Use of Medication Reconciliation in Addition to Drug Use Counseling for Diabetic Out-patients

Objective: To evaluate medication reconciliation process with pharmacistcounseling in diabetic patients in Nopparat Rajathanee hospital in 3aspects including economic, patient and clinical outcomes. Methods: Inthis descriptive and analytical prospective study, medication reconciliationwas used to determine medication history, drug related problems, costs ofreturned medications, as well as recommendation for problem resolution.Data were collected from 3 visits. Results: Of the 200 patient included,most patients received medications solely from Nopparat Rajathaneehospital. Medication reconciliation helped reduce medication cost in all 3visits with a total saving of 151,963.60 baht. A total of 397 drug relatedproblems were found in 3 visited; 304, 47 and 46 in visits 1, 2 and 3respectively. This reduction was statistically significant (P < 0.001). FBSlevels decreased significantly (from 175.00 ± 76.58 mg/dl in visit 1, to164.21 ± 62.15 and 143.02 ± 44.68 mg/dl in visits 2 and 3 respectively, P =0.006). HbA1C levels also decreased from 8.82 ± 0.62% in visit 1 to 7.32 ±0.75 and 7.30 ± 0.71%, in visits 2 and 3 respectively. A decrease from visit1 to 3 was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Medicationreconciliation in addition to pharmacy counseling results in a decrease indrug related problem, cost saving and improved clinical outcomes indiabetic patients.Keywords: medication reconciliation, diabetes mellitus, out-patient, fastingblood sugar, HbA1

Predicting enhanced absorption of light gases in polyethylene using simplified PC-SAFT and SAFT-VR

International audienceAbsorption of light gases in polyethylene (PE) is studied using two versions of the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (SAFT): SAFT for chain molecules with attractive potentials of variable range (VR) and simplified perturbed-chain (PC) SAFT. Emphasis is placed on the light gases typically present during ethylene polymerisation in the gas-phase reactor (GPR) process. The two approaches are validated using experimental binary-mixture data for gas absorbed in PE, and predictions are made for mixtures of more components. For most cases studied both SAFT versions perform equally well. For the case of ternary mixtures of two gases with PE, it is predicted that the less-volatile of the two gases acts to enhance the absorption of the more-volatile gas, while the more-volatile gas inhibits the absorption of the less-volatile gas. This general behaviour is also predicted in mixtures containing more gases, such as typical reactor mixtures. The magnitude of the effect may vary considerably, depending on the relative proximity of the gas-mixture saturation pressure to the reactor pressure; for example it is predicted that the absorption of ethylene may be approximately doubled if diluent gases, propane or nitrogen, are partially or completely replaced by less-volatile butane or pentane for a reactor pressure similar to 2 MPa. In the case of a co-polymerisation reaction, it is predicted that increases in absorption of both co-monomers may be obtained in roughly equal proportion. Our findings cast light on the so-called co-monomer effect, in which substantial increases in the rate of ethylene polymerisation are observed in the presence of hexene co-monomer, while suggesting that the effect is more general and not restricted to co-monomer. For example, similar rate increases may be expected in the presence of, e.g., pentane instead of hexene, but without the change in the branch structure of the produced polymer that is inevitable when the amount of co-monomer is increased

Effects of propylene prepolymerization on ethylene/1-hexene and ethylene/1-octene copolymerization with an immobilized metallocene catalyst

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Effect of 1-hexene comonomer on polyethylene particle growth and copolymer chemical composition distribution

An investigation of the polymer particle growth characteristics and polymer molecular weight and composition distributions in ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization has been carried out with a catalyst comprising a zirconocene and methylaluminoxane immobilized on a silica support. The presence of 1-hexene leads to higher productivity and easier fragmentation of the support during particle growth. Crystallization analysis fractionation and gel permeation chromatography analysis of ethylene/1-hexene copolymers prepared at different polymerization times reveals a broadening of the chemical composition distribution with increasing polymerization time as a result of the gradual formation of a relatively high-molecular-weight, ethylene-rich fraction. The results are indicative of significant monomer diffusion effects in both homopolymerization and copolymerization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2883-2890, 200