Hydroformylation of 1-octene in microemulsion

Die Hydroformylierung ist ein bedeutendes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aldehyden. Im zweiphasigen Ruhrchemie/Rhône-Poulenc Prozess (RCH/RP) wird der Homogenkatalysator durch einen wasserlöslichen Liganden in einer wässrigen Phase immobilisiert. Dadurch verbinden sich die Vorteile der homogenen Katalyse (hohe Aktivitäten und Selektivitäten) mit denen der heterogenen Katalyse (einfaches Katalysatorrecycling). In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss von Alkylpolyethylenglykolethern auf die Aktivität und Selektivität bei der Hydroformylierung von 1-Octen im Zweiphasensystem untersucht. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass der Katalysator in diesem zweiphasigen System an zwei Orten aktiv ist. An der flüssig-flüssig-Phasengrenze, wo hauptsächlich hydroformylierungen ablaufen und im Kern der organischen Phase. Hier reagiert der Katalysator deutlich unselektiver, mit einem hohen Anteil der Doppelbindungsisomerisierung. Auf Basis dieser Erkenntnis wurde ein Reaktionsmodell erstellt das mit Hilfe des Phasenverhaltens des Systems die Anfangs¬reaktions¬geschwindig¬keit sowie die Selektivität der Reaktion berechnet. Der Aufbau der Modellgleichung folgt der Aufteilung der Reaktion auf zwei Reaktionsorte und beschreibt in einer Teilgleichung die Hydroformylierungsreaktion an der Grenzfläche und in der anderen Teilgleichung die Isomerisierung im Kern der organischen Phase. Das Modell kommt im Gegensatz zu den bisherigen kinetischen Modellen mit nur einer geringen Anzahl an Modellparametern aus.The hydroformylation is an important application to the production of aldehydes. In the Ruhrchemie/Rhône-Poulenc (RCH/RP) two phase process, the homogeneous catalyst can be immobilised in aqueous phase by water-soluble ligands. This process combines the advantages of the homogeneous catalysis (high activity and selectivity) with those of the heterogeneous catalysis (an easy catalyst recycling). In this work the influence of non-ionic surfactants isodecanol polyethoxylate on the activity and selectivity of the hydroformylation of 1-octene in a two phase liquid-liquid system has been investigated. It has been found that the catalyst can be active at the liquid-liquid interface, where the hydroformylation take place, and in the bulk of the organic phase, where the catalyst reacts clearly unselective, leading to high fraction of the double bond isomerisation. On the base of this knowledge a reaction model has been proposed with respect to the phase behaviour of the liquid system, the initial reaction rate as well as the selectivity of the reaction. The structure of the model equation follows the allocation of the reaction to two reaction places and describes in a partial equation the hydroformylation at the liquid-liquid interface and in the other partial equation the isomerisation in the bulk of the organic phase. The proposed correlation is based contrary to the past kinetic models on less number of model parameters

Neue soziale Dienstleistungen nach SGB II

"Das besondere Profil der Dienstleistung, die im Rahmen von 'Hartz IV' Gestalt annimmt, blieb bislang unklar - nach wie vor bilden Leistungsprozesse für die Arbeitsmarktforschung weitgehend eine 'black box'. In einer Konzeptstudie im Auftrag des IAB beobachtete ein Team des Soziologischen Forschungsinstituts (SOFI) an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen in 20 Fällen bei drei Grundsicherungsträgern über sechs Monate hinweg Interaktionen zwischen Fachkräften und erwerbsfähigen Hilfebedürftigen. Der IAB-Forschungsbericht fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse eines ausführlichen Abschlussberichts zusammen. Die Konzeptstudie ging von der Annahme aus, dass im neuen Leistungssystem der Grundsicherung auch eine neuartige Dienstleistung entsteht, die hier als Fallbearbeitung bezeichnet wird. Wie viel Beratung, Vermittlung und Fallmanagement sie enthält, wurde nicht normativ vorausgesetzt, sondern sollte empirisch geklärt werden. Im beobachteten Gesprächsmaterial wurden wiederkehrende Interaktionsmuster identifiziert, die als 'Standardsequenzen' beschrieben und vier Gesprächsfunktionen zugeordnet wurden: Das Gespräch, die Dienstleistungsbeziehung, die Inhalte der Fallbearbeitung und das Verwaltungsverfahren zu organisieren. Der Aktivierungsauftrag der Grundsicherungsträger passte unterschiedlich gut auf die beobachteten Fälle: Der Bericht unterscheidet vermittlungsorientierte Arbeitsuchende, solche mit Vermittlungshemmnissen und resignierte Arbeitslose. Der Bericht macht sieben zentrale Probleme der Dienstleistungsqualität in der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende aus: die zeitliche Verfügbarkeit der Fachkräfte, den Konflikt zwischen standardisierten Abläufen und Einzelfallgrundsatz, den Aktivierungsauftrag als hierarchische Beziehung, die Aushandlung der zu bearbeitenden Themen, die Arbeitsteilung zwischen Ansprechpartnern, Sachbearbeitung und fallbeteiligten Dritten, die Rechtsunsicherheit in der Fallbearbeitung und die Unsicherheit über die Berücksichtigung der Bedarfsgemeinschaft. Der Bericht empfiehlt, Aushandlungsprozessen zwischen Fachkräften und Arbeitsuchenden mehr Spielraum zu geben. Er schließt mit der Empfehlung, die verlaufsorientierte Beobachtung von Leistungsprozessen stärker für die Arbeitsmarktforschung und für die Qualitätssicherung zu nutzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Grundsicherung nach SGB II, Arbeitslosengeld II-Empfänger, Case Management, Arbeitsvermittler

Automatic thumbnail selection for soccer videos using machine learning

Thumbnail selection is a very important aspect of online sport video presentation, as thumbnails capture the essence of important events, engage viewers, and make video clips attractive to watch. Traditional solutions in the soccer domain for presenting highlight clips of important events such as goals, substitutions, and cards rely on the manual or static selection of thumbnails. However, such approaches can result in the selection of sub-optimal video frames as snapshots, which degrades the overall quality of the video clip as perceived by viewers, and consequently decreases viewership, not to mention that manual processes are expensive and time consuming. In this paper, we present an automatic thumbnail selection system for soccer videos which uses machine learning to deliver representative thumbnails with high relevance to video content and high visual quality in near real-time. Our proposed system combines a software framework which integrates logo detection, close-up shot detection, face detection, and image quality analysis into a modular and customizable pipeline, and a subjective evaluation framework for the evaluation of results. We evaluate our proposed pipeline quantitatively using various soccer datasets, in terms of complexity, runtime, and adherence to a pre-defined rule-set, as well as qualitatively through a user study, in terms of the perception of output thumbnails by end-users. Our results show that an automatic end-to-end system for the selection of thumbnails based on contextual relevance and visual quality can yield attractive highlight clips, and can be used in conjunction with existing soccer broadcast pipelines which require real-time operation

Neue soziale Dienstleistungen nach SGB II

"Das besondere Profil der Dienstleistung, die im Rahmen von 'Hartz IV' Gestalt annimmt, blieb bislang unklar - nach wie vor bilden Leistungsprozesse für die Arbeitsmarktforschung weitgehend eine 'black box'. In einer Konzeptstudie im Auftrag des IAB beobachtete ein Team des Soziologischen Forschungsinstituts (SOFI) an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen in 20 Fällen bei drei Grundsicherungsträgern über sechs Monate hinweg Interaktionen zwischen Fachkräften und erwerbsfähigen Hilfebedürftigen. Der IAB-Forschungsbericht fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse eines ausführlichen Abschlussberichts zusammen. Die Konzeptstudie ging von der Annahme aus, dass im neuen Leistungssystem der Grundsicherung auch eine neuartige Dienstleistung entsteht, die hier als Fallbearbeitung bezeichnet wird. Wie viel Beratung, Vermittlung und Fallmanagement sie enthält, wurde nicht normativ vorausgesetzt, sondern sollte empirisch geklärt werden. Im beobachteten Gesprächsmaterial wurden wiederkehrende Interaktionsmuster identifiziert, die als 'Standardsequenzen' beschrieben und vier Gesprächsfunktionen zugeordnet wurden: Das Gespräch, die Dienstleistungsbeziehung, die Inhalte der Fallbearbeitung und das Verwaltungsverfahren zu organisieren. Der Aktivierungsauftrag der Grundsicherungsträger passte unterschiedlich gut auf die beobachteten Fälle: Der Bericht unterscheidet vermittlungsorientierte Arbeitsuchende, solche mit Vermittlungshemmnissen und resignierte Arbeitslose. Der Bericht macht sieben zentrale Probleme der Dienstleistungsqualität in der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende aus: die zeitliche Verfügbarkeit der Fachkräfte, den Konflikt zwischen standardisierten Abläufen und Einzelfallgrundsatz, den Aktivierungsauftrag als hierarchische Beziehung, die Aushandlung der zu bearbeitenden Themen, die Arbeitsteilung zwischen Ansprechpartnern, Sachbearbeitung und fallbeteiligten Dritten, die Rechtsunsicherheit in der Fallbearbeitung und die Unsicherheit über die Berücksichtigung der Bedarfsgemeinschaft. Der Bericht empfiehlt, Aushandlungsprozessen zwischen Fachkräften und Arbeitsuchenden mehr Spielraum zu geben. Er schließt mit der Empfehlung, die verlaufsorientierte Beobachtung von Leistungsprozessen stärker für die Arbeitsmarktforschung und für die Qualitätssicherung zu nutzen." (Autorenreferat

Clec12a Is an Inhibitory Receptor for Uric Acid Crystals that Regulates Inflammation in Response to Cell Death

SummaryRecognition of cell death by the innate immune system triggers inflammatory responses. However, how these reactions are regulated is not well understood. Here, we identify the inhibitory C-type lectin receptor Clec12a as a specific receptor for dead cells. Both human and mouse Clec12a could physically sense uric acid crystals (monosodium urate, MSU), which are key danger signals for cell-death-induced immunity. Clec12a inhibited inflammatory responses to MSU in vitro, and Clec12a-deficient mice exhibited hyperinflammatory responses after being challenged with MSU or necrotic cells and after radiation-induced thymocyte killing in vivo. Thus, we identified a negative regulatory MSU receptor that controls noninfectious inflammation in response to cell death that has implications for autoimmunity and inflammatory disease

Corrigendum to "Translating big data to better treatment in bipolar disorder - a manifesto for coordinated action [European Neuropsychopharmacology (2020) 36, 121-136]"

The authors regret that there was an error in the author list, this should appear as above. The authors apologise for any inconvenience caused

Translating big data to better treatment in bipolar disorder - a manifesto for coordinated action

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major healthcare and socio-economic challenge. Despite its substantial burden on society, the research activity in BD is much smaller than its economic impact appears to demand. There is a consensus that the accurate identification of the underlying pathophysiology for BD is fundamental to realize major health benefits through better treatment and preventive regimens. However, to achieve these goals requires coordinated action and innovative approaches to boost the discovery of the neurobiological underpinnings of BD, and rapid translation of research findings into development and testing of better and more specific treatments. To this end, we here propose that only a large-scale coordinated action can be successful in integrating international big-data approaches with real-world clinical interventions. This could be achieved through the creation of a Global Bipolar Disorder Foundation, which could bring government, industry and philanthropy together in common cause. A global initiative for BD research would come at a highly opportune time given the seminal advances promised for our understanding of the genetic and brain basis of the disease and the obvious areas of unmet clinical need. Such an endeavour would embrace the principles of open science and see the strong involvement of user groups and integration of dissemination and public involvement with the research programs. We believe the time is right for a step change in our approach to understanding, treating and even preventing BD effectively

ART in Europe, 2016 : results generated from European registries by ESHRE

STUDY QUESTION: What are the reported data on cycles in ART, IUI and fertility preservation (FP) interventions in 2016 as compared to previous years, as well as the main trends over the years? SUMMARY ANSWER: The 20th ESHRE report on ART and IUI shows a progressive increase in reported treatment cycle numbers in Europe, with a decrease in the number of transfers with more than one embryo causing a reduction of multiple delivery rates (DR), as well as higher pregnancy rates and DR after frozen embryo replacement (FER) compared to fresh IVF and ICSI cycles, while the outcomes for IUI cycles remained stable. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Since 1997, ART aggregated data generated by national registries, clinics or professional societies have been collected, analysed by the European IVF-monitoring Consortium (EIM) and reported in 19 manuscripts published in Human Reproduction and Human Reproduction Open. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Yearly collection of European medically assisted reproduction (MAR) data by EIM for ESHRE. The data on treatments performed between 1 January and 31 December 2016 in 40 European countries were provided by either National Registries or registries based on personal initiatives of medical associations and scientific organizations. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: In all, 1347 clinics offering ART services in 40 countries reported a total of 918 159 treatment cycles, involving 156 002 with IVF, 407 222 with ICSI, 248 407 with FER, 27 069 with preimplantation genetic testing, 73 927 with egg donation (ED), 654 with IVM of oocytes and 4878 cycles with frozen oocyte replacement (FOR). European data on IUI using husband/partner’s semen (IUI-H) and donor semen (IUI-D) were reported from 1197 institutions offering IUI in 29 and 24 countries, respectively. A total of 162 948 treatments with IUI-H and 50 467 treatments with IUI-D were included. A total of 13 689 FP interventions from 11 countries including oocyte, ovarian tissue, semen and testicular tissue banking in pre-and postpubertal patients were reported. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: In 20 countries (18 in 2015) with a total population of approximately 325 million inhabitants, in which all ART clinics reported to the registry, a total of 461 401 treatment cycles were performed, corresponding to a mean of 1410 cycles per million inhabitants (range 82–3088 per million inhabitants). In the 40 reporting countries, after IVF the clinical pregnancy rates (PR) per aspiration and per transfer in 2016 were similar to those observed in 2015 (28.0% and 34.8% vs 28.5% and 34.6%, respectively). After ICSI, the corresponding rates were also similar to those achieved in 2015 (25% and 33.2% vs 26.2% and 33.2%). After FER with own embryos, the PR per thawing is still on the rise, from 29.2% in 2015 to 30.9% in 2016. After ED, the PR per fresh embryo transfer was 49.4% (49.6% in 2015) and per FOR 43.6% (43.4% in 2015). In IVF and ICSI together, the trend towards the transfer of fewer embryos continues with the transfer of 1, 2, 3 and 4 embryos in 41.5%, 51.9%, 6.2% and 0.4% of all treatments, respectively (corresponding to 37.7%, 53.9%, 7.9% and 0.5% in 2015). This resulted in a proportion of singleton, twin and triplet DRs of 84.8%, 14.9% and 0.3%, respectively (compared to 83.1%, 16.5% and 0.4%, respectively in 2015). Treatments with FER in 2016 resulted in twin and triplet DR of 11.9% and 0.2%, respectively (vs 12.3% and 0.3% in 2015). After IUI, the DRs remained similar at 8.9% after IUI-H (7.8% in 2015) and at 12.4% after IUI-D (12.0% in 2015). Twin and triplet DRs after IUI-H were 8.8% and 0.3%, respectively (in 2015: 8.9% and 0.5%) and 7.7% and 0.4% after IUI-D (in 2015: 7.3% and 0.6%). The majority of FP interventions included the cryopreservation of ejaculated sperm (n¼7877 from 11 countries) and of oocytes (n¼4907 from eight countries). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: As the methods of data collection and levels of completeness of reported data vary among European countries, the results should be interpreted with caution. A number of countries failed to provide adequate data about the number of initiated cycles and deliveries. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The 20th ESHRE report on ART and IUI shows a continuous increase of reported treatment numbers and MAR-derived livebirths in Europe. Being already the largest data collection on MAR in Europe, continuous efforts to stimulate data collection and reporting strive for future quality control of the data, transparency and vigilance in the field of reproductive medicine.The study has no external funding and all costs were covered by ESHRE.peer-reviewe

ART in Europe, 2017: results generated from European registries by ESHRE

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Study question: What are the data on ART and IUI cycles, and fertility preservation (FP) interventions reported in 2017 as compared to previous years, as well as the main trends over the years? Summary answer: The 21st ESHRE report on ART and IUI shows the continual increase in reported treatment cycle numbers in Europe, with a decrease in the proportion of transfers with more than one embryo causing an additional slight reduction of multiple delivery rates (DR) as well as higher pregnancy rates (PR) and DR after frozen embryo replacement (FER) compared to fresh IVF and ICSI cycles, while the number of IUI cycles increased and their outcomes remained stable. What is known already: Since 1997, ART aggregated data generated by national registries, clinics or professional societies have been gathered and analyzed by the European IVF-monitoring Consortium (EIM) and communicated in a total of 20 manuscripts published in Human Reproduction and Human Reproduction Open. Study design size duration: Data on European medically assisted reproduction (MAR) are collected by EIM for ESHRE on a yearly basis. The data on treatments performed between 1 January and 31 December 2017 in 39 European countries were provided by either National Registries or registries based on personal initiatives of medical associations and scientific organizations. Participants/materials setting methods: Overall, 1382 clinics offering ART services in 39 countries reported a total of 940 503 treatment cycles, including 165 379 with IVF, 391 379 with ICSI, 271 476 with FER, 37 303 with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), 69 378 with egg donation (ED), 378 with IVM of oocytes, and 5210 cycles with frozen oocyte replacement (FOR). A total of 1273 institutions reported data on 207 196 IUI cycles using either husband/partner's semen (IUI-H; n = 155 794) or donor semen (IUI-D; n = 51 402) in 30 countries and 25 countries, respectively. Thirteen countries reported 18 888 interventions for FP, including oocyte, ovarian tissue, semen and testicular tissue banking in pre- and postpubertal patients. Main results and the role of chance: In 21 countries (20 in 2016) in which all ART clinics reported to the registry, 473 733 treatment cycles were registered for a total population of approximately 330 million inhabitants, allowing a best-estimate of a mean of 1435 cycles performed per million inhabitants (range: 723-3286).Amongst the 39 reporting countries, the clinical PR per aspiration and per transfer in 2017 were similar to those observed in 2016 (26.8% and 34.6% vs 28.0% and 34.8%, respectively). After ICSI the corresponding rates were also similar to those achieved in 2016 (24% and 33.5% vs 25% and 33.2% in 2016). When freeze all cycles were removed, the clinical PRs per aspiration were 30.8% and 27.5% for IVF and ICSI, respectively.After FER with embryos originating from own eggs the PR per thawing was 30.2%, which is comparable to 30.9% in 2016, and with embryos originating from donated eggs it was 41.1% (41% in 2016). After ED the PR per fresh embryo transfer was 49.2% (49.4% in 2016) and per FOR 43.3% (43.6% in 2016).In IVF and ICSI together, the trend towards the transfer of fewer embryos continues with the transfer of 1, 2, 3 and ≥4 embryos in 46.0%, 49.2%, 4.5% and in 0.3% of all treatments, respectively (corresponding to 41.5%, 51.9%. 6.2% and 0.4% in 2016). This resulted in a reduced proportion of twin DRs of 14.2% (14.9% in 2016) and stable triplet DR of 0.3%. Treatments with FER in 2017 resulted in a twin and triplet DR of 11.2% and 0.2%, respectively (vs 11.9% and 0.2% in 2016).After IUI, the DRs remained similar at 8.7% after IUI-H (8.9% in 2016) and at 12.4% after IUI-D (12.4.0% in 2016). Twin and triplet DRs after IUI-H were 8.1% and 0.3%, respectively (in 2016: 8.8% and 0.3%) and 6.9% and 0.2% after IUI-D (in 2016: 7.7% and 0.4%). Amongst 18 888 FP interventions in 13 countries, cryopreservation of ejaculated sperm (n = 11 112 vs 7877 from 11 countries in 2016) and of oocytes (n = 6588 vs 4907 from eight countries in 2016) were the most frequently reported. Limitations reasons for caution: As the methods of data collection and levels of reporting vary amongst European countries, interpretation of results should remain cautious. Some countries were unable to deliver data about the number of initiated cycles and deliveries. Wider implications of the findings: The 21st ESHRE report on ART, IUI and FP interventions shows a continuous increase of reported treatment numbers and MAR-derived livebirths in Europe. Being already the largest data collection on MAR in Europe, efforts should continue to optimize data collection and reporting with the perspective of improved quality control, transparency and vigilance in the field of reproductive medicine. Study funding/competing interests: The study has received no external funding and all costs are covered by ESHRE. There are no competing interests.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio