Les dégagements phrénologiques du xixe siècle

O objetivo do artigo é explorar o que é possível rejeitar e retirar das manifestações frenológicas do século XIX de modo a determinar as suas emanações. De facto, apesar das suas errâncias e dos seus desvios, a frenologia, que se impôs como uma disciplina inovadora, infiltrou a ciência, influenciou a arte e invadiu a literatura.Os erros sobre os quais se constituiu permitiram o surgimento de algumas verdades

ProTheRaMon : a GATE simulation framework for proton therapy range monitoring using PET imaging

Objective. This paper reports on the implementation and shows examples of the use of the ProTheRaMon framework for simulating the delivery of proton therapy treatment plans and range monitoring using positron emission tomography (PET). ProTheRaMon offers complete processing of proton therapy treatment plans, patient CT geometries, and intra-treatment PET imaging, taking into account therapy and imaging coordinate systems and activity decay during the PET imaging protocol specific to a given proton therapy facility. We present the ProTheRaMon framework and illustrate its potential use case and data processing steps for a patient treated at the Cyclotron Centre Bronowice (CCB) proton therapy center in Krakow, Poland. Approach. The ProTheRaMon framework is based on GATE Monte Carlo software, the CASToR reconstruction package and in-house developed Python and bash scripts. The framework consists of five separated simulation and data processing steps, that can be further optimized according to the user’s needs and specific settings of a given proton therapy facility and PET scanner design. Main results. ProTheRaMon is presented using example data from a patient treated at CCB and the J-PET scanner to demonstrate the application of the framework for proton therapy range monitoring. The output of each simulation and data processing stage is described and visualized. Significance. We demonstrate that the ProTheRaMon simulation platform is a high-performance tool, capable of running on a computational cluster and suitable for multi-parameter studies, with databases consisting of large number of patients, as well as different PET scanner geometries and settings for range monitoring in a clinical environment. Due to its modular structure, the ProTheRaMon framework can be adjusted for different proton therapy centers and/or different PET detector geometries. It is available to the community via github (Borys et al 2022)

Lossless Compression of Grayscale Digital Image Based on Two-Dimensional Differential Prediction Algorithm

Rice algorithm, which has been recommended by Consultative Committee for Space Data System (CCSDS) for space telescope image lossless compression, is studied. Due to the similarity, this algorithm is applied on lossless compression of X-ray digital image after improvement and a satisfying compression rate is obtained. Firstly, the algorithm process is presented. Later on, the compression and decompression algorithms are implemented on PE's X-ray machine GECCO2505 and the flat panel detector PAXSCAN2520. Finally, the status of the technology is presented with its performance in X-ray digital image compression and decompression applications

Protocolo y Relaciones Institucionales

Protocol and institutional relations go hand in hand in most public institutions. Both functions are performed in the same department. But we must bear in mind that they are parallel fields but that it is necessary to differentiate to avoid that in the organization of events or events we divert the attention of the authentic public to whom they are directed.Protocolo y relaciones institucionales van de la mano en la mayoría de las instituciones públicas. En un mismo departamento se realizan ambas funciones. Pero hay que tener en cuenta que son campos paralelos pero que conviene diferenciar para evitar que en la organización de actos o eventos desviemos la atención de los auténticos públicos a los que los mismos van dirigidos.__________________________________Protocol and institutional relations go hand in hand in most public institutions. Both functions are performed in the same department. But we must bear in mind that they are parallel fields but that it is necessary to differentiate to avoid that in the organization of events or events we divert the attention of the authentic public to whom they are directed

Albert CAMUS a Kamel DAOUD

The thesis analyses novels l'Étranger and Meursault, contre-enquête, which represent an example of literary dialogue reflecting problems associated with postcolonial society. The comparison of texts shows changes made by Kamel Daoud and the shifting values taking place in this transformation. Emphasis is placed on the characters, and especially on the onomastic system, to illustrate the main difference in the message of selected novels. The introduction focuses on contradictory public perception of writers and their native country, Algeria. The main part compares semantic differences of these two books. To strengthen the comparison, the word frequency analysis has been used and it showed important disproportions between both texts. The conclusion discusses the crucial role of language, which in both cases is divided into two contradictory categories that are the source of certain tension. The result of this work is an interpretation of Daoud's work, in which the possibilities of new interpretations of Camus's work also appear, partly thanks to the comparison with texts written by important postcolonial theoreticians. The issue of searching for identity, presented in the literature since time immemorial, derives from the contact of two different cultures and occupies a significant place in Daoud's...Diplomová práce analyzuje romány l'Étranger a Meursault, contre-enquête, které představují příklad literárního dialogu, jenž odráží problémy spojené s postkoloniální společností. Srovnání textů ukazuje, jakým způsobem Kamel Daoud obměňuje původní text a k jakým hodnotovým posunům při této transformaci dochází. Důraz je kladen na jednotlivé postavy, na nichž se dá nejlépe ilustrovat odlišnost poselství vybraných románů, a to mimo jiné i díky rozboru onomastických systémů. V úvodu je pozornost věnována vzájemnému vztahu Alberta Camuse a Alžírska, který se zdá být značně rozporuplný. V hlavní části se detailně popisuje zmíněný významový posun mezi oběma díly, k čemuž dopomáhá porovnání počtu výskytů klíčových slov. Závěr se soustředí na důležitou roli jazyka, jenž je v obou případech rozdělen do dvou protichůdných kategorií, jež jsou zdrojem románového napětí. Výsledkem práce je interpretace Daoudova díla, v jejímž světle se rovněž objevují možnosti nových interpretací díla Camusova, a to obzvláště díky porovnání s texty významných teoretiků postkoloniálních studií. Do popředí vystupuje téma hledání identity, jež je motivováno kontaktem dvou odlišných kultur, ke kterému dochází od pradávna, což se odráží již v klasické mytologii, na kterou ve svých dílech oba autoři odkazují. Vzájemné propojení románů...Katedra francouzského jazyka a literaturyFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

Prompt-gamma monitoring in hadrontherapy: A review

International audienceSecondary radiation emission induced by nuclear reactions is correlated to the path of ions in matter. Therefore, such penetrating radiation can be used for in vivo control of hadrontherapy treatments, for which the primary beam is absorbed inside the patient. Among secondary radiations, prompt-gamma rays were proposed for real-time verification of ion range. Such a verification is a desired condition to reduce uncertainties in treatment planning. For more than a decade, efforts have been undertaken worldwide to promote prompt-gamma-based devices to be used in clinical conditions. Dedicated cameras are necessary to overcome the challenges of a broad- and high-energy distribution, a large background, high instantaneous count rates, and compatibility constraints with patient irradiation. Several types of prompt-gamma imaging devices have been proposed, that are either physically-collimated or electronically collimated (Compton cameras). Clinical tests are now undergoing. Meanwhile, other methods than direct prompt-gamma imaging were proposed, that are based on specific counting using either time-of-flight or photon energy measurements. In the present article, we make a review and discuss the state of the art for all techniques using prompt-gamma detection to improve the quality assurance in hadrontherapy

Learning SPECT detector response for Monte-Carlo simulations

International audienceThe use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was investigated to learn detector response in Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation of imaging systems in order to replace computationally costly particle tracking in the detector. The proposed method is applied to speed-up simulation of collimator-detector systems with Angular Response Function (ARF) for SPECT imaging

Learning SPECT detector angular response function with neural network for accelerating Monte-Carlo simulations

International audienc

Fission product experimental program: Validation and computational analysis

From 1998 to 2004, a series of critical experiments referred to as the fission product (FP) experimental program was performed at the Commissariat à I 'Energie Atomique Valduc research facility. The experiments were designed by Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) and funded by AREVA NC and IRSN within the French program supporting development of a technical basis for burnup credit validation. The experiments were performed with the following six key fission products encountered in solution either individually or as mixtures: 103Rh, 133Cs, natNd, 149Sm, 152Sm, and 155Gd. The program aimed at compensating for the lack of information on critical experiments involving FPs and at establishing a basis for FPs credit validation. One hundred forty-five critical experiments were performed, evaluated, and analyzed with the French CRISTAL criticality safety package and the American SCALE5.1 code system employing different cross-section libraries. The aim of the paper is to show the experimental data potential to improve the ability to perform validation of full burnup credit calculation. The paper describes three phases of the experimental program; the results of preliminary evaluation, the calculation, and the sensitivity/uncertainty study of the FP experiments used to validate the AP0LL02-M0RET 4 route in the CRISTAL criticality package for burnup credit applications