Introduction

The historiography of the Great War has been significantly renewed in recent years; yet, despite its crucial social, economic, and cultural importance, the role that fashion played in shaping wartime experiences and economies on an international scale between 1914 and 1918 has largely gone unaddressed. Fashion, Society, and the First World War fills this gap by offering a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the war on the ways that the fashion industry functioned in a global wartime economy, as well as on the ways that women and men negotiated this new world. With an international, thematic approach, and illustrated in full color throughout, this volume discusses the reconfiguration of the fashion industry, wartime style and production, and the reframing of selfhood, gender roles, and national identity through visual, print and material culture. Through analysis of archives, visual chronicles, press, and garments, and covering an impressive range of topics, from the feathered showgirl in Paris to the evolution of pilots' uniforms, these exciting essays show how fashion, even temporarily, encouraged the articulation of an identity, a society, and a nation. Fashion, Society, and the First World War provides an extensive overview by leading fashion historians on an industry in the midst of major transformation and is both an invaluable guide and starting point for all researchers, curators, and students interested in fashion history and the cultural history of the period

The Escherichia coli Serogroup O1 and O2 Lipopolysaccharides Are Encoded by Multiple O-antigen Gene Clusters

Escherichia coli strains belonging to serogroups O1 and O2 are frequently associated with human infections, especially extra-intestinal infections such as bloodstream infections or urinary tract infections. These strains can be associated with a large array of flagellar antigens. Because of their frequency and clinical importance, a reliable detection of E. coli O1 and O2 strains and also the frequently associated K1 capsule is important for diagnosis and source attribution of E. coli infections in humans and animals. By sequencing the O-antigen clusters of various O1 and O2 strains we showed that the serogroups O1 and O2 are encoded by different sets of O-antigen encoding genes and identified potentially new O-groups. We developed qPCR- assays to detect the various O1 and O2 variants and the K1-encoding gene. These qPCR assays proved to be 100% sensitive and 100% specific and could be valuable tools for the investigations of zoonotic and food-borne infection of humans with O1 and O2 extra-intestinal (ExPEC) or Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains

Antiguidade e modernidade na Teoria do romance de Georg Lukács

This article aims to illuminate the contrast between ancient and modern world formulated by Lukács in his work The Theory of the Novel. In order to do this, we turn back to a debate on Aesthetics from the XVIII century Germany, where the search for the fundamentals of modern art leads the debate to the construction of a contrast between an organic culture, filled with meaning, located in a mythical conception of Greece, and a splitted and fragmented world, which corresponds to the modern era. Friedrich Schlegel’s reflections on this subject are taken into special account here, since he treated this comparison in a historical way more so than his contemporaries. Following this, we point to the specificities of Lukács’ approach to the issue, which is more attuned to the historical and social basis of the process that culminated in the loss of a unitary meaning for life in modernity. We seek to show how this perception makes possible for Lukács to point out the limits of the romantic solutions to the splitted character of modernity.Este artigo orienta-se pelo esforço de esmiuçar as características da contraposição entre mundo antigo e mundo moderno formulada por Lukács em sua obra A teoria do romance. Para esse objetivo, parte-se de uma recuperação de certo debate estético alemão no século XVIII, momento no qual a busca pelos fundamentos da arte moderna leva à formulação do contraste entre uma cultura orgânica e plena de sentido, localizada em uma Grécia mítica, e um mundo cindido e fragmentado, que corresponderia à época moderna. As reflexões de Friedrich Schlegel ganham atenção especial aqui, na medida em que tratam essa contraposição de maneira mais histórica do que as de seus contemporâneos. Em seguida, são apontadas as especificidades da abordagem de Lukács acerca da questão, baseadas em uma apreensão mais atenta aos fundamentos histórico-sociais que envolvem a perda de um sentido unitário para a vida na modernidade. Essa percepção permite a Lukács apontar os limites da solução aventada pelos românticos para a superação do caráter cindido da modernidade

Fatal case of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in an adult due to a rare serogroup O91 Entero hemorrhagic Escherichia coli associated with a Clostridium difficile infection. More than meets the eye

AbstractHemolytic-uremic syndrome due to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, belonging to serogroup O91 has rarely been described. We report here a case of post-diarrheal HUS due to EHEC O91 in an elderly patient for whom diagnosis was delayed given a previously diagnosed C. difficile infection. This case highlights the usefulness of Shiga-toxin detection

Plasma membrane H⁺ -ATPase regulation is required for auxin gradient formation preceding phototropic growth.

Phototropism is a growth response allowing plants to align their photosynthetic organs toward incoming light and thereby to optimize photosynthetic activity. Formation of a lateral gradient of the phytohormone auxin is a key step to trigger asymmetric growth of the shoot leading to phototropic reorientation. To identify important regulators of auxin gradient formation, we developed an auxin flux model that enabled us to test in silico the impact of different morphological and biophysical parameters on gradient formation, including the contribution of the extracellular space (cell wall) or apoplast. Our model indicates that cell size, cell distributions, and apoplast thickness are all important factors affecting gradient formation. Among all tested variables, regulation of apoplastic pH was the most important to enable the formation of a lateral auxin gradient. To test this prediction, we interfered with the activity of plasma membrane H⁺ -ATPases that are required to control apoplastic pH. Our results show that H⁺ -ATPases are indeed important for the establishment of a lateral auxin gradient and phototropism. Moreover, we show that during phototropism, H⁺ -ATPase activity is regulated by the phototropin photoreceptors, providing a mechanism by which light influences apoplastic pH

Need and importance of health protection training in Nepal

By investing in health protection, the health of the nation can be safeguarded from future threats of uncontrolled infectious disease epidemics and disasters