Multistep Fractionation of Microalgal Biomolecules Using Selective Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

We aim to develop liquid-liquid extraction processes for the fractionation of microalgal components (proteins, pigments, lipids, and carbohydrates). The partitioning behavior of microalgal pigments and proteins in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) composed of the polymer polypropylene glycol with molecular weight 400 (PPG 400) + various cholinium based-ionic liquids was studied. A process for fractionation of multiple components from disrupted Neochloris oleoabundans was developed and evaluated. Results show that cholinium dihydrogen phosphate (Ch DHp) allows the fractionation of pigments in the PPG 400-rich phase and proteins in the Ch DHp-rich phase with high selectivity. It was demonstrated that a multiproduct approach can fractionate free glucose, and proteins in the ionic liquid-rich phase, pigments in the polymer-rich phase, while starch and lipids are recovered at the interface.</p

Human Resources in the World

This paper is devoted to the topic of labor in the economy. The dynamics and structure of labor resources and factors of its change, as well as the labor resource requirements for the economy and the factors of its change are considered. The volume of labor resources depends both on internal (changes in the birth rate, increase in life expectancy), and on external factors (labor migration). In turn, the structure of the workforce depends on the degree of well-being and the level of education. Also, labor resources are influenced by an increase in the active life span and an increase in the tendency for the participation of older persons in the work. The needs for labor resources are determined by the type of economic development (intensive or extensive), the stage of economic development (agrarian, industrial and post-industrial) and the level of automation, computerization and mechanization

Fatigue of survivors following cardiac surgery: Positive influences of preoperative prayer coping

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93766/1/j.2044-8287.2012.02068.x.pd