Idiomas. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó un cuestionario test por variable, que fueron previamente validados de acuerdo con los objetivos del estudio. Los resultados indican la existencia de una correlación significativa entre estrategias de aprendizaje y comprensión lectora, siendo el valor de significancia obtenido r=0,796, (p-valor <0.05). Llegando a la conclusión que existe una relación significativa entre las variables estrategias de aprendizaje y comprensión de textos escritos del idioma inglés

Micobacterias no-tuberculosa en pacientes registrados en un programa de control de tuberculosis en el suroccidente de Colombia

Introduction: Pulmonary disease produced by nontuberculous mycobacteria and pulmonary tuberculosis can share clinical signs and symptoms. It is important to discern one from the other in order to provide the proper treatment and programmatic management. Objective: To describe the frequency of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from patients registered in the tuberculosis control program in Cali. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study to know what extent of the pulmonary tuberculosis load in Cali-Colombia corresponds to nontuberculous mycobacteria, in a four-year period, 2014-2017. Demographic (sex, age, health insurance), clinical (diagnosis dates, laboratory data, comorbidities) and programmatic data (tuberculosis treatment initiation and duration) was collected for statistical analysis. Results: Of 3,651 patients registered in the local tuberculosis program with an initial diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, 2,904 had sputum culture and among them 1.5% (43/2904) had nontuberculous mycobacteria isolation rather than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most of the nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates were not identified at the species level; M. fortuitum and M. abscessus were the most common species identified. 86% of patients initiated unnecessary tuberculosis treatment. Conclusion: Nontuberculous mycobacteria isolation from pulmonary samples could be frequent in patients registered in the tuberculosis program in Cali, Colombia. The lack of clinical suspicion, the limited laboratory infrastructure, and the absence of a reporting system could be contributing factors to underestimate the importance of nontuberculous mycobacteria in this setting. We recommend that nontuberculous mycobacteria identification should be considered for public health intervention.Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar producida por micobacterias no-tuberculosas y la tuberculosis pulmonar pueden compartir signos y síntomas. Es importante discernir entre estas dos enfermedades para poder proveer un tratamiento y manejo adecuado para cada una. Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia de micobacterias no-tuberculosas aisladas de pacientes registrados en el programa de control en la ciudad de Cali. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo para conocer la carga de micobacterias no-tuberculosos con respecto a la tuberculosis pulmonar en Cali, Colombia, en un periodo de cuatro años (2004-2017). Datos demográficos (sexo, edad, aseguramiento en salud), clínicos (diagnóstico, de laboratorio y comorbilidades) y datos del programa (iniciación y duración del tratamiento) fueron recolectaron para los análisis. Resultados: del registro de 3,651 pacientes en el programa de tuberculosis con un diagnostico inicial de tuberculosis pulmonar, a 2,904 se les realizó cultivo de esputo y entre estos, 1.5% (43/2,904) se les aisló micobacteria no-tuberculosa en lugar de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. La mayoría de las micobacterias no-tuberculosas no se identificaron asta el nivel de especie. M. fortuitum y M. abscessus fueron las mas frecuentemente identificadas. El 86% de estos pacientes iniciaron un tratamiento innecesario contra la tuberculosis. Conclusiones: Fueron identificadas Micobacterias no-tuberculosas aisladas de esputo en pacientes del programa de control. La falta de sospecha clínica, la infraestructura limitada de los laboratorios y la ausencia de un sistema de información podría contribuir a subestimar la importancia de micobacterias no tuberculosas. Nosotros recomendamos que la identificación de estas bacterias debe considerarse en una intervención de salud pública

Donepezil alone and combined with intensive language-action therapy on depression and apathy in chronic post-stroke aphasia: A feasibility study

This study explored the feasibility and effectiveness of a short-term (10-week) intervention trial using Donepezil administered alone and combined with intensive language action therapy (ILAT) for the treatment of apathy and depression in ten people with chronic post-stroke aphasia. Outcome measures were the Western Aphasia Battery and the Stroke Aphasia Depression Questionnaire-21. Structural magnetic resonance imaging and 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography were acquired at baseline and after two endpoints (Donepezil alone and Donepezil-ILAT). The intervention was found to be feasible to implement. Large treatment effects were found. Donepezil alone and combined with ILAT reduced aphasia severity, while apathy and depression only improved with Donepezil-ILAT. Structural and functional neuroimaging data did not show conclusive results but provide hints for future research. Given these overall positive findings on feasibility, language and behavioral benefits, further studies in larger sample sizes and including a placebo-control group are indicated