Ocio y cohesión social a lo largo de la vida

En un entorno en constante evolución como en el que vivimos, a veces nos preguntamos cuál es el papel del ocio en la vida de las personas. Este artículo pretende reflexionar y poner encima de la mesa algunos elementos que nos permitan observar de manera general el valor del ocio y de uno de sus ámbitos, como es el deporte, en la sociedad contemporánea y en particular como elemento de cohesión social a lo largo de la vida. Los valores básicos para fundamentar la ciudadanía tienen que ver con conceptos tales como la autonomía personal, la igualdad y la diversidad entendidos desde una perspectiva integradora. En la globalización actual en la que vivimos se encuentra inmerso lo cultural y lo educativo. El aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida permite tomar conciencia de lo local (lo personal) en lo social (lo global) convirtiéndose en un recurso importante para lograr el desarrollo individual y una mejora en la convivencia social.In a constantly changing environment as the one we live in, we sometimes wonder what the role of leisure is in the lives of people. This article aims to reflect and put on the table some elements that allow us to observe generally the value of leisure and one of its areas, such as sport, in contemporary society and in particular as an element of social cohesion throughout life. The core values to support citizenship have to do with personal autonomy, equality and diversity, understood from an integrative perspective. In the current state of globalization in which we live in, the cultural and educational appear embedded. Learning throughout life enable awareness of the local (personal) in the social (global) becoming an important resource for achieving individual development and improvement in social life

People with disabilities and Cultural Tourism: an unfinished reality

[Abstract] At the beginning of this century speak of the existence of the Right to Leisure should not be something surprising since this law is a social achievement recognized in many important statements by international bodies. In these early twenty-first century, Leisure being increasingly recognized as an element of the quality of life of societies and individuals. It can even be said that there has been an institutional recognition of this phenomenon, and public authorities are involved in economic and political issues, management of facilities, services, advertising, etc., of different leisure environments (culture, sports, tourism and recreation). It is part of the defense and claim the Right to Leisure since this is a right recognized in the Third Generation of Human Rights and as such are innate attributes to humans, ie , born to him and which are inseparable from its status person. Based on these ideas, it would be necessary to justify the right to the tourism and cultural tourism by people with disabilities, but the reality is that this is not always the case, since this right is not always guaranteed to all citizens.[Resumen] Las personas con discapacidad y el Turismo Cultural: una realidad inconclusa. Al inicio de este siglo XXI hablar de la existencia del Derecho al Ocio no debiera ser algo sorprendente puesto que, este derecho, es una conquista social reconocida en numerosas e importantes declaraciones de organismos internacionales. En estos inicios del siglo XXI, el Ocio está siendo reconocido cada vez más como un elemento de la calidad de vida de las sociedades y de los individuos. Incluso puede decirse que se ha producido un reconocimiento institucional de este fenómeno, y los poderes públicos están implicados en cuestiones económicas y políticas, gestión de equipamientos, servicios, publicidad, etc., de los diferentes entornos de ocio (cultura, deporte, turismo y recreación). Se parte de la defensa y reivindicación del Derecho al Ocio ya que éste es un derecho reconocido dentro de la Tercera Generación de Derechos Humanos y como tales son atributos innatos al ser humano, es decir, que nacen con él y que son inseparables de su condición de persona. Partiendo de estas ideas, no sería necesario justificar el derecho al disfrute del turismo y del turismo cultural por parte de las personas con discapacidad, pero la realidad demuestra que esto no siempre es así, puesto que este derecho no siempre está garantizado para todos los ciudadanos

Leisure and Social Cohesion throughout life

En un entorno en constante evolución como en el que vivimos, a veces nos preguntamos cuál es el papel del ocio en la vida de las personas. Este artículo pretende reflexionar y poner encima de la mesa algunos elementos que nos permitan observar de manera general el valor del ocio y de uno de sus ámbitos, como es el deporte, en la sociedad contemporánea y en particular como elemento de cohesión social a lo largo de la vida. Los valores básicos para fundamentar la ciudadanía tienen que ver con conceptos tales como la autonomía personal, la igualdad y la diversidad entendidos desde una perspectiva integradora. En la globalización actual en la que vivimos se encuentra inmerso lo cultural y lo educativo. El aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida permite tomar conciencia de lo local (lo personal) en lo social (lo global) convirtiéndose en un recurso importante para lograr el desarrollo individual y una mejora en la convivencia social.In a constantly changing environment as the one we live in, we sometimes wonder what the role of leisure is in the lives of people. This article aims to reflect and put on the table some elements that allow us to observe generally the value of leisure and one of its areas, such as sport, in contemporary society and in particular as an element of social cohesion throughout life. The core values to support citizenship have to do with personal autonomy, equality and diversity, understood from an integrative perspective. In the current state of globalization in which we live in, the cultural and educational appear embedded. Learning throughout life enable awareness of the local (personal) in the social (global) becoming an important resource for achieving individual development and improvement in social life

El Derecho al Turismo Cultural de las personas con discapacidad

At the beginning of this century speaking of the existence of the right to leisure should not be surprising since this law is a social achievement recognized in many important international declarations. As we begin the twenty-first century, Leisure is being increasingly recognized as an element of  quality of life of societies and individuals.It is part of the defense and vindication of the right to leisure as it is enshrined within the Third Generation of Human Rights and as such are innate attributes of human beings, that is, born with it and are inseparable from their condition of person. Based on these ideas, it would be necessary to justify the right to tourism and cultural tourism of people with disabilities, but the reality is that this is not always so, since this right is not always guaranteed for all citizens.This article, which intends to approach the concept of Right to Leisure, will approach the concept of law and its evolution, which includes the emergence of leisure as a human right. Continues to approach international agencies who have worked the right to leisure, from their different areas, focusing primarily on Culture and Tourism, to finally approach this reality in the context of the Spanish State. That is, present a brief analysis of international tourism and state regulations from the perspective of the disabled person, trying to show to what degree or extent international norms and state in the field of tourism has taken into account the constraints, demands and needs the tourist with all types of disabilities.Al inicio de este siglo XXI hablar de la existencia del Derecho al Ocio no debiera ser algo sorprendente puesto que, este derecho, es una conquista social reconocida en numerosas e importantes declaraciones de organismos internacionales. En estos inicios del siglo XXI, el Ocio está siendo reconocido cada vez más como un elemento de la calidad de vida de las sociedades y de los individuos. Incluso puede decirse que se ha producido un reconocimiento institucional de este fenómeno, y los poderes públicos están implicados en cuestiones económicas y políticas, gestión de equipamientos, servicios, publicidad, etc., de los diferentes entornos de ocio (cultura, deporte, turismo y recreación).Se parte de la defensa y reivindicación del Derecho al Ocio ya que éste es un derecho reconocido dentro de la Tercera Generación de Derechos Humanos y como tales son atributos innatos al ser humano, es decir, que nacen con él y que son inseparables de su condición de persona. Partiendo de estas ideas, no sería necesario justificar el derecho al disfrute del turismo y del turismo cultural por parte de las personas con discapacidad, pero la realidad demuestra que esto no siempre es así, puesto que este derecho no siempre está garantizado para todos los ciudadanos.Este artículo, que pretende ser una aproximación al concepto de Derecho al Ocio, hará un acercamiento al concepto de Derecho y su evolución, donde se incluye la aparición del Ocio como un derecho humano. Continúa acercándose a los organismos internacionales que han trabajado el Derecho al Ocio, desde sus diferentes ámbitos, centrándose fundamentalmente en la Cultura y el Turismo, para finalmente aproximarse a esta realidad en el contexto del Estado Español. Es decir, presentará un breve análisis de la normativa turística internacional y estatal desde la perspectiva de la persona con discapacidad, intentando mostrar en qué grado o medida la normativa internacional y estatal en el ámbito del turismo ha tenido en cuenta los condicionantes, demandas y necesidades del turista con cualquier tipo de discapacidad

Family leisure-time experiences of post-compulsory secondary education students

Este artículo pretende resaltar la importancia de las experiencias de ocio compartidas con la familia, entre otros, como ámbito de desarrollo juvenil, tomando en consideración la principal actividad de ocio de la juventud. Se analiza de manera comparada el grupo que realiza dicha actividad en familia, frente a aquellos que la realizan con otras personas, en relación al tipo de prácticas, beneficios percibidos, su vida familiar y la importancia que estas dan al ocio de sus hijos e hijas. Se realiza a través de la explotación de un cuestionario, con una muestra de jóvenes que cursan enseñanzas secundarias postobligatorias.The aim of the present article is to emphasise the importance of leisure-time experiences shared with the family, among others, as an area of youth development, considering the principal leisure-time activity of the youth. A group doing the previously mentioned activity with the family and others doing it with other people are analysed in a comparative manner. Regarding the type of the activities, the benefits, their family life and the significance all these have in the leisure time of their children. This information is obtained using a survey with a sample taken from Post-compulsory Secondary Education youth

A mild neurofibromatosis type 1 phenotype produced by the combination of the benign nature of a leaky NF1-splice mutation and the presence of a complex mosaicism

Here we analyze the genetic and molecular basis responsible for a very benign phenotype observed in an NF1 patient. Quantification of cells carrying the NF1 mutation in different samples derived from the three embryonic layers revealed mosaicism. Furthermore, the construction of a minigene with patient's mutation (c.3198 − 314G>A) confirmed its benign nature due to the leakiness of the splicing mechanism that generated a proportion of correctly spliced transcripts. Hence, we concluded that the mild phenotype observed in this patient is the result of the presence of mosaicism together with the benign nature of a leaky NF1-splice mutation. Finally, with the aim of developing a personalized therapeutic approach for this patient, we demonstrated correction of the splicing defect by using specific antisense morpholino oligomers. Our results provide an example of the molecular complexity behind disease phenotypes and highlight the importance of using comprehensive genetic approaches to better assess phenotype-genotype correlation

PRACTICUM II de Psicologia Mèdica en els Centres d'Atenció Primària sobre la comunicació no verbal en la relació metge-pacient

La Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica de la Facultat de Medicina de la UAB va posar en marxa durant el curs 2005/2006 el Practicum II de Psicologia Mèdica en els Centres d'Atenció Primària amb l'objectiu que els estudiants comencin a copsar la importància de les conductes i dels estats psicològics de les persones en els processos de salut-malaltia que es veuen en els Centres d'Atenció Primària (CAP). El Practicum està dedicat específicament als aspectes no verbals de la comunicació entre el professional de la salut i el pacient. L'experiència forma part de l'assignatura "Bases Psicològiques dels Estats de Salut i de Malaltia", impartida a segon curs de Medicina; s'inscriu en el paradigma de l'aprenentatge des de la pràctica que protagonitzen els professionals del sistema sanitari; i s'emmarca en el context d'un procés impulsat pels equips deganals de la Facultat de Medicina de la UAB des del curs 2004/2005 per tal d'apropar l'estudiant a la pràctica clínica des del primer curs de carrera i avançar cap a la consecució dels objectius que marquen les directrius europees. Cada alumne realitza dues visites programades a un CAP i participa en quatre sessions de tutoria a la Facultat en grups reduïts. En les visites al CAP, ha d'assistir a sessions de consulta amb diversos professionals de l'àmbit de la salut. Ha d'observar, identificar i enregistrar els elements no verbals que es descriuen en els objectius del Practicum i el context en què ocorren. A les sessions de tutories s'entrena els alumnes per a fer les observacions mitjançant material audiovisual i es discuteixen les observacions realitzades en els CAP. A més, també s'utilitza com a material una monografia específica sobre el tema. L'experiència es valora favorablement. tant des del punt de vista dels resultats obtinguts pels alumnes com per la seva satisfacció.The Medical Psychology Unit of the UAB School of Medicine initiated during the academic year 2005/2006 the Medical Psychology Practicum II in primary care centers with the goal that students realize the importance of human behaviors and psychological states in health-illness processes in primary care centers. The Practicum is specifically oriented to non verbal communication between the health professional and the patient. The experience is part of the subject "Psychological Bases of Health and Illness", taught in second course of Medicine; it is registered "learning from the practice" paradigm that professionals from the health system lead; and it is framed in the context of a process promoted by the UAB School of Medicine Deanship since the academic year 2004/2005 with the goal of bringing the clinical practice to the student from the first academic year and advancing towards the achievement of the goals that the European guidelines mark. Each student does two programmed visits to primary health center and participates in four tutorials of reduced groups in the Faculty. During the visits to the primary health center, he has to attend sessions of consultation with professionals from several health areas. He has to observe, to identify and to record the non verbal elements that are described in the Practicum goals and the context in which they occur. At the tutorials, students are trained to observe through audiovisual didactic material and the observations carried out at the primary health center are argued. Moreover, a specific monograph is also used as a specific material about the subject. The experience of these last two years has been satisfactory so for the professionals of the primary care centres as for the tutors and the students. The experience is valued favorably considering students' academic results and their satisfaction

Water Regulation in Cyanobacterial Biocrusts from Drylands: Negative Impacts of Anthropogenic Disturbance

Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are characterized by patchy vegetation and variable resource availability. The interplant spaces of these ecosystems are very often covered by cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts, which are the primary colonizers of terrestrial ecosystems and key in facilitating the succession of other biocrust organisms and plants. Cyanobacterial biocrusts regulate the horizontal and vertical fluxes of water, carbon and nutrients into and from the soil and play crucial hydrological, geomorphological and ecological roles in these ecosystems. In this paper, we analyze the influence of cyanobacterial biocrusts on water balance components (infiltration-runoff, evaporation, soil moisture and non-rainfall water inputs (NRWIs)) in representative semiarid ecosystems in southeastern Spain. The influence of cyanobacterial biocrusts, in two stages of their development, on runoff-infiltration was studied by rainfall simulation and in field plots under natural rainfall at different spatial scales. Results showed that cover, exopolysaccharide content, roughness, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available water holding capacity, aggregate stability, and other properties increased with the development of the cyanobacterial biocrust. Due to the effects on these soil properties, runoff generation was lower in well-developed than in incipient-cyanobacterial biocrusts under both simulated and natural rainfall and on different spatial scales. Runoff yield decreased at coarser spatial scales due to re-infiltration along the hillslope, thus decreasing hydrological connectivity. Soil moisture monitoring at 0.03 m depth revealed higher moisture content and slower soil water loss in plots covered by cyanobacterial biocrusts compared to bare soils. Non-rainfall water inputs were also higher under well-developed cyanobacterial biocrusts than in bare soils. Disturbance of cyanobacterial biocrusts seriously affected the water balance by increasing runoff, decreasing soil moisture and accelerating soil water loss, at the same time that led to a very significant increase in sediment yield. The recovery of biocrust cover after disturbance can be relatively fast, but its growth rate is strongly conditioned by microclimate. The results of this paper show the important influence of cyanobacterial biocrust in modulating the different processes supporting the capacity of these ecosystems to provide key services such as water regulation or erosion control, and also the important impacts of their anthropic disturbance

Comprehensive establishment and characterization of orthoxenograft mouse models of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors for personalized medicine

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are soft-tissue sarcomas that can arise either sporadically or in association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). These aggressive malignancies confer poor survival, with no effective therapy available. We present the generation and characterization of five distinct MPNST orthoxenograft models for preclinical testing and personalized medicine. Four of the models are patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTX), two independent MPNSTs from the same NF1 patient and two from different sporadic patients. The fifth model is an orthoxenograft derived from an NF1-related MPNST cell line. All MPNST orthoxenografts were generated by tumor implantation, or cell line injection, next to the sciatic nerve of nude mice, and were perpetuated by 7-10 mouse-to-mouse passages. The models reliably recapitulate the histopathological properties of their parental primary tumors. They also mimic distal dissemination properties in mice. Human stroma was rapidly lost after MPNST engraftment and replaced by murine stroma, which facilitated genomic tumor characterization. Compatible with an origin in a catastrophic event and subsequent genome stabilization, MPNST contained highly altered genomes that remained remarkably stable in orthoxenograft establishment and along passages. Mutational frequency and type of somatic point mutations were highly variable among the different MPNSTs modeled, but very consistent when comparing primary tumors with matched orthoxenografts generated. Unsupervised cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) using an MPNST expression signature of ~1,000 genes grouped together all primary tumor-orthoxenograft pairs. Our work points to differences in the engraftment process of primary tumors compared with the engraftment of established cell lines. Following standardization and extensive characterization and validation, the orthoxenograft models were used for initial preclinical drug testing. Sorafenib (a BRAF inhibitor), in combination with doxorubicin or rapamycin, was found to be the most effective treatment for reducing MPNST growth. The development of genomically well-characterized preclinical models for MPNST allowed the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies for personalized medicine

Comprehensive establishment and characterization of orthoxenograft mouse models of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors for personalized medicine

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are soft-tissue sarcomas that can arise either sporadically or in association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). These aggressive malignancies confer poor survival, with no effective therapy available. We present the generation and characterization of five distinct MPNST orthoxenograft models for preclinical testing and personalized medicine. Four of the models are patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTX), two independent MPNSTs from the same NF1 patient and two from different sporadic patients. The fifth model is an orthoxenograft derived from an NF1-related MPNST cell line. All MPNST orthoxenografts were generated by tumor implantation, or cell line injection, next to the sciatic nerve of nude mice, and were perpetuated by 7-10 mouse-to-mouse passages. The models reliably recapitulate the histopathological properties of their parental primary tumors. They also mimic distal dissemination properties in mice. Human stroma was rapidly lost after MPNST engraftment and replaced by murine stroma, which facilitated genomic tumor characterization. Compatible with an origin in a catastrophic event and subsequent genome stabilization, MPNST contained highly altered genomes that remained remarkably stable in orthoxenograft establishment and along passages. Mutational frequency and type of somatic point mutations were highly variable among the different MPNSTs modeled, but very consistent when comparing primary tumors with matched orthoxenografts generated. Unsupervised cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) using an MPNST expression signature of ~1,000 genes grouped together all primary tumor-orthoxenograft pairs. Our work points to differences in the engraftment process of primary tumors compared with the engraftment of established cell lines. Following standardization and extensive characterization and validation, the orthoxenograft models were used for initial preclinical drug testing. Sorafenib (a BRAF inhibitor), in combination with doxorubicin or rapamycin, was found to be the most effective treatment for reducing MPNST growth. The development of genomically well-characterized preclinical models for MPNST allowed the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies for personalized medicine